直流反应磁控溅射沉积a-C∶H薄膜的微结构和摩擦磨损行为

采用直流的反应磁控溅射技术,以高纯石墨为溅射靶材和CH4为反应气体,调节CH4流量,在p(100)单晶硅和不锈钢基底上成功制备出系列的含氢a-C∶H薄膜.利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、Raman光谱、纳米压痕仪、CSM划痕测试仪、摩擦磨损试验机等测试手段对所制备含氢a-C∶H薄膜的微结构、力学性能和摩擦磨损行为进行系统表征.结果表明:随着CH4流量的增加,含氢a-C∶H薄膜的致密度呈现出微弱的先增加后减小的趋势;薄膜的沉积速率随着CH4流量的增加逐渐增加,但增幅呈现出逐渐减小趋势;随着CH4流量的增加,薄膜中sp3杂化键含量及其纳米硬度和杨氏模量也呈现出先增加后减小的规律;摩擦实验结果表明当CH4流量为8 sccm,所制备的含氢a-C∶H薄膜的摩擦学性能最佳,摩擦系数为0.20,磨损率为6.48×10-mm3/(N·m).     

高纯纳米无定形硼粉的制备研究

本文采用等离子体技术制备了高纯纳米无定形硼粉, 对不同氢气与 BCl3 气体流量比例、 反应气体总流量 及冷却气流量等工艺参数对纯度、 粒度及晶型的影响进行了探究。 结果表明, 在一定范围内, 硼粉纯度随着 H2 通入量在 BCl3、 H2 通入量比例中的上升而增加, 硼粉粒度随着反应气体（BCl3 和 H2） 总通入量和冷却气流量的 上升而下降, 硼粉晶型随着冷却气流量的上升从晶体硼逐渐转变为无定形硼。 通过上述影响规律, 确定 BCl3、 H2 通入量比例 1:4、 反应气体总通入量 2.25 m3/h、 冷却气流量 0.9 m3/h 为较优工艺参数, 通过确定的较优工艺参数制 备高纯纳米无定形硼粉, 获得了纯度高达 99.97 wt.%、 主粒径 30~100 nm、 平均粒径 51.06 nm 的硼粉。     

催化热解聚丙烯塑料制备纳米碳管

以聚丙烯母粒为原料,纳米镍粉为催化剂,催化热分解法制备了碳纳米管。应用X—射线衍射、透射电镜对制备的纳米碳管进行了粒度测定、形貌观察。纳米碳管为丝状缠绕在一起,直径在20~30 nm之间,纳米碳管的d002值为0.338,具有较高的可石墨化度。应用热重分析方法准确测定了纳米碳管和无定形碳等碳杂质分离的煅烧温度。本实验得到的纳米碳管在600~730℃区间相对稳定,氧化温度大于730℃,则纳米碳管被氧化。     

纳米碳管增强金属基复合材料

瑞士采用粉末冶金技术制造出纳米碳管增强的轻金属基复合材料。在固定床流动反应器中让乙炔催化分解，采用催化蒸汽沉积法制造多层纳米碳管。杨氏模量高达1．2TPa的纳米碳管是极高强度的增强纤维。这种金属基复合材料的基础粉为镁粉，纯度99．8％，平均粒度38μm。其制造工艺是，Mg-2％(质量分数)纳米碳管干混4h，放入石墨模中，在600℃、     

焦炉煤气自重整炉气成分与温度变化规律研究

 通过CH4 H2 CO H2O CO2 O2煤气体系的热力学模拟计算,对焦炉煤气自重整技术进行了研究。结果表明：高温、高CH4含量以及低压有利于焦炉煤气自重整。在配氧量14％,反应温度850～900 ℃,体系压力为0.3 MPa的条件下,对焦炉煤气进行自重整,则还原气平衡态组分中的氢气的体积分数可由60.0％提高到71.5％,CO体积分数可由8.0％提高到23.1％;气体的还原势为97.2％,还原气体总量约增加33％。     

工业炉窑使用工业煤气代替燃油具有环保及经济意义

工业煤气是块煤在发生炉内自上而下移动的过程中与由下而上的逆向气化剂（宅气＋水蒸气）相接触。在高温下通过传热和传质。进行一系列物理化学反应，生成CO、H2、CH4、CmHn等可燃气体和CO2、N2、O2、H2O等不可燃气体。再经过净化和冷却装置处理形成的。它适用陶瓷烧成窑。喷雾干燥塔，金属熔炼、加热及热处理炉，玻璃制品、无缝钢管加热回火炉作燃气。     

SnO2纳米材料制备技术的研究

从纳米微粒、纳米薄膜、纳米纤维的角度综述了SnO2纳米材料制备技术的研究进展，报道了一种制备纳米纤维的新方法——热爆合成法，讨论了用该方法制备纳米纤维的基本条件，并对用该方法制备出的SnO2纳米纤维进行了SEM和XRD分析。结果表明，SnO2纤维的直径约20～100nm，其X射线衍射谱与标准的SnO2衍射谱完全一致。用热爆合成法制备的SnO2纳米纤维，经过研磨还可以制成长度不同的纳米棒。这种材料尺寸均匀、无团聚、稳定性高、比表面积较大，与气体的接触面较大，有利于提高对气体的灵敏度，有望发展成较为理想的气敏、湿敏、压敏基体材料。     

空气导入法和充氮法在干熄焦中的合理应用

干熄焦循环气体主要含有N2,Hi、CO、CO2、O2、CH4等,其中H2、CO、CH4是可燃气体,O2是助燃气体。可燃气体的含量超标并达到一定程度,将影响到系统运行的安全性。通过空气导入和补充氮气的方法,可以降低可燃气体含量,达到安全运行要求。     

纳米碳管铝基复合材料组织与性能的研究

试验采用搅拌铸造法制备了纳米碳管增强铝基复合材料,对其显微组织、硬度、抗拉强度和电阻率进行了研究.结果表明:纳米碳管的加入能够细化复合材料晶粒,表面镀铜后可以抑制基体与增强体之间的界面反应,避免脆性碳化物的生成;复合材料的硬度和抗拉强度随着纳米碳管加入量的增加先增加后减小,纳米碳管的质量分数为1.0%时,达到最大值,与基体相比分别增加了34.8%和34.4%;纳米碳管的加入对基体的导电性影响不大.     

热丝辐射距离与甲烷浓度对CVD金刚石薄膜的影响

以H2和CH4作为反应气体,采用热丝化学气相沉积法(Hot filaments chemical vapor deposition,HFCVD),在WC-3%Co条状平板上制备金刚石薄膜,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼光谱(Raman)和洛氏硬度仪分析薄膜的形貌、结构、成分和附着性能,研究热丝辐...     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)