Effect of lanthanum-praseodymium-cerium mischmetal on mechanical properties and microstructure of Mg-Al alloys

The effects of lanthanum-praseodymium-cerium mischmetal (LPC) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Al alloy were investigated. With the addition of LPC, an additional rod-like Al11La3 phase was deposited in the alloy. LPC greatly improves the tensile strength of cast Mg-Al alloys but negatively affects the elongation of cast alloys above 473 K. Cast alloys are strengthened by both precipitation strengthening and dispersion strengthening at ambient temperature. When the temperature exceeds 473 K, only the dispersion operates as a strengthening mechanism.     

高强高导电铜合金的研究现状

高强高导电铜合金是一类具有优良综合性能的功能材料和结构材料,被广泛应用于电子、机械等领域.系统总结了固溶强化、形变强化、细晶强化、第二相强化和复合强化等基本原理,指出目前获得高强度高导电铜合金的强化方法和制备工艺,介绍了快速凝固、真空混合铸造法、固-液直接反应法、混合合金法、反应喷射成形法(RSD)等技术在高强高导铜合金生产中的应用,同时,阐述了该类合金的研究现状和发展前景.     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of as-cast and extruded Mg-（Ce, Nd）-Zn-Zr alloys

1INTRODUCTION Thebeneficialinfluenceofrareearth(RE)metalsontheambientandelevatedtemperature mechanicalpropertiesofmagnesiumalloyhaslongbeenrecognized[13].Recently,Yttriumisaddedto Magnesiumalloytoimproveitstensilestrength andcreepresistance,andsuchinvestigationsatheat resistantmagnesiumalloyhaveledtothede velopmentofWE43andWE54alloys[4,5].Al thoughsuchalloysexhibitgoodpropertiesupto573Kthroughcastingandextruding,therelativelyhighcostofYttriumrestrictstheapplicationof suchalloys.Otherr…     

锻造和铸造CoCrMo合金的摩擦学性能研究

选用医用锻造和铸造CoCrMo合金材料,利用UMT-II型摩擦磨损试验机,综合考察并比较了不同载荷条件下,25%小牛血清润滑时的摩擦磨损性能,分析了磨损机理.实验结果表明：锻造和铸造CoCrMo合金的物相主要由α-CoCr和ε-CoCr固溶体相组成.锻造合金含有较高的α-CoCr相,铸造合金则含有较高的ε-CoCr相,锻造合金的显微硬度略高于铸造合金.25%小牛血清润滑条件下,不同载荷条件下锻造和铸造CoCrMo合金的摩擦系数具有相同的变化规律.低载荷时,锻造CoCrMo合金的摩擦系数略高于铸造合金,高载荷时,二者的摩擦系数相当.锻造和铸造CoCrMo合金的磨损皆为混合磨损机制,即犁沟磨损为主,并伴有磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损.     

Mg17Al12相电子结构计算与键络分析

基于EET理论，计算了Mg-Al系合金中主要的强化相γ-Mg17Al12的价电子结构，分析了其键络空间分布。Mg17Al12空间键络由Al-Al原子集团主键络、Al-MgⅢ次键络和Al-MgⅡ、Al-MgⅠ弱键络及MgⅡ-MgⅢ层状键络组成，其中Al-MgⅢ原于形成的弱键G是整个键络的薄弱环节。Mg17Al12晶内、晶界弥散析出，钉扎位错运动，阻碍品界滑移传递的强化作用主要依靠Al-Al原子集团主键络。通过合金化增强Mg17Al12弱键G是改善其热稳定性，提高Mg-Al基合金工作温度的有效途径。     

Compositional dependence of thermal and elastic properties of Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni bulk metallic glasses

Starting from the quaternary Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 alloy, the compositional dependence of thermal and elastic properties of Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni alloys was systematically investigated. Quaternary Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni alloys can be cast directly from the melt into copper molds to form fully amorphous strips or rods with the thickness of 3-6 mm. The evidence of the amorphous nature of the cast rods was provided by X-ray spectra. The measured glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallization temperature (Tx) were obtained for the alloys using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at the heating rate of 20 K/s. In the results, the differences between the glass temperature and the crystallization tempera-ture (△Tx=Tx-Tg) are measured with values ranging up to 33-55 K. The reduced glass transition temperature (Trg), which is the ratio of the glass temperature to the liquidus temperature (T1), is often used as an indication of the glass-forming ability of metallic alloys. For the present Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni alloys, this ratio is typically in the range of 0.5838-0.5959, characteristic of metallic alloys with good glass-forming ability. The elastic constants for several selected alloys were measured using ultrasonic methods. The values of the elastic shear modulus, bulk modulus, and Poisson's ratio were also given.     

高强度耐磨铸造铝合金的研究

经优化设计合金成分及组织，应用普通冶炼方法与设备，研制出三种新型高强度铸造铝合金的过程．合金熔炼之后经Ｔ６处理，其强度、硬度、塑性和耐磨性，都远超过传统铸造铝合金ＺＬ１０８且生产工艺简单，成本低廉，具有广阔的应用前景．     

含稀土Er的Al-Zn-Mg合金的组织与性能

为了探讨稀土Er对热处理可强化(沉淀强化)的铝合金系作用,采用铸锭冶金法制备了6种含Er量不同的Al-Zn-Mg合金进行了深入分析.通过硬度测试、拉伸力学性能测试、金相观察、X射线衍射和扫描电镜观察,研究了稀土元素Er对Al-Zn-Mg合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明,稀土元素Er可以显著地细化Al-Zn-Mg合金的铸态晶粒,减小其枝晶网胞,当Er的添加量达到w(Er)=0.7％时,枝晶网胞几乎完全消失,晶粒变得非常细小且分布均匀;对于合金的冷轧态组织以及时效态晶粒也有同样的细化效果;添加Er后,Al-Zn-Mg合金在冷轧态及时效态下的屈服强度(σ0.2)及抗拉强度(σh)都得到了显著的提高,但塑性有所降低;稀土元素Er添加到Al-Zn-Mg合金中,主要与Al相互作用形成了Al3Er相.合金显微组织的细化及合金的强化都与该相的形成和析出有关.     

铸造镁合金的晶粒细化研究进展

介绍了铸造镁合金晶粒细化方面最近的研究进展,指出Al2RE颗粒是有效的形核剂,可用来细化镁-稀土合金和含Al镁合金。其在镁合金中的广泛应用还有待进一步研究。     

Mechanical properties and tribological behavior of a cast heat-resisting copper based alloy

Mechanical properties and tribological behavior of a novel cast heat-resisting copper based alloy are investigated. The corresponding properties of a commercial aluminum bronze C95500 (ASTM B30) are compared with the alloy. The results show that the alloy possesses better mechanical properties and tribological behaviors than that of C95500 at elevated temperature. The tensile strength, elongation and hardness at 500℃ are 470MPa, 2.5% and HB220, respectively. The wear rate of the developed alloy at ambient and elevated temperature is about one-sixth and one-fortieth of that of C95500, respectively. The alloy is very suitable for ma-nufacturing heat-resisting and wear-resisting parts. Major strengthening mechanisms for the alloy are solution strengthening and the second phase strengthening.     

钕对AZ91镁合金组织及机械性能的影响

采用微观分析、机械性能测试及断口分析等方法研究了钕对AZ91-Nd镁合金(w(Nd)=0,0.1%,0.3%,0.5%,1.0%,1.5%)的微观组织和机械性能的影响。结果表明:Nd以固溶和金属间化合物(A l11Nd3)的形式存在时具有细化晶粒、抑制二次β相析出、使不完全离异共晶转化为离异共晶的作用;Nd通过固溶强化、析出强化和细晶强化增加了合金强度和硬度,并改善了塑性;加入Nd后合金的断裂机制从脆性解理断裂转变为准解理断裂。     

用镁—钛—稀土合金制造紧密(蠕虫)石墨铸铁的试验研究

本文叙述了用单一中间合金生产紧密(蠕虫状)石墨铸铁的研究工作,研制出了可使含硫量为0.04％及0.07％的原铁水稳定地生产出紧密石墨铸铁的蠕化剂合金,讨论了单一蠕化剂合金中某些元素对蠕墨铸铁的影响,并研究了蠕墨铸铁的铸造能。     

Mg-Y4-Nd3合金的組織與摩擦磨損性能

研究了Mg-Y4-Nd3合金鑄態和T6處理(525℃固溶處理8 h,250℃時效處理16 h)后的顯微組織、力學性能和摩擦磨損性能。結果表明:鑄造Mg-Y4-Nd3合金共晶相分布在α-Mg固溶體晶界上,呈不連續網狀分布。經過固溶時效處理后,合金為等軸晶組織,共晶相基本固溶到-αMg基體中,時效析出沉淀相呈彌散分布。兩種處理合金的抗拉強度都隨溫度的升高而降低,伸長率均隨溫度的升高而升高,同溫度下,T6處理的合金抗拉強度高于鑄態合金。T6處理的合金在干滑動摩擦條件下,隨著載荷的增加,摩擦系數降低,磨損量增加,磨損機制由磨粒磨損伴有氧化磨損向剝層磨損過渡,在高載荷下磨損表面出現塑性變形擠出現象。     

铜薄膜作中间层的镁铝扩散焊接

采用磁控溅射技术在变形镁合金表面沉积铜薄膜,将其作为中间层对变形镁合金和硬铝合金进行了低温扩散焊接研究.利用超声波显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针等对焊接接头界面区域的显微结构及物相等进行了研究.研究结果表明,在镁合金基体上沉积的Cu薄膜主要以(111)、(200)晶向上生长,薄膜表面平整、均匀、致密;在扩散焊接工艺条件焊接温度T=455℃、保温时间t=90 min、压力P=3 MPa下获得了质量较好的Mg/Al焊接接头.焊接接头界面区域由铝镁原子比分别为3∶2,1∶1,12∶17三层镁铝系金属间化合物构成,接头断裂破坏发生在镁铝系化合物层,断口呈现明显的脆性断裂特征.     

快速凝固(2024Al)-20Si-5Fe合金的磨损行为

采用双级雾化水冷快凝与粉末冶金技术制备了（２０２４Ａｌ）－２０Ｓｉ－５Ｆｅ耐磨合金,分析了 合金的微观组织,利用磨损实验研究了合金的耐磨性和磨损失效形式．结果表明：快凝粉末冶金 合金具有比铸造合金更细小的微观组织,更高的耐磨性和减磨性;磨损失效形式主要是磨粒磨 损和疲劳磨损,而铸造合金的磨损失效形式主要是磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和部分氧化磨损．     

Influence of Mg2N2 powder on microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy

In order to obtain an effective and reliable grain refiner for Mg-Al alloys, 1% (mass fraction) Mg3N2 was added into AZ31 Mg alloy. The microstructures of the Mg alloys were studied by optical microscopy, scan electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and the mechanical properties were determined. The results show that adding a small amount of Mg3N2 to AZ31 Mg alloy can refine the grain size from 103 to 58 μm. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of AZ31 Mg alloy are 174.1MPa and 8.3%, respectively. After the addition of 1% Mg3N2, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of AZ31 Mg alloy are increased up to 198.7 MPa and 11.8%, respectively. The grain refinement mechanism is that AIN is formed after Mg3N2 is added.Both A1N and Mg phases are of HCP lattice structure, and the disregistry between Mg phases and AIN along (0001)Mg//(0001)AlN is 3.04%, which is very effective for heterogeneous nucleation.     

Effect of solid-solution temperature on the microstructure of Fe-Ni based high strength low thermal expansion （HSLTE） alloy

The influence of solid-solution temperature on the dissolution of carbide precipitates, the average grain size and the microhardness of the austenite matrix in an Fe-Ni based high strength low thermal expansion （HSLTE） alloy was investigated to obtain the proper temperature range of the solid-solution process. The XRD analysis, microstructure observations, and the theoretical calculations showed that the Mo-rich M2C-type precipitates in the Fe-Ni based HSLTE alloy dissolve completely at about 1100℃. The average grain size of the studied alloys increases from 14 to 46 μm in the temperature range of 1050 to 1200℃. The microhardness of the matrix decreases gust for the sake of solid-solution treatment, but then increases later with increasing solution temperature because of the solution strengthening effect.     

Microstructural characterizations and mechanical properties of Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn-xCu alloys

Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn-xCu（x=0wt%, 1wt%, 1.5wt% and 2.0wt%） alloys were studied by OM, Pandat software, XRD, SEM, DSC and a standard universal testing machine. The experimental results indicate that adding Cu to TAZ811 alloy leads to the formation of the AlMgCu and Cu3 Sn phases. Tensile tests indicate that yield strength increases fi rstly and then decreases with increasing Cu content. The alloy with the addition of 1.5wt% Cu exhibits optimal mechanical properties among the studied alloys. The improved mechanical properties can be ascribed to the second phase strengthening and fi ne-grain strengthening mechanisms resulting from the more dispersed second phases and smaller grain size, respectively. The decrease in ultimate tensile strength and elongation of TAZ811-2.0wt% Cu alloy at room temperature is ascribed to the formation of continuous AlMgCu and coarse Mg2 Sn phases in the liquid state.     

Mg-Al合金非平衡凝固共晶组织及形成机理

为了研究Mg-Al合金非平衡凝固组织,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、x-射线衍射仪以及拉伸性能测试,分析了金属型铸造Mg-x%Al(x=8、10、12)合金的铸态组织.结果表明,Mg-x%Al(x=8、10、12)合金的铸态组织由α固溶体、沿晶界分布共晶组织及其附近的次生相所组成,共晶组织以β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂为基且其上分布着粒状α相,次生β相与α固溶体以片层相间的形式出现.采用金属型铸造,实验合金的冷却速度较快,先形成离异共晶的β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相,后形成以β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂为基的共晶组织.该组织为类似于铁碳合金中莱氏体的非规则共晶体,强度和塑性很低,因此,Mg-x%Al(x=8、10、12)合金的力学性能普遍较低.     

Improved mechanical properties in AZ31 magnesium alloys induced by impurity reduction

Mechanical properties and microstructures of AZ31 magnesium alloys containing different impurity levels but having the same alloying element content, were investigated at ambient temperature. These AZ31 alloys were produced by semi-continuous casting, wherein the content of impurity was varied systematically. Microstructure observation shows that finer grains are existent in the alloy with lower impurity level. Tensile testing reveals that a reduction of impurity content results in a noticeable increase of the strength and elongation in the alloys in the cast, homogenized and extruded states. As the impurity content decreases from 0.0462wt% to 0.0163wt%, the ultimate tensile strength is evidently enhanced by 62 MPa and the elongation is nearly doubled in the homogenized specimen. The observed property improvement was discussed in terms of the microstructure variation with impurity reduction.