镍基纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合镀层的制备及性能

为了改善金属基材的表面性能,以钛铁矿为原料,利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法制备了纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合粉体.采用复合电泳电沉积法在不锈钢基体表面制备了镍基纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合镀层;利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、数显维氏硬度计和电化学测试等手段研究了纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合粉体对复合镀层结构和性能的影响.结果表明纳米碳管/二氧化钛复合粉体的加入有效地减小了复合镀层中镍的晶粒尺寸,促进了金属镍沿(111)晶面择优取向生长,改变了镍的电沉积层结构,提高了镀层的硬度,改善了镀层的耐腐蚀性能;在复合粉体的作用下,复合镀层的硬度与纯镍镀层相比提高了110%,腐蚀电位正移了23mV,腐蚀电流密度减少了0.991微安/平方厘米.     

Controlled synthesis of polycrystalline nickel oxalate nanofibers by the mild thermal precipitation and aging process

Via a mild thermal precipitation and aging process, polycrystalline hydrated nickel oxalate nanofibers were synthesized using nickel chloride and ammonium oxalate as raw materials, with pH 8.0 and temperature 60 °C. Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), organic elemental analyzer (OEA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the products properties. The results demonstrated that the product was hydrated nickel oxalate. The sizes of hydrated nickel oxalate nanofibers were 100–150 nm in diameter, and 0.5–5.0 μm in length. A rational mechanism based on coordination self-assembly was discussed for the selective formation of the polycrystalline hydrated nickel oxalate nanofibers.     

Preparation and Characterization of Monodisperse Nickel Nanoparticles by Polyol Process

Polymer-protected monodisperse nickel nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified polyol reduction method in the presence of poly（N-vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone）.These nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,selected area electron diffraction（SAED）,as well as vibrating sample magnetometer（VSM）.The experimental results show that the addition of PVP and the concentration of NaOh have strong influences on the size.agglomeration and uniformity of nanoparticles.In the presence of PVP and NaoH with low concentration.smonodisperse nickel nanoparticles with average diameters about 42 nm were obtained and characterized to the pure nickel crystalline with foc structure.Secondary structures such as clusters.loops.and strings resulted from magnetic interactions between particles were observed.The chemical interaction between the PVP and nickel nanoparticles was found by FTIR.The saturation magnetization（Ms）.remanent magnetization（Mr）and coercivity（Hc）of these nickel nanoparticles are lower than those of bulk nickel.     

超声波化学法制备尖晶石型纳米铁酸镍

在超声波辐射下用前驱体法合成纳米尖晶石型铁酸镍.对硝酸镍、硝酸铁以及脲的水溶液进行超声波辐射得到前驱体,在950°C下灼烧15 h得到粒径约为15 nm的NiFe2O4颗粒.用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜以及红外光谱表征,结果表明,用超声波化学法合成的产物确为纳米铁酸镍.     

Effect of nano-size nickel particles on wear resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance of ultrafine ceramic coating

1　INTRODUCTIONImprovementsinaerogasturbineengineandartilleryrecoilabsorberperformanceintermsofpower ,efficiencyandmassnecessitatetheuseofhighspecific strengthandlow densitymaterials,whichresultsinthedevelopmentofawiderangeoftitaniumalloysinthecompressorsectionof modern gasturbinesandartilleryrecoilabsorber .Titaniumalloys,ingeneral,easilyabsorboxygen ,leadingtooxidationandalphaphaseformationwhenexposedtohightemperature ( >5 0 0℃ )inair,whichlimitsthehightemperaturecapabilityofalloysdueto…     

镍纤维管改善锂硫电池性能

为了改善锂硫电池的比容量和循环稳定性等电化学性能,以聚丙烯腈纤维为基体,采用无钯活化化学镀法在其表面镀一层镍,制备得到复合纤维.通过热处理去除复合纤维中的聚丙烯腈,得到氧化镍中空纤维,然后在氢等离子体气氛中对氧化镍中空纤维进行还原制备中空镍纤维管,并以它作为锂硫电池正极材料活性物质的承载体,制备含镍纤维管的硫电极来改善锂硫电池的电化学性能.采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪表征镍纤维管的表面形貌和成分,结果表明:所制备的纤维管主要是镍,但含有少量的磷,可能是镀液中次磷酸盐中的磷元素被还原,且管径为10～15μm,管壁厚度均匀,约0.7μm.采用恒流充放电和交流阻抗谱对含镍纤维管硫电极的电化学性能进行表征,结果表明:添加镍的纤维管能够增强锂硫电池的电化学性能,在充放电电流密度为每平方厘米0.2mA的条件下,镍纤维管增强硫电极的首次放电比容量为941.6mAh/g,20次循环后的放电比容量仍保持在593.3mAh/g,表现出较高的放电比容量和良好的循环稳定性.     

Microstructural evolution in electroformed nickel shaped-charge liners with nano-sized grains undergone deformation at ultrahigh strain rate

Nickel shaped-charge liners with nano-sized grains were prepared by the electroforming technique, and the deformation at ultrahigh strain rate was performed by explosive detonation. The as-formed and post-deformed microstructures of electroformed nickel shaped-charge liners with nano-sized grains were observed by means of transmission electron microscopy, and the orientation distribution of the grains was analyzed by the electron backscattering pattern (EBSP) technique. The melting phenomenon in the jet fra...     

金属镍在碳纳米管薄膜上的电结晶

为了使碳纳米管表面产生某些含氧官能团,使其疏水性表面变为亲水性表面,采用兼具有酸性和氧化性的硝酸和硫酸水溶液对碳纳米管进行表面氧化处理,并利用红外光谱表征了碳纳米管的表面结构.制备了初始浓度为0.5g/L的碳纳米管悬浮液,运用复合电沉积方法在不锈钢基体表面制备碳纳米管薄膜,同时在硫酸镍基础电解液中研究了沉积时间对镍晶粒在碳纳米管薄膜上沉积的表面形貌和微观结构的影响.结果表明:经过混酸氧化处理后的碳纳米管表面拥有丰富的羧基和羟基等含氧官能团;沉积初期镍晶粒在碳纳米管薄膜中的结晶形态呈颗粒状,其结晶位置仅位于碳纳米管表面少数部位,随着沉积时间的延长,镍晶粒在碳纳米管薄膜中逐渐形成准连续的金属层.此外,碳纳米管的存在促进了镍晶粒(111)晶面的生长,影响了特征峰相对强度的变化及晶粒尺寸的减小.     

Electroless nickel plating on the surface of carbon fibers

The electroless nickel plating on the surface of carbon fibers was prepared by pretreating the carbon fibers in order to increase their conductivity,and consequently enhance the EMI shielding effectiveness of the composites.The relationship between the performance of depositing coat and pH value,temperature,reaction time and the way of agitation was studied.Results show that the depositing quality is stable under pH between 4.5 and 5.0,temperature between 75 ℃ and 85 ℃,reaction time for 10 min and air agitation.The uniform and compact nickel layer deposited on carbon fibers was proved by XRD and SEM,and the electrical resistivity of carbon fibers with nickel coating was tested.Results indicate that the electrical resistivity of carbon fibers with electroless nickel plating is decreased by an order of magnitude compared with that of carbon fibers.It means that nickel coating can greatly improve the electromagnetic interference shielding properties of carbon fibers.     

Straight SiO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> nanorod Y junctions

Novel straight silicon oxide [SiO _x (1<x<2)] nanorod Y junctions have been synthesized on Si plate by thermal evaporation of mixed powders of silica and carbon nanofibers at 1300°C and condensation on a Si substrate without assistance of any catalyst. The synthesized samples were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results suggested that the straight nanorod Y junctions are amorphous and consist only of elements Si and O, and these rods with diameters about 50–200 nm have a neat smooth surface. The growth of such silicon oxide nanorods may be a result of the second nucleation on the surface of rods causing a change in the growth direction of silicon oxide nanorods developed. Supported by the Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning under the Jurisdiction of Beijing, and the Program of Science & Technology Activity for Chinese Homecoming Fellow Abroad and Research Program of Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor (Grant No. KM200810772009)     

Nanosized Nickel Oxides Derived from the Citrate Gel Process and Performances for Electrochemical Capacitors

Nanosized nickel oxide powders were prepared by thermal decomposition of the nickel citrate gel precursors. The thermal decomposition and powder materials derived from calcination of these gel precursors with various ratios of citric acid （CA） to nickel at different temperatures and times were characterized by thermal analysis （TG/DTA）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, x-ray diffraction （XRD）, and measurement of specific surface area （BET） with porosity analyses. The optimized processing conditions of calcination temperature 400℃ for 1 hour with the CA/Ni ratio of 1.2, were determined to produce the nanosized nickel oxide pow- ders with a high specific surface area of 181 m^2/g, nanometer particle sizes of 15-25 nm, micro-pore diameter distribution between 4-10 nm. The capacitance characteristics of the nanosized nickel oxide electrode in various concentrations of KOH solutions were studied by the cyclic voltammetry （CV） exhibiting both a double-layer capacitance and a faradaic pseudocapacitance. The nanosized nickel oxide electrode shows a high cyclic stability and is promising for high performance electrochemical capacitors.     

金纳米棒的制备与影响因素研究

采用晶种生长法制备金纳米棒,考察了硼氢化钠、硝酸银以及抗坏血酸的用量对金纳米棒制备的影响,并对其进行了优化;采用紫外-可见分光光度计和透射电镜显微镜对金纳米棒进行表征。实验结果表明,在最优条件下,制备了长轴35 nm,长径比为3.4,且表面光滑、形状均匀的金纳米棒。     

Solid catalytic growth mechanism of micro-coiled carbon fibers

Micro-coiled carbon fibers were prepared by catalytic pyrolysis of acetylene with nano-sized nickel powder catalyst using the substrate method. The morphology of micro-coiled carbon fibers was observed through field emission scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the fiber and coil diameter of the obtained micro-coiled carbon fibers is about 500-600 nm and 4-5 μm, respectively. Most of the micro-coiled carbon fibers obtained were regular double carbon coils, but a few irregular ones were also observed. On the basis of the experimental observation, a solid catalytic growth mechanism of micro-coiled carbon fibers was proposed.     

Electrochemical performance of nickel oxide／KOH／active carbon super-capacitor

The fabrication and characterization of new type Nickel oxide/KOH/Active carbon super-capacitor have been described. Porous nickel oxide was prepared by hydrolysis of nickel acetate and heated in air at 300℃. The resulting nickel oxide behaved as an electrochemical capacitor electrode with a specific capacitance (50-70 F/g) superior to most active carbon electrodes. This kind of nickel oxide maintained high utilization at high rate of discharge (i.e., high power density) and had excellent cycle life more than 1 000 times,while the capacitance of the cell composed of two identical nickel oxide electrodes was poor at high discharge current density and the maximum operational voltage of this type capacitor was limited to 0.5 V. A new type super-capacitor was designed in which the nickel oxide and the active carbon were applied to the positive and negative electrodes respectively. The breakdown voltage of this type super-capacitor was improved effectively to 0.8 V and excellent characteristic of high power discharge was attained in this way. The Nickel oxide/KOH/Active carbon super-capacitor has promising potentials in portable telecommunications, uninterruptable power supplies and battery load leveling applications.     

Synthesis of carbon nanofibers by ethanol catalytic combustion technique

A general, simple and economic synthetic method for synthesizing carbon nanofibers was presented. In the method, ethanol was employed as carbon source; metal salts such as nickel nitrate, ferric nitrate and ferric chloride were used as catalyst precursor respectively; copper plate was employed as the support material. A lot of products were obtained by catalytic combustion deposition of ethanol vapor. Then the as-prepared carbon nanofibers were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy and selected-area electron diffractometry. By analyzing the results of characterization, the conclusions are as follows： 1） the large catalyst particles tend to form large-diameter CNFs, small catalyst particles are inclinable to form small-diameter CNFs; 2） the morphology of the catalyst can affect the final morphology of the CNFs. Moreover, the possible growth mechanisms were proposed and the degree of graphitization of samples was estimated by Raman spectroscopy characterization.     

Zinc Oxide Nanorods and Their Photoluminescence Property

1　IntroductionOne dimensional(1D)nanostructures,suchasnano tubes,nanowires,nanorodsandnanoribbons,haveattractedextraordinaryattentionfortheirpotentialapplicationsindeviceandinterconnectintegrationinnanoelectronicsandmolecularelectronics[1- 4].Thesemiconductingmetalox ideZnOisawideband gap (3.37eV)compoundsemi conductorthatissuitableforblueoptoelectronicapplica tions ,withultravioletlasingactionbeingreportedindisor deredparticlesandthinfilms[5 ].One dimensionalZnOnanostructureshavebeensynthe…     

具有粗糙表面的TiC纳米线的制备和表征

采用碳热还原TiO2的方法,向TiO2和活性炭原料中加入一定比例的NaCl,通过氯化物辅助碳热还原过程,以Co@C纳米粒子为催化剂,取摩尔比为1∶4∶0.5∶0.1的TiO2、活性炭、NaCl和Co@C纳米粒子混合物,在1 350℃反应合成TiC纳米线。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、HRTEM及EDS对产物进行物相、形貌、晶形及成分分析,结果表明,该产物为无定形CoO纳米包裹的单晶面心立方TiC纳米线。     

金属Co催化直流碳弧放电产物的研究

在直流碳弧法的阳极棒中掺入金属Co作催化剂生产单壁碳纳米管和碳包Co纳米晶 对产物进行了X射线衍射分析 ,用高分辨电镜观察单壁碳纳米管和碳包Co纳米晶的形貌 ;并比较了碳包Co的含量对Co纳米晶产量和粒径大小的影响 ;研究结果表明阳极棒中Co的加入有利于曲卷状的石墨结构碳纳米管和碳包Co纳米晶的形成 ,而纳米晶粒的粒径大小则随Co含量的增多而增大     

碳纳米纤维／镍管复合材料的制备

采用化学镀法在化学纤维布表面覆盖均匀镍层,通过热处理去除基体后获得中空镍纤维管;将其置于化学气相沉积装置中,通过调整合适的氢气和甲烷流量比及气压条件制备了以中空微米镍纤维管为主体结构、碳纳米纤维（CNF）以及金属管体结构为存储介质的碳纳米纤维／镍管复合纤维材料．运用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析中空镍纤维及复合纤维管表面形貌,x射线衍射（XRD）对复合纤维管晶相组成进行表征．结果表明,利用模版法制备出的中空镍纤维管孔径在10μm左右,管壁厚约0．5μm;化学气相沉积制备过程中,当微波功率500W,氢气和甲烷流量比100：6,气压4．0kPa,沉积时间5min时,复合纤维管外壁和端口内壁均匀沉积长径比较大且直径均匀分布的碳纳米纤维,碳纤维直径约50nm;复合纤维成分为碳纳米纤维、镍和三镍化磷合金相,其中碳纳米纤维表现为石墨相．表面覆盖有碳纳米纤维的镍管复合材料,增加了材料自身的吸附存储和导电性能,可应用于多相催化、电容存储和电极材料等领域．     

Electrochemical properties of Nano-LiFePO<Subscript>4</Subscript> prepared by hydrothermal reaction

LiFePO4 nanorods were facilely synthesized under hydrothermal condition. The crystalline structure and particle morphology of LiFePO4 powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/Li cells were investigated by galvanostatic test and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The XRD result demonstrated LiFePO4 powder had an orthorhombic structure with a space group of Pnma. The synthesized LiFePO4 nanorods exhibited a...