In Situ Monitoring of Thermally Cycled Metal Matrix Composites by Neutron Diffraction and Laser Extensometry

A novel stroboscopic neutron diffraction data collection system has beendeveloped. In combination with scanning laser extensometry this has beenused to investigate the thermal cycling behaviour of SiC short fibrereinforced Al matrix composites. Three-dimensional unit cell finite elementmodels have been produced, incorporating matrix deformation both by creepand plasticity. Comparison of the experimental results with modelpredictions has allowed conclusions to be drawn about the deformationprocesses which dominate at different parts of the thermal cycle.     

On the axial and interfacial shear stresses due to thermal mismatch in hybrid composite sheets

A simple analytical model has been developed which allows the determination of the axial and the interfacial shear stresses which can occur in hybrid fiber composites as a consequence of the mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion and Young's modulus. The configuration considered is a finite-width hybrid composite monolayer with alternating high- and low-modulus fibers. To account properly for the interfacial shear between fiber and matrix, a modified shear-lag model is used which permits extensional deformation due to thermal expansion of the matrix in the fiber direction. Typical stresses due solely to temperature changes are calculated, and these show steep boundary-layer edge stresses at free corners.     

正交各向异性材料结构热变形和热应力分析的无网格法计算模型及应用正交各向异性材料结构热变形和热应力分析的无网格法计算模型及应用

利用无网格伽辽金法（Element-free Galerkin,EFG）建立了正交各向异性材料结构热变形和热应力分析的计算模型,并推导了正交各向异性材料结构热弹性问题的EFG法离散控制方程。选择复合材料冷却栅管算例验证了计算模型和程序的正确性,利用该计算模型分析了具有不同材料方向角及热导率因子、热膨胀系数因子和主次泊松比因子的汽轮机叶轮,得到了其热变形总位移和Mises应力,讨论了材料方向角和上述正交各向异性材料因子对其热变形总位移和Mises应力的影响规律,给出了这些参数的合理取值范围,并选取一组参数与各向同性材料结构进行了热变形和热应力对比分析。结果表明,基于EFG法的热变形总位移和Mises应力的计算精度比有限元法高,材料方向角同时影响热变形总位移和Mises应力的大小和方向,而正交各向异性材料因子只影响热变形总位移和Mises应力的大小,不影响其方向。在复合材料结构设计过程中,合理选取材料方向角和正交各向异性材料因子可有效减小结构热变形和热应力。      

Influence of thermal residual stresses on the composite macroscopic behavior

The influence of the thermal residual stress on the deformation behavior of a composite has been analyzed with a new micromechanical method. The method is based on secant moduli approximation and a new homogenized effective stress to characterize the plastic state of the matrix. It is found that the generated thermal residual stresses after cooling and their influence on the subsequent deformation behavior depends significantly on the aspect ratio of the inclusions. With prolate inclusions, the presence of thermal residual stresses generate a higher compressive hardening curves of the composite, but it is reversed with oblate inclusions. For particle reinforced composite, thermal residual stresses induce a tensile hardening curve higher than the compressive one and this is in agreement with experimental observations.     

6061Al／SiC层合复合材料在交变温度场作用下热应力的有限元分析

对 60 61Al/ Si C层合复合材料在交变温度场作用下的热应力进行数值分析。采用ANSYS有限元分析软件中的结构单元 ,将金属铝视为弹塑性材料 ,且采用 Mises随动强化塑性模型 ,同时计及温度对材料性能的影响 ,计算了不同温度下的残余塑性变形和热应力 ,并给出了2 0 5℃至 2 0℃交变温度场作用下的残余热应力循环曲线 ,数值计算结果与实验数据复合较好。本文的研究工作为该复合材料的疲劳寿命的预报提供良好的理论基础。     

热流温度场下功能梯度板的热问题研究

功能梯度材料因其内部组分沿着空间位置连续变化,能有效缓解热应力集中等现象,在高超音速飞行器的热防护系统设计中具有良好的应用前景.以金属-陶瓷功能梯度板为研究对象,探讨在不同热环境下功能梯度板热传导、热变形和热应力的变化规律.首先,基于功能梯度材料的幂律分布模型,分析了线性温度场、正弦温度场、热流温度场和非线性温度场四种...     

用热弯实验方法决定导电薄膜的热膨胀系数

研究了热-力载荷下薄膜/基板复合梁的弯曲问题,导出了薄膜的热膨胀系数与试样表面的温度和变形之间的关系式;提出一种测量导电薄膜的热膨胀系数的方法,并用热弯实验测SnO₂膜的热膨胀系数。      

Thermal stability in high-Tc coil and magnet design by process control of Bi(Pb)-2223/Ag multifilamentary tapes

It has been found that the degree of thermal stability of Bi(Pb)-2223/Ag pancake-shaped coils at 77 K can be determined by controlling the amount of matrix and superconducting materials during processing. The intermediate deformation step between sintering stages has been found to be crucial in optimizing the performance of the processed composite tapes as well as governing the thermal stability of the subsequently made pancake-shaped coils. Results obtained from numerical analysis of the finite element method has shown that monolayer coils produced from Bi(Pb)-2223/Ag composite tapes are thermally very stable with high values of the fill factor. However, increasing the number of co-wound tapes would require either a reduction in the fill factor or an increase in cooling rate for thermal stability to be sustained as would otherwise be achieved with the metallurgically same single tape.     

莫来石纤维增强SiO_(2)气凝胶复合材料压缩回弹性能实验与建模研究EI北大核心CSCD

对莫来石纤维增强SiO_(2)气凝胶复合材料开展面外方向单轴压缩实验,研究不同极限应变、热暴露温度对压缩回弹行为与变形恢复能力的影响,基于微观结构形貌变化阐释内在机制,对加载和卸载阶段的变形行为建立唯像力学模型。结果表明:莫来石纤维增强SiO_(2)气凝胶复合材料的压缩回弹行为呈现非线性特征,极限应变越大,变形恢复能力越差;高温热暴露预处理会对压缩回弹性能产生影响,热暴露温度越高,变形恢复能力越差,基体颗粒-团簇结构的聚集、大尺寸孔洞的形成和塌陷是主要原因;所建立的唯像力学模型可以用来描述材料在压缩加载-卸载时的应力-应变曲线,拟合结果与实验数据吻合较好。     

树脂基材料的高温烧蚀变形

通过对树脂基材料高温热解反应过程中热化学烧蚀机理的分析,利用细观力学的Eshelby等效夹杂方法研究了材料高温烧蚀相变特性和热变形行为。假设材料体积烧蚀后,热解生成相介质统计均匀分布,考虑了热解反应产生的气孔与固体相介质之间的相互作用,预报了不同树脂基材料热膨胀系数与温度、加温速率之间的变化关系。与实验结果对照,吻合较好。     

石油醚对乳化炸药基质热分解动力学的影响

采用TG-DSC联用技术对混有石油醚的乳化基质样品的热分解动力学进行了研究,用Ozawa法和Satava-Sestak法对试验数据进行处理,得到各样品的动力学参数和机理函数.讨论了混入石油醚后乳化基质热分解动力学参数变化的原因,认为石油醚的加入会改变乳化基质的热分解动力学行为,具有促进乳化基质热分解的趋势.     

某600MW机组再热蒸汽冷段管道倾斜变形原因分析与处理

针对某电厂600MW机组试运期间发现的再热蒸汽冷段管道倾斜变形问题,通过管道热膨胀及支吊架状态的现场检查、管系静力计算分析,找出了管道倾斜变形的原因,提出了有效的处理措施。管道的倾斜变形主要是因为再热器入口集箱前冷段管道向下的热位移受阻造成,而支吊架设计不合理、载荷偏大是管道向下的热位移受阻的主要原因。     

金属基复合材料的热残余应力力学模型研究进展

金属基复合材料在高温制备的冷却过程中或热处理过程中由于组分间热膨胀系数（CTEs）的差异会产生较大的热残余应力，热残余应力对复合材料的宏观性能有着重要的影响。本文综述了分析金属基复合材料热残余应力的有限元模型和解析模型等理论模型，并指出有待深入研究的问题。     

高温处理对3D C/SiC复合材料热膨胀性能的影响

研究了不同高温处理前后3D C/SiC复合材料热膨胀系数(CTE)的变化规律,从材料内部热应力变化及结构改变的角度定性地分析了其变化机理。研究发现,3D C/SiC复合材料的热膨胀系数受界面热应力的影响,其变化规律是纤维和基体相互限制、相互竞争的结果;高温处理可提高材料的热稳定性,并通过改变界面热应力及材料内部结构,来影响材料热膨胀系数的变化规律;通过增加基体裂纹来降低复合材料的低温热膨胀,但不影响其变化规律;通过改变材料内部结构,使热应力发生变化并重新分布,对复合材料的高温热膨胀产生显著影响。但高温处理没有改变3D C/SiC复合材料的基体裂纹愈合温度(900℃)。      

FEM elasto-plastic analysis of a new manufacturing method for covering the free surface of unidirectional composites

Fiber/matrix debonding at the free surface of unidirectional composites deteriorates their performance and ultimately reduces the working life of these materials. Identifying the source, controlling the propagation and elimination of the damages has been the subject of many research attempts. The results show that the singular radial thermal residual stress at the fiber/matrix interface on the free surface of composites is the main reason for initiation of the debonding. Also, it has been experimentally and numerically proven that a thin layer of matrix-like cover on the free surface could highly help in elimination and/or reduction of the damage. However, the results were limited to the samples, which their free surface is covered during their production process. To extend the results to the pre-made composites, one should be able to deal with the existing free surface debondings and/or the residual thermal stresses. Here, in this study, a new manufacturing method for covering the free surface of metal matrix composites is suggested and it is numerically shown that elimination of the end effects before casting the covering materials on the free surface is necessary. Different manufacturing schemes are considered and numerically tested.     

Study of model polydiacetylene/epoxy composites

A model composite has been prepared consisting of a polydiacetylene single-crystal fibre in an epoxy resin matrix. The strain at points along the length of the fibre has been measured, using Raman spectroscopy, as a function of matrix strain and the post-cure temperature of the matrix. Good quantitative agreement has been found between the behaviour of the cold-cured system and the shear-lag model of Cox. The critical length of the fibres was measured as a function of fibre diameter and compared with recent calculations using finite difference methods. Higher post-cure temperatures have been shown to lead to compressive deformation of the fibres due to matrix shrinkage on cooling. The deformation is manifest as twinning, which disappears reversibly during tensile deformation. The amount of matrix shrinkage was determined by measuring the level of strain required to remove the twins. This was found to be in good agreement with the shrinkage determined from the linear thermal expansivity of the matrix.     

The influence of thermal residual stresses and thermal generated dislocation on the mechanical response of particulate-reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites

Due to thermal expansion mismatch between reinforcing particles and matrix, thermal induced dislocations are generated in metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) during cooling down from the processing temperature. These dislocations have been identified as an important strengthening mechanism in particulate-reinforced MMNCs. In this study, the development of thermal residual stresses and thermal induced dislocations in MMNCs are predicted using discrete dislocation simulation, assuming the whole material is under uniform temperature change. Shear deformation is applied after the composites are cooled down to room temperature and the influence of thermal residual stresses and thermal generated dislocation on the overall response of particulate-reinforced MMNCs are investigated. The results show that the thermal residual stresses are high enough to generate dislocations and the dislocation density is higher in the interfacial region than the rest of the matrix. The predicted mechanical behavior of the MMNCs matches the experimental results better when thermal residual stresses are included in the simulations.     

含分层损伤的复合材料格栅(AGS)板的非线性热屈曲分析

采用基于复合材料一阶剪切效应理论的有限元法分别研究了含分层损伤的复合材料层合光板、 单向加筋板和格栅加筋(AGS)板的热屈曲性态。在分析中考虑材料热物理性质与温度相关特性, 同时在分层前缘采用了位移约束条件以保证分层区域的各子板的变形相容要求。3种结构的典型算例分析和结果的比较表明, 复合材料格栅(AGS)板具有很强的抗热屈曲的能力, 但是, 分层损伤将使其临界温度降低, 同时还会导致热屈曲的模态发生改变。本文中提出的方法和所得结论对AGS结构的热承载能力预测和损伤容限设计将具有参考价值。      

SiC泡沫／Al双连续相复合材料连续性的研究

运用挤压铸造法制备了SiC泡沫／Al双连续性复合材料，研究了SiC泡沫、复合压力和合金成分对复合材料连续性的影响。结果表明，SiC泡沫陶瓷的加入阻碍了基体合金流动，降低了复合材料的连续性。随着复合压力的增加，复合材料的连续性逐渐增强，当压力为150MPa时，复合材料的连续性最好。随着含硅量的增加，基体合金的热膨胀系数逐渐降低，基体和增强体之间的热膨胀匹配增强，复合材料中残余应力降低，复合材料的连续性增强。     

BT20合金高温变形行为的研究

为实现BT20合金锻造的数值模拟和合理制定其热成形工艺参数,利用Thermecmastor-Z型热模拟试验机对该材料在热成形条件下的变形抗力进行了研究,考察了变形温度、应变速率及变形程度与变形抗力之间的关系,并利用冶金学方法对其进行了分析.结果表明,应变速率和变形温度的变化强烈影响着合金流变应力的大小,流变应力随变形温度升高而降低,随应变速率提高而增大.通过真实σ-ε曲线,回归出可综合反映锻造热力参数对材料成形性能影响的本构方程.