不同纵向涡发生器流动传热的数值模拟

利用三维数值模拟的方法对带有3种异形纵向涡发生器的H型翅片椭圆管换热器的空气侧流动传热特性进行研究。基于H型翅片椭圆管束,讨论了在不同雷诺数下,纵向涡发生器的摆放位置、摆放攻角和形状对空气侧流动传热的影响。研究表明:纵向涡发生器能够将高能量的流体引向流速较低的壁面区域,使冷热流体之间的混合加剧,增强流体的湍流动能,进而达到强化传热的效果;与无纵向涡发生器的管束相比,带纵向涡发生器管束的传热效果有明显的提高;当纵向涡发生器后置时,换热器的传热效果最优;在雷诺数相同,攻角为30°时,流体的传热性能和阻力特性均达到最优;相同攻角摆放时,椭圆角矩形发生器的传热性能和阻力因子均优于其他两种形式的发生器。研究结果为烟气余热回收系统换热器传热性能强化提供理论依据。     

相变微胶囊悬浮液强制对流换热实验研究

提出了一种可以同时作为储能介质与传热流体的新型相变微胶囊悬浮液(MPCS),设计和搭建试验台,分别在层流和湍流条件下在等热流密度的光滑圆管中对MPCS进行了强制对流换热实验,研究了悬浮液浓度、流量、泵送功率和加热速率对其流动及传热特性的影响。结果表明:对于质量分数为5%的MPCS,当微胶囊中相变材料分别处于固体、固体-液体和液体状态时,对应的努塞尔数平均增大了23.9%、20.5%和9.1%;与纯水相比,MPCS作为在热力系统应用的传热流体可以实现强化传热,但是需要在传热实验中控制好相变过程才能使MPCS的传热性能优于水。     

换热器系统的热力学性能评价

引入可用能损率这一指标对串联组合的换热器系统的热力学性能进行了 分析和评价,得到了换热器系统可用能损率的一般计算式,讨论了换热器系统的总流动趋势、冷热流体热容量流率比、传热单元数及单台换热器的流型、传热有效度和数目等对换热器系统可用能损率的影响。     

纳米流体传热强化技术

主要汇总了国内外纳米流体传热强化技术的研究成果,对纳米流体传热强化技术的国内外研究发展状况进行了综述;针对纳米流体的物性参数及流动情况,分析了纳米流体的强化传热机理;并具体阐述了纳米流体的主要物性参数——导热系数和粘度的影响因素;叙述了纳米流体的在各个领域中的应用并对其未来进行了展望。     

纳米流体强化传热研究分析

文中综述了目前国内外对于纳米流体强化传热技术的研究情况,分析了纳米流体的强化传热机理及添加纳米粒子后对液体的物性参数--粘度、比热、密度、流体流动的影响;说明了石墨/水纳米流体及Fe3O4/水纳米流体导热系数和对流换热系数测量实验的原理及结果,并对结果进行了分析,实验结果表明纳米流体强化了传热.     

纳米流体在微通道换热中的研究进展

随着微尺度应用需求日益增长,纳米流体与微通道分别作为强化传热流动介质与强化传热结构获得学者们的广泛关注。主要概述了纳米流体的制备方法与稳定性,以纳米颗粒及基液类型、纳米颗粒的浓度、粒径以及强化传热机理为类别,综述了纳米流体在不同结构微通道中传热与流动性能的研究进展。通过分析已发表的研究成果,总结了纳米流体在微通道换热中的研究难点,提出了研究纳米流体在微通道中流动与传热特性的主要方向。     

C型混沌结构中传热强化的数值分析

随着对强化传热的广泛重视与研究,利用混沌对流来强化传热的新技术得到了关注.利用CFD软件Fluent对C型混沌结构内的流体流动与传热进行数值模拟,对比了C型混沌结构与普通平直结构在流体流动场、温度场分布和传热特性等细观信息,分析了C型混沌结构的强化传热性能及特点.分析结果表明,C型混沌结构使流体在较小速度下产生混沌对流,这种流态增加了流体的扰动与湍动,增大主流区或近壁处流动的混合,强化了流道内的传热,使流道横截面上的温度分布均匀化;混沌对流内的传热Nu数和Po数(即fRe值)不再象普通层流为一定值,而随Re数的增大而增大.     

板式换热器性能的数值模拟

建立了人字形板式换热器冷热双流道的流体流动与传热计算模型,利用计算流体力学软件对5组不同速度工况下换热器内流体的流动和传热进行了数值模拟,分析了换热器流道内的速度场、温度场和压力场.结果表明:数值模拟得到的板式换热器进、出口温差和压降与试验测量值的误差均小于6%;换热器内流体的流动和传热存在明显的不均匀性,导致其进、出口的另一侧出现明显的传热"死区";换热器的总传热系数和流道阻力均随着流体流速的增大而增大.     

新型不锈钢波纹管性能及强化传热的实验研究

新型不锈钢钢波纹管是经特殊工艺胀波凸起成型为多层波纹管,管内流动呈等直径流束型式和弧形流束型式,使流速和压力周期性的变化,冷热流体产生强烈扰动,实现了复合强化换热。文中对该波纹管进行了承压能力试验,并在水-水换热条件下,对波纹管强化换热规律进行了实验研究,分析了新型波纹管的强化传热机理,并给出该管的优化尺寸范围,为波纹管在换热器中的应用提供了理论依据。     

自转清洗扭带管对流传热强化机理的实验研究

具有传热强化功能的自转螺旋扭带清洗防垢技术发展较快。应用激光测速仪LDV(Laser Doppler Velocimeter)实验研究自转清洗扭带管内流体的湍流特性。结果表明：在自转扭带竹带动下,管内流体的流动结构发生了反常态的变化。在近管壁环形区域内流体的轴向分速度明显比管中心区域的高,轴向湍流度比无白转扭带时大;切向分速度随半径的增大而增大,并且存在很大的径向湍流度。这些结果初步说明了自转螺旋扭带管对流传热强化的机理是：管内由扭带带动形成的强制旋流和轴向平行流叠加而形成的螺旋流动,以及近管壁环形区域内流速的增大,不仅加强了边界层流体的扰动以及边界层流体与主流流体的混合,并且使边界层厚度减簿,从而才使管内的对流传热得以强化。本文试验研究的结果为自转螺旋扭带管内对流传热强化机理的深入理论研究提供实验基础。     

热能储存过程的热经济学性能评价

从以热力学第二定律为基础的热经济学角度出发,对一个湿热热能储存过程进行了热经济分析,并提出了一个评价热能储存过程热经济生性能的指标－储存单位热能的净收益,讨论了传热单元数,无因次充热时间以及加热气流和被加热液体的热容量之比等参数对其性的影响,结果表明,对热能储存过程存在一最佳的传热单元数和无因次充热时间,在传热单元数较大时,还存在一最佳的加热气流与被加热液休的热容量之比。     

Investigation on the effect of filling ratio on the steady-state heat transfer performance of a vertical two-phase closed thermosyphon

Filling ratio of the working fluid has a predominant effect on the heat transfer characteristics of a two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT). A comprehensive model is developed to investigate the effect of filling ratio on the steady-state heat transfer performance of a vertical TPCT. Three types of flow pattern and two types of transition, according to the distribution of liquid film and liquid pool, are considered in this model, while other models generally focus on only one or two types of them. The total heat transfer rate of liquid pool, including those of natural convection and nucleate boiling, is calculated by combination of their effective areas and heat transfer coefficients. New correlations of the effective area are proposed based on the experimental results from other study. Two different geometries of the TPCT with nitrogen as working fluid are performed experimentally, and the evaporator temperatures accord well with the theoretical calculation. And the calculated results are compared with those by other empirical heat transfer correlations for liquid pool. The range of filling ratio, which can keep a TPCT steady and effective, is proposed based on analysis and comparison. The effects of heat input, operating pressure and geometries of the TPCT on the range are also discussed.     

水平窄空间沸腾换热的数理模型研究

窄空间只有在间距小于汽泡脱离直径时，对沸腾传热强化才有比较显的效果。窄空间沸腾强化传热的机理在于较大的泡底微层加速了蒸发传热和窄空间中被加热的液体周期性地与池液进行容积交换。水平圆盘窄空间中的汽泡生长分为性质完全不同的自由生长期和抑制长大期；在一个周期内，加热面的总传热量等于壁面传导给窄空间液体的热量与通过合体泡底微层蒸发潜热之和。在对圆形水平窄空间的沸腾传热的现象和机理进行分析的基础上，提出了窄空间的沸腾换热过程的数理模型；进而对窄空间沸腾的本质规律在理论上进行了初步探索，并得到分析解。理论计算结果与实验数据比较表明，该分析解适合于中低壁面过热度的情形。由于问题的复杂性，该模型仍需不断完善。     

A Liquid Crystal “Heat Switch”∗

A novel method of controlling heat flow from a surface is discussed. The method employs a nematic liquid crystal. A convective motion of the liquid crystal can be induced by subjecting it to either an AC or DC electric field. If the liquid crystal is used to transfer heat between two surfaces, the heat transfer rate can be controlled by varying the electric field strength. It is shown that the heat transfer rate through a thin layer of the liquid crystal can be increased by 25 limes when an electric field is present. This paper briefly discusses the physical phenomena that induce the convective motion in the liquid crystal due to the electric field. Experiments to determine the effects of field strength and gap distance on the enhancement of the heat transfer rate are discussed. An abrupt change in the rate of increase of the heat transfer rate with increasing voltage was found and is believed to be caused by a change in the fluid flow structure. This “heat switch” may find applications in aerospace and electronics cooling situations in which heat must be removed from a surface periodically while at other times the surface must remain insulated.     

自由表面摩擦和蒸发对过冷下降液膜传热的影响

从理论上对下降液膜在自由表面上存在反向剪切力和蒸发散热情况下的换热特性进行了分析,得到了膜厚、换热系数的无量纲关系式,讨论了剪切力、液膜雷诺数、壁面热流、蒸发率对流动和传热的影响。     

Conjugate numerical analysis of flow and heat transfer with phase change in a miniature flat plate CPL evaporator

Two-dimensional numerical model for the global evaporator of miniature flat plate capillary pumped loop (CPL) is developed to describe heat and mass transfer with phase change in the porous wick, liquid flow and heat transfer in the compensation cavity and heat transfer in the vapor grooves and metallic wall. The governing equations for different zones are solved as a conjugate problem. The side wall effect heat transfer limit is introduced to estimate the heat transport capability of evaporator. The influences of liquid subcooling, wick material, metallic wall material and non-uniform heat flux on the evaporator performance are discussed in detail.     

The influence of bubbly flow on boiling from a tube in a bundle

The forms of bubbly flow occurring within a tube bundle are discussed and the boiling process in the bundle is notionally divided into mechanisms due to liquid forced convection, sliding bubbles and nucleation. A novel experimental analysis of heat transfer from a tube in a bundle indicates the predominance of the sliding bubble part. There is a virtual absence of nucleation in a bundle except at the lowest tubes indicating that, once enough bubbles have been produced, the other mechanisms are sufficient to transfer the heat from the tubes.     

Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Liquid Nitrogen in Mini-/Microchannels

Flow and heat transfer of liquid nitrogen in mini-/microchannels have many particular characteristics and are very important for many cooling applications. In this study, the investigation of flow and heat transfer characteristics of liquid nitrogen in mini-/microchannels is presented by summarizing the experimental studies carried out in the author's group. In addition, some recent results about flow and heat transfer of liquid nitrogen in microchannel heat sink are also presented. It is found that small viscosity of liquid nitrogen enables the single-phase liquid flow in mini-/microchannels to be turbulent state, which proves that the classical theory for pressure drop is still valid if the surface roughness of the passage is properly taken into consideration. Experiments of flow boiling of liquid nitrogen are conducted under both adiabatic and diabatic conditions. It is shown that confinement number can be applicable in classifying the heat transfer characteristics of liquid nitrogen in macro- and microchannels. Flow visualization in microchannels at low temperatures poses big challenges on experimental aspects, which have been subtly overcome and clear images have been obtained. The flow patterns and flow regimes of two-phase flow of liquid nitrogen exhibit different features from the room-temperature fluids. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) flow visualization by only one high-speed camera is conducted to obtain more detailed information of flow patterns. Finally, the experiments of flow boiling of liquid nitrogen in microchannel heat sink are also presented and discussed.     

Heat transfer performance of a double-loop separate-type heat pipe: Measurement results

An experimental study is presented for the heat transfer performance of a rectangular double-loop natural circulation system, in which the condensers are made of double tubes with water-steam as the working fluid. Detailed temperature measurements of the core fluid and the wall are made, from which overall heat transfer coefficients for the evaporator, condensers, and entire system are obtained. Parametric studies of the liquid charge level, fluid properties, and heating or cooling conditions on the heat transfer performance are presented and correlation equations are given. The results show that the overall heat transfer coefficients for the evaporator, condensers, and entire loop are all increasing with decreasing liquid charge level. Overhead phenomena at low liquid charge level and thermal oscillation at some situations are also observed and discussed.     

壳管式相变储能换热器性能研究与场协同效应分析

建立壳管式相变储能换热器仿真模型,利用Fluent软件对蓄能、释能工况分别进行模拟。从温度场、速度场、固液交界面3个方面分析逐时换热强度的变化原因;探讨在蓄热过程中热源管壁温、热管口径规格对传热效率的影响。研究结果表明:蓄热工况下管间热扰及自然对流作用明显,10000 s时液相分数达到95%。放热工况以导热为主,60000 s时相变材料仅凝固了75%。从场协同效应分析,采用小尺寸热源管能缩短时间,但单位面积换热强度有明显下降。换热温差≤20℃时,其强化效果开始衰弱。