倾斜周向槽机匣处理对跨音速压气机流动特性的影响

为研究倾斜周向槽机匣处理对跨音速轴流压气机稳定性的影响,以Rotor37为研究对象,通过数值模拟方法对比研究了径向与倾斜周向槽的扩稳效果。结果表明:在设计转速下,采用3种不同形式的周向槽机匣处理都能够提高压气机的稳定裕度;径向周向槽时稳定裕度提高5.08%,周向槽后倾时提高6.1%,前倾时提高3.75%;径向形式时转子效率最高,前倾形式次之,后倾形式槽内周向环流更复杂,能量损失最大,效率最低。当周向槽轴向倾斜方向不同时,会使周向截面、泄漏流和槽内流动发生变化,对压气机的稳定裕度和效率造成影响。     

自循环机匣处理对某型柴油机增压器压气机的稳定工况范围及性能影响研究

针对某型柴油机增压器压气机,基于整级全通道数值模拟和正交试验设计方法,研究了自循环机匣处理实现高亚声速压气机扩稳增效的潜力。结果表明：自循环机匣能够在提高设计点气动性能的前提下推迟失稳,但会牺牲堵塞流量。压气机的失稳和堵塞流量分别与叶片前缘及叶片扩压器中的堵塞程度相关。小流量侧自循环机匣通过抽吸叶轮叶顶附近低能流体,缓解堵塞,推迟失稳。但在大流量侧自循环机匣的喷射效应会增大扩压器进口攻角,加剧扩压器叶片流动分离,减小堵塞流量。抽吸效应与喷射效应强度均取决于抽吸槽的位置和宽度,压气机稳定性和堵塞流量与抽吸槽参数的变化基本呈负相关。自循环机匣对气动性能的影响包含两方面：在抽吸槽前,经回流槽流出的流体与主流的掺混及其产生的进口畸变将带来额外的效率和压比损失,适当减小回流槽角度可以降低该损失;在抽吸槽下游,得益于抽吸效应对叶顶流动状态的改善,压气机抽吸槽附近及下游高熵区减小,做功能力增强,气动损失大幅降低。在上述两方面共同影响下,压气机设计点气动性能最终得以提高。     

离心压气机凹槽导流片式机匣处理失速控制研究

针对一种新型的可显著改善原有压气机稳定裕度的机匣处理结构,进行了时间精确的三维数值模拟,详细对比分析了带实壁机匣结构和凹槽导流片式机匣处理结构的离心压气机转子叶片项部区域流场,以及叶片通道内子午速度沿径向的分布情况,揭示了凹槽导流片式处理机匣结构的扩稳机理.并通过分析不同参数的凹槽导流片式机匣处理的计算结果,表明:轴向叠合量的增大,对于压气机裕度的改善有利,而不利于压气机的效率提升;处理槽深度的减少,会使压气机稳定裕度有所改善,但峰值点总压比与失速点总压比都有所降低.     

带后置蜗壳的斜流叶轮机匣处理扩稳研究

针对小型高速斜流叶轮的机匣处理进行了实验研究与数值模拟分析.实验结果表明,所设计的机匣处理结构可以有效地扩大斜流叶轮的工作范围.采用并行计算技术,对包括斜流叶轮机匣处理以及蜗壳在内的整机流场进行了数值模拟,揭示了机匣处理扩稳的机理,机匣处理结构将叶片顶部区域的低能流体抽吸进入处理槽,从叶片通道内吸力面侧区域流出周向槽,射入转子通道,吹除该区域的低能气团阻塞,改善了转子叶片叶顶区域的气流流动状况,推迟失速的发生.     

进气回流机匣处理离心压气机的扩稳机理

车用增压器的离心压气机在高转速下,往往暴露出流量过窄的问题.通过数值分析,对实壁机匣离心压气机模型高转速下的失速机理进行了研究,结果发现,转速下叶顶区域的流动变为跨音速流动,小流量下槽道激波前移至分流叶片之前,由于采用了长短叶片导致该处叶片稠度较小,间隙泄漏气流跨过激波后扰动迅速扩大,并诱发大量低能流体的堆积,促使压气机过早失稳.同时,对具有扩稳能力的进气回流机匣处理模型也进行了数值模拟,并与试验数据进行了对比验证,结果表明,布置在激波过后的回流槽能有效带走堆积在导风轮尾部附近的低能流体,减少了泄漏二次流对主流的扰动程度,使得气流以较小的攻角流过短叶片前缘,大大改善了叶轮内部流场.     

零间隙压气机失稳机理的全通道数值模拟研究

为了探究零间隙压气机流动失稳机理,采用全通道非定常数值模拟方法研究了一台零间隙斜流压气 机转子的失稳机理,数值模拟过程中在转子出口施加了随时间动态变化的背压模拟压气机转子节流,非定常 数值计算结果表明零间隙斜流压气机转子仍然表现为典型突尖流动失稳特征。通过详细地分析斜流压气机 转子节流过程中不同阀系数对应的压气机内部流场结构,结果表明:尽管零间隙斜流压气机无叶顶泄漏特 征,但随着对压气机节流,转子叶片尾缘率先出现流动分离,进一步节流,尾缘流动分离表现为一方面在周向 范围加剧,另一方面分离点逐渐向上游移动,造成通道严重堵塞,最终引发相邻叶片通道尾缘回流和叶片前 缘流动溢出进而诱发叶片通道内部出现径向涡结构,从而形成压气机突尖失速先兆。     

机匣处理对子午加速轴流风机扩稳的机理研究

为揭示叶顶间隙泄漏流动的演变趋势以及前置凸台机匣处理对风机的扩稳机理,采用CFD方法对风机内部流场进行了数值计算,获得了叶顶间隙泄漏流与风机非稳定工作状态的关联及前置凸台机匣处理通过控制主流和叶顶泄漏流,提高风机稳定工作范围的机理。结果表明:随着流量的减小,叶顶间隙泄漏流与主流的交界面不断向上游移动,叶顶间隙泄漏流在叶顶通道内造成的流动堵塞不断扩大,最终导致该风机进入非稳定状态;在小流量时前置凸台机匣处理通过对主流阻挡使部分叶顶泄漏流绕过叶片前缘在相邻流道内往下游流动,减小下游的阻塞区域,从而对风机内部的流动起到一定的稳定作用。     

跨声速串列转子叶型流动特性分析

串列叶片技术可以突破常规压气机叶片的负荷极限,因此成为下一代高负荷压气机设计技术的研究热点。为了拓展串列叶片的使用范围,采用数值模拟的方法对跨声速串列转子叶型（来流马赫数1.2）流动特性及前排叶片尾迹发展演化规律展开研究。得出结论：全工况范围内,前排叶片总压损失占比超过50%,前排叶片激波系结构的优化设计是影响串列叶型性能的关键因素;随着出口背压提高,前排叶片尾迹厚度先增加后减小,导致尾迹厚度不同的根本原因是流出前排叶片通道时尾迹的初始速度亏损不同,后排叶片通道的扩压对初始速度亏损有进一步的放大作用。     

低转速离心叶轮自循环机匣处理扩稳机理研究

为了探索自循环机匣处理扩稳机理,利用全三维数值模拟方法对应用机匣处理的LSCC(低速离心叶轮)进行了详细研究.结果表明:自循环机匣处理能有效的延迟失速的发生并在近失速区域略微提高压气机的效率以及总压比.该机匣处理能有效地减小叶顶载荷,从而降低泄漏流相对速度,抑制间隙泄漏涡在叶顶通道内的发展以减小低速气流在流道内的阻塞,提高转子通道的通流能力,从而达到扩大稳定工作范围的目的,综合稳定裕度改进量为12.57％.     

小型离心压气机径向扩压器复杂涡系结构分析

对某小型离心压气机进行详细数值模拟,构建径向扩压器复杂涡系结构模型,重点分析设计、堵塞、失速工况下径向扩压器内部复杂涡系结构。研究表明：径向扩压器内部涡系结构主要包括前缘涡、两个通道涡（压力面侧通道涡与吸力面侧通道涡）以及喉部涡;主叶片吸力面的前缘涡是机匣侧低能流体在展向与流向压力梯度作用下形成的,喉部涡是吸力面侧通道涡沿分流叶片前缘的回流与前缘涡构成的;喉部涡在喉部的堆积是导致径向扩压器失速的原因,径向扩压器喉部的激波则是堵塞的原因;随流量的减小,前缘涡的涡核越向相邻主叶片压力面迁移。     

Entropy Generation Analysis in a Mixed-Flow Compressor with Casing Treatment

Casing treatments(CT) can effectively extend compressors flow ranges with the expense of efficiency penalty. Compressor efficiency is closely linked to loss. Only revealing the mechanisms of loss generation can design a CT with high aerodynamic performance. In the paper, a highly-loaded mixed-flow compressor with tip clearance of 0.4 mm was numerically studied at a rotational speed of 30,000 r/min to reveal the effects of axial slot casing treatment(ASCT) on the loss mechanisms in the compressor. The results showed that both isentropic efficiency and stall margin were improved significantly by the ASCT. The local entropy generation method was used to analyze the loss mechanisms and to quantify the loss distributions in the blade passage. Based on the axial distributions of entropy generation rate, for both the cases with and without ASCT, the peak entropy generation rate increased in the rotor domain and decreased in the stator domain during throttling the compressor. The peak entropy generation in rotor was mainly caused by the tip leakage flow and flow separations near the rotor leading edge for the mixed-flow compressor no matter which casing was applied. The radial distributions of entropy generation rate showed that the reduction of loss in the rotor domain from 0.4 span to the rotor casing was the major reason for the efficiency improved by ASCT. The addition of ASCT exerted two opposite effects on the losses generated in the compressor. On the one hand, the intensity of tip leakage flow was weakened by the suction effect of slots, which alleviated the mixing effect between the tip leakage flow and main flow, and thus reduced the flow losses; On the other hand, the extra losses upstream the rotor leading edge were produced due to the shear effect and to the heat transfer. The aforementioned shear effect was caused by the different velocity magnitudes and directions, and the heat transfer was caused by temperature gradient between the injected flow and the incoming flow. For case with smooth casing(SC), 61.61% of the overall loss arose from tip leakage flow and casing boundary layer. When the ASCT was applied, that decreased to 55.34%. The loss generated by tip leakage flow and casing boundary layer decreased 20.54% relatively by ASCT.     

间隙变化对轴流压气机转子近失速工况叶顶流场的影响研究

为研究间隙变化对轴流压气机转子近失速工况下叶顶流场结构的影响,以轴流压气机转子Rotor37为研究对象,对其叶顶流场进行定常和非定常的数值模拟。计算结果表明：随着叶顶间隙的减小,压气机的总压比和等熵效率均有所提高,稳定运行范围扩大;2倍设计间隙下,叶尖泄漏涡经激波作用后发生膨胀破碎,堵塞来流通道,诱发压气机堵塞失速;0.5倍设计间隙下,吸力面流动分离加剧,发生回流,部分回流与来流在压力面前缘上游发生干涉,进口堵塞加剧,致使部分来流从前缘溢出,导致压气机叶尖失速;不同间隙下压气机失速过程的主导因素不同,大间隙下失速由叶尖泄漏涡破碎的非定常波动引起,小间隙下失速主要由流动分离引发的周期性前缘溢流所主导。     

Stall Behaviour in a Mixed-flow Compressor with Axial Slot Casing Treatment

Casing treatment is an effective technique in extending stall margin of axial and centrifugal compressor.However,its impacts on the stall behaviour of mixed-flow compressor are still not completely understood until now.To conquer this issue,unsteady full-annulus simulations were conducted to investigate the stall mechanism of a mixed-flow compressor with and without axial slot casing treatment(ASCT).The circumferential propagating speed of spike inception resolved by the numerical approach is 87.1%of the shaft speed,which is identical to the test data.The numerical results confirmed that the mixed-flow compressor fell into rotating stall via spike-type with and without ASCT.The flow structure of the spike inception was investigated at 50%design rotational speed.Instantaneous static pressure traces extracted upstream of the leading edge had shown a classic spiky wave.Furthermore,it was found that with and without ASCT,the mixed-flow compressor stalled through spike with the characteristic of tip leakage spillage at leading edge and tip leakage backflow from trailing edge,which is different from a fraction of the centrifugal compressor.The resultant phenomenon provides conoborating evidence for that unlike in axial-flow compressor,the addition of ASCT does not change the stall characteristics of the mixed-flow compressor.The flow structure that induced spike inception with ASCT is similar to the case with smooth casing.In the throttling process,tip leakage flow vortex had been involved in the formation of tornado vortices,with one end at the suction side,and the other end at the casing-side.The low-pressure region relevant to the downward spike is caused by leading-edge separation vortex or tornado vortex.The high-pressure region relevant to the upward spike is induced by blockage from the passage vortex.These results not only can provide guidance for the design of casing treatment in mixed-flow compressor,but also can pave the way for the stall waring in the highly-loaded compressors of next-generation aeroengines.     

The Self-induced unsteadiness of tip leakage flow in an axial low-speed compressor with single circumferential casing groove

Numerical investigation on the self-induced unsteadiness of tip leakage flow （TLF） for an axial low-speed com- pressor with smooth wall and six single grooved casings are presented. A ten-passage numerical scheme is used to solve the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes （URANS） equations. It is found that the single grooves at various axial locations could have a large impact on the self-induced unsteadiness and the stall margin improve- ment （SMI） of compressor. The trend of SMI with groove center location demonstrates that the groove located near the mid of blade tip chord generates the best SMI. The worst groove is located about 20% Cax after the blade leading edge. The root-mean-squre of static pressure （RMSP） contours at 99.5% span and fast Fourier transform for the static pressure traces recorded in the tip clearance region for each casing are analyzed. The results demon- strate that the single groove location not only affects the oscillating strength but also the frequency of the un- steady tip leakage flow. At the near-stall point of smooth casing, the self-induced unsteadiness of TLF is enhanced most by the best grooved casing for SMI. While, the self-induced unsteadiness disappears when the worst groove for SMI is added. The characteristic frequency of TLF is about 0.55 blade passing frequency （BPF） with smooth casing. The frequency components become complicated as the single groove moves from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the blade.     

Numerical investigation on the effects of re-organized shock waves on the flow separation for a highly-loaded transonic compressor cascade

This paper presents a detailed numerical investigation of the influence of re-organized shock waves on the flow separation for a highly-loaded transonic compressor cascade. The boundary layer suction (BLS) was used to control the location and strength of shock waves, with the aspirated slot locating at 49% chord, where is just downstream of the impingement point of shock wave at the leading edge. The numerical simulation is based on NUMECA, a commercial software, where the cell-centered control volume approach with third-order spatial accuracy is used to solve the 3-D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations under the Cartesian coordinate system. Several conclusions can be made through the observation of the numerical results. (1) Multiple shock waves in cascade passage leaded the velocity deficits of boundary layer on suction surface downstream of shock wave, resulting in seriously separated flow on the suction side of blade, especially when the front shock wave is much stronger than the rest of the shocks. (2) BLS with small mass flow rate can not effectively improve the boundary layer. When the impingement point of oblique shock wave coming from cascade leading edge is bled to downstream of the passage shock wave by BLS, the boundary layer flow is greatly improved. However, if the BLS mass flow rate exceeds a critical value (1.2%), the boundary layer downstream of shock wave would separate from suction surface. (3) At the blade mid-span, the aerodynamic performance of compressor blade is improved as BLS mass flow rate increases. The optimum BLS is about 1.2%. Compared with the baseline case, the BLS with flow rate of 1.2% increases the total pressure recovery coefficient by 12%, and decreases diffusion factor by 18% and deviation angle to 7 ° while keeping the pressure rise constant. (4) The three dimensional flow structure of the compressor cascade ranged from 25% span to 75% span was improved greatly with the 1.2% BLS flow rate. However it could not control the development of the corner boundary layer effectively.     

A study of the unsteady tip flow field of a transonic compressor

An experimental investigation on the unsteady tip flow field of a transonic compressor rotor has been performed.The casing-mounted high frequency response pressure transducers were arranged along both the blade chord and the blade pitch.The chord-wise ones were used to indicate both the ensemble averaged and time varying flow structure of the tip region of the rotor at different operating points under 95% design speed and 60% design speed.The pitch-wise circumferential transducers were mainly used to analyze the unsteadiness frequency of the tip leakage flow in the rotor frame at the near stall condition.The contours of casing wall pressure show that there were two clear low pressure regions in blade passages,one along the chord direction,caused by the leakage flow and the other along the tangential direction,maybe caused by the forward swept leading edge.Both low pressure regions were originated from the leading edge and formed a scissor-like flow pattern.At 95% design speed condition,the shock wave interacted with the low pressure region and made the flow field unsteady.With the mass flow reduced,the two low pressure regions gradually contracted to the leading edge and then a spike disturbance emerged.     

叶片根部倒角对离心叶轮气动性能影响

叶轮是决定离心压气机气动性能的关键因素之一,在保持叶轮设计参数不变的条件下,调整叶根倒角的分布,对比分析叶根倒角对压气机性能的影响.利用Numeca软件对跨声速离心压气机进行全三维稳态流动数值模拟方案分为等半径倒角与变半径倒角两种.结果表明:主叶片后半弦长的倒角是决定压气机气动性能的关键性因素,尾缘倒角比前缘更敏感;根...     

Experimental Investigations of the Three—Dimensional Flow in a Large Deflection Turbine Cascade with Tip Clearance

INTRoDUCTI0NThetipleakaeflowisnowrecognizedasanimpor-tantsourceoflossesinbothcompressorsandturbines,asasourceofcoolingprobleminturbinesandasourceofinstabilityincomPressorsandfans.Manyturbo-maChinimPellersarenotshroudedandtheleakaeflowthroughthetipgaPofthebladeisanunavoidablefaCtorwhichdeterioratestheperformance.Den-tonandCumpsty[1]melltionedabouttwodistinctandequallyimportantaspects.tothetipclearanceflows.First,thereisareducti0ninthebladeforce,there-fore,theworkdone.Thisoccursbecausethe…