铸件凝固过程微观组织模拟新动态

概述了铸件微观组织模拟的几种典型研究方法,着重介绍了用于定向凝固的微观组织模拟方法--三维枝晶包膜跟踪法,同时分析了当前微观组织模拟研究面临的问题.     

DZ125高温合金定向凝固微观组织的CA法模拟

采用伪二元相图法对DZ125多元合金进行了简化,并用二维Cellular Automaton(CA)法模拟了合金定向凝固微观组织.通过采用不均匀连续形核模型,在考虑到枝晶生长动力学的基础上,模拟了不同抽拉速度下合金定向凝固组织形貌,枝晶界面形态以及一次枝晶间距的变化,说明树枝晶竞争生长中存在"分枝"与"淹没"的机制;并且随凝固速率的增加,合金凝固组织从分枝较少的胞状树枝晶向分枝发达的树枝晶转变.模拟的一次枝晶间距从凝固速率为50 μm/s时的132 μm减少到凝固速率为500 μm/s时的69 μm.模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好.     

相场法模拟凝固微观组织演化研究进展

相场法是凝固组织模拟中最有潜力的方法之一,近年来已成为凝固领域研究的热点.本文论述了相场法模拟凝固微观组织的原理,并分别介绍了无流动和流动条件下相场法模拟自由枝晶、定向凝固界面及小平面枝晶在国内外的研究进展,指出了进一步的研究方向.     

用Cellular Automaton模型方法模拟二元合金枝晶生长

研究并针对Cellular Automaton凝固组织模拟方法模型的物理本质、数值计算方法以及在凝固微观组织模拟中的应用进行了探索.并利用CellularAutomaton凝固组织模拟方法,求解了Al-4.5%Cu等轴晶枝晶生长.     

Ti14Cu合金的定向凝固组织及相研究

研究了100、500、1000μm/s三种抽拉速率下Ti14Cu合金的定向凝固组织演变,通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察微观形貌,通过X射线衍射仪测定定向凝固组织中的相。结果表明,随着抽拉速率的提高,柱状晶组织变细且数量增多,枝晶间距减小而枝晶间隙的第二相析出物量增加。当合金成分及温度梯度一定时,二次枝晶间距与抽拉速率成反比。二次枝晶间距的Furer-Wunderlin模拟结果与试验测定的数据相吻合。     

枝晶生长的三维元胞自动机模拟

通过将元胞自动机和有限差分方法相耦合,建立了立方体系金属和合金枝晶生长的三维模型.应用该模型,模拟了Al-Cu合金过冷熔体中自由枝晶的生长和定向凝固条件下Al-Cu合金凝固组织演变过程.模拟结果清楚展现了过冷熔体中自由枝晶的生长过程和定向凝固过程中枝晶的形成与淹没,与理论预测和实验结果相吻合,表明所发展的模型能够较准确...     

定向凝固Al-4.5%Cu合金枝晶组织与抽拉速率的关系

用自制下拉式定向凝固设备,在一定的温度梯度下,在20-220μm/s的抽拉速率范围制备定向凝固Al-4.5%Cu合金,并对其微观组织、特别是一次枝晶间距随抽拉速率的变化规律进行研究。结果表明：定向凝固微观组织随抽拉速率的增大呈细化趋势,其一次枝晶间距减小;当抽拉速率小于100μm/s时,枝晶间距随抽拉速率而减小的幅度较大;当抽拉速率大于100μm/s时,枝晶间距减小幅度较为平缓。在综合分析抽拉速率、界面生长速率、温度梯度等影响因素的基础上,推导出界面局域平衡条件下预测定向凝固次枝晶间距的理论模型,该模型能够较为准确地反映定向凝固一次枝晶间距随抽拉速率在100-220μm/s范围的变化规律,为定向凝固工艺获得特定组织而预先选配合适的工艺参数提供理论参考。     

基于一种改进CA模型的微观组织模拟

基于热传输、溶质传输等基本传输过程及晶粒生长物理过程,建立了单相合金凝固过程微观组织及枝晶形貌演化的三维数学模型,并提出了新的生长模型和单元捕获规则,新规则在三维立方有限差分单元的基础上保证了晶粒在各个随机的优先生长方向生长时的枝晶连续性,并较好的在三维立方网格中体现出了晶粒形貌.此外,模型中考虑了成分过冷、曲率过冷和晶粒随机各向异性生长等重要因素.数值模拟结果表明,所建立的数学模型能够合理描述晶粒沿任意角度生长的过程,温度场、溶质场和微观组织形貌的模拟计算结果合理.多晶核定向生长模拟结果表明,多晶核定向竞争生长达到稳定状态时,枝晶间的一次枝晶臂间距与初始形核数目无关.所建立的模型和晶粒捕获规则适用于进一步定向凝固微观组织演化的研究.     

晶体生长速率对定向凝固Al-4.5%Cu合金一次枝晶间距的影响

采用定向凝固方法,研究了晶体生长速率对定向凝Al-4.5%Cu合金一次枝晶间距的影响.试验结果表明,晶体生长速率对定向凝固Al-4.5%Cu合金枝晶组织影响非常显著.生长速率较低时,获得的组织为粗大的树枝晶,一次和二次枝晶都比较发达,定向凝固组织特征不明显;晶体生长速率为60 μm/s以上时,定向凝固组织特征明显显现出来;随着晶体生长速率的进一步提高,枝晶细化,枝晶间距明显减小;晶体生长率为123μm/s时,此时测得一次枝晶间距值(104.7μm)和Hunt模型的计算值(98.8 μm)能比较好的吻合.     

Cu含量对Al-Cu合金定向凝固组织及一次枝晶间距影响

选用Al-Cu合金进行定向凝固试验,对不同铜含量的Al-Cu合金一次枝晶微观组织形貌进行分析,并测定了一次枝晶间距.实验结果表明:在铜含量较低时,适当增加铜含量能促进枝晶生长的规整性;当含铜量为1.77％时,定向凝固组织并不明显.随着含铜量的增加,可观察到较为细小的一次枝晶组织,一次枝干呈平行生长趋势,且枝干间距较均匀,二次枝晶呈点状分布在一次枝干上.当试样铜含量从1.77％增加到3.00％时,一次枝晶间距逐步增大,但枝晶间距增加幅度较小;当铜含量较小时,试样铜含量对枝晶间距的影响不明显.     

合金过冷熔体中枝晶生长的相场法研究进展

相场法作为一种模拟晶粒长大的有效方法,是目前国内外研究的热点。对铸件的凝固组织进行数值模拟,有利于深入理解凝固组织形成机制,预测铸件的凝固微观组织,优化铸件的工艺。概述了目前国内外三维晶粒微观组织数值模拟的研究进展、相关基本原理和模型,以及在模拟过程中常用的计算方法,提出了相场模型在微观组织模拟中存在的主要问题以及今后的发展方向。     

浅析铸造过程模拟仿真技术

经过几十年的发展，铸造过程数值模拟技术取得了巨大进步，对实际生产产生了重要作用。介绍了铸造过程数值模拟的研究方向及其基本理论，例如，充型过程数值模拟、凝固过程数值模拟、应力场数值模拟、微观组织的数值模拟以及模拟技术发展趋势。     

Advances in multi-scale modeling of solidification and casting processes

The development of the aviation, energy and automobile industries requires an advanced integrated product/process R&D systems which could optimize the product and the process design as well. Integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) is a promising approach to fulfill this requirement and make the product and process development efficient, economic, and environmentally friendly. Advances in multi-scale modeling of solidification and casting processes, including mathematical models as well as engineering applications are presented in the paper. Dendrite morphology of magnesium and aluminum alloy of solidification process by using phase field and cellular automaton methods, mathematical models of segregation of large steel ingot, and microstructure models of unidirectionally solidified turbine blade casting are studied and discussed. In addition, some engineering case studies, including microstructure simulation of aluminum casting for automobile industry, segregation of large steel ingot for energy industry, and microstructure simulation of unidirectionally solidified turbine blade castings for aviation industry are discussed.     

Numerical simulation and experimental study for rheo-forged component using direct and indirect die system

Sand casting and die casting processes have been used widely for complex automotive products such as knuckle, arm, etc. Usually, a part fabricated by casting has limited strength due to manufacturing defects such as the dendrite structure, segregation and porosities. As an attempt to offer a solution to these problems, forging has been used as an alternative process. However, the forging process provides limited formability for complex shape products. Rheo-forging of metal offers not only superior mechanical strength but also requires significantly lower machine loads than solid forming processes. In order to produce semi-solid materials of the desired microstructure, a stirring process is applied during solidification of molten metal. The results of an A356 aluminum alloy sample, which are obtained by experiment and by simulation using DEFORM 3D, are present.     

1.5MW风力发电设备用轮毂铸造工艺优化设计

铸造凝固模拟软件作为一种有效的铸造工艺设计和优化工具,在铸造行业中得到了广泛的应用.采用Pro/E维造型软件造型,应用铸造CAE软件完成了对1.5MW风力轮毂铸造过程的计算机数值模拟,基于模拟结果,优化了铸造工艺,指导铸件的实际生产.     

连续铸造凝固过程数值模拟的研究进展

介绍连续铸造凝固过程数值模拟的研究内容，包括连续铸造结晶器区的流场、温度场数值模拟和流场、温度场、浓度场三场耦合数值模拟以及新型连铸技术数值模拟的研究概况，提出连续铸造数值模拟的发展方向。     

Modeling of alloy casting solidification

Alloy casting solidification processes involve many physical phenomena such as chemistry variation, phase transformation, heat transfer, fluid flow, microstructure evolution, and mechanical stress.1 Simulation technologies are applied extensively in casting industries to understand the effects of these phenomena on the formation of defects and on the final mechanical properties of the castings. As of today, defect prediction is still one of the main purposes for casting solidification simulation. In this paper, we will first present the commonly used microstructure simulation methods, then discuss the predictions of the major defects of a casting, such as porosity, hot tearing, and macrosegregation. The modeling of casting solidification can be chained with later stages of heat treatment such that the resultant microstructure, defects, and mechanical state will be used as the initial conditions of the subsequent processes, ensuring the tracking of the component history and maintaining a high level of accuracy across metallurgical stages.     

1.5MW风力发电机组轮毂球墨铸铁件的浇注系统设计

为了解决1.5 MW风力发电机组轮毂球墨铸铁件在铸造过程中容易产生缩松缩孔缺陷的问题,采用计算机数值模拟技术对轮毂的浇注系统进行优化设计分析。研究了轮毂球墨铸铁件的凝固特点,明确了铸件产生缺陷的原因,利用三维造型软件和铸造模拟软件对风力发电机轮毂铸件凝固过程的温度场进行模拟,得出了铸造风机轮毂的优化工艺方案。模拟结果显示,优化工艺可以明显地改善风机轮毂在铸造过程中产生的缩孔缺陷。     

灰铸铁缸体珠光体含量偏低原因分析与改进

介绍对WD615气缸体铸件本体金相组织所进行的研究.为分析铸件某些薄壁部位珠光体含量比厚壁部位低的原因,采用了铸造凝固模拟技术,对不同合金元素改善金相组织的作用进行了对比,结果发现：加锡合金化能较有效地增加珠光体含量.     

Heat transfer and solidification microstructure evolution of continuously cast steel by non-steady physical simulation

The heat transfer and solidification microstructure evolution during continuous casting were experimentally studied in this work. A new approach to physically simulate the steel solidification behavior during continuous casting was developed. Six steel grades with different solidification mode were introduced to elucidate the carbon equivalent dependent mold heat flux, prior austenite grain size and secondary dendrite arm spacing. It is found that the non-steady mold heat fluxes in the experiment against time for all steel grades are comparative to that versus distance in practical continuous casting. Due to the occurrence of L→L+δ→δ+γ→γ transformation with the largest amount of volume contraction in hypo-peritectic steel, it shows the lowest mold heat flux among these six steel grades. It is also demonstrated from the solidification microstructure results that the prior austenite grain size and secondary dendrite arm spacing in the physical simulation are in good agreement with those in continuously cast strand. In addition, the steel with a higher temperature for the onset of δ→γ transformation reveals the larger prior austenite grains resulted from the higher grains growth rate in the post solidification process.