高炉炉身砌砖存在的问题及解决方案

分析了目前高炉炉身砌砖存在的问题，提出了多头螺旋，无错台砌筑方案。与普通砌法相比，不用合门砖，可提高内衬的施工速度和砌筑质量。     

铜精炼阳极炉用镁-铬耐火材料内衬的气相腐蚀

镁铬耐火材料是铜精炼阳极炉风口常用的耐火材料。除热化学和热机械损耗之外，内衬还要经受气相腐蚀损坏。这里介绍了在伊朗Sarcheshmeh制铜集团（complex）的阳极炉中气相腐蚀的研究结果。由XRD和SEM/EDX对用后的铬镁耐火砖进行了分析。结果表明：在温度约900℃时，耐火内衬因碳沉积而开始破坏。由于耐火材料中含有铁相而使耐火材料的气孔中碳沉淀更加严重。然而对于低铁的铬镁耐火内衬，这种腐蚀将是轻微的。对于尖晶石类耐火材料，未观察到内衬破坏。从实用和经济的观点对阳极炉内衬的上述结果进行了讨论。     

大型高炉维修用耐火喷补料

阐述了宝钢１号高炉内衬维修用耐火喷补料的试验研究情况。为保持１号高炉炉身与炉缸、炉底的寿命同步，对炉身上部采用定期热态遥控喷补技术，于１９９３年２月和１０月两次实施获得成功。     

大型高炉维修用耐火喷补料

阐述了宝钢１号高炉内衬维修用耐火喷补料的试验动究情况．为保持１号高炉炉身与炉缸、炉底的寿命同步，对炉身上部采用定期热态遥控喷补技术，于１９９３年２月和１０月两次实施获得成功。     

Production and performance of dense corundum refractories

Conclusions The production technology was developed and production was launched of dense superduty corundum refractories with mullite—corundum binder. The products proved to be highly durable in the lining of a channel type induction furnace at the Volga Automobile Plant.The refractories are used also for the masonry of the roof of the high-temperature glass furnaces used in the production of glass fiber and are suitable as lining material for in-vacuo steel refining installations and other high-temperature heat-using equipment.Deceased.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 17–18, July, 1978.     

热轧加热炉内步进梁及立柱耐火材料粘渣原因分析

分析了热轧加热炉内步进梁与立柱粘渣的原因,认为所用耐火材料荷重软化温度低、变形大是主要原因之一。从侵蚀结构分析看,氧化铝溶解进入炉衬的粘接渣相中,增加了渣的黏度,可能导致炉衬的严重挂渣,不利于生产的正常顺行。常规的加热炉耐火材料控制标准没有荷重软化温度等指标,不利于控制炉衬实物质量。     

Mathematical Model of Hearth and Bottom Erosion in Blast Furnace

Furnace lining erosion is closely related to the operation stability and safety. The detection technology for hearth lining thickness of blast furnace was introduced.By using the data of thermocouples installed in the bottom of furnace hearth,a mathematical model of erosion was established; the real state of the hearth and bottom erosion was studied; the erosion condition was followed,serving for the furnace longevity.     

高炉用Si3N4结合的SiC质耐火材料的氧化

通过称重方法和表面显微结构的观察,较系统地研究了高炉用Si_3N_4结合的SiC质耐火材料在空气、水蒸汽和不同CO/CO_2比的混合气相中的氧化过程,探讨了该材料的氧化动力学。本文针对高炉冷却设备漏水情况而设计的水蒸汽氧化及其模拟高炉冶炼环境而设计的不同CO/CO_2比混合气相中的氧化实验结果,为研究高炉用Si_3N_4结合的SiC质耐火材料的蚀损过程提供了一定的理论依据。     

CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL CHANGES IN STACK AND HEARTH REFRACTORIES OF A BLAST FURNACE*

Refractory samples removed from the lining of a blast furnace exhibiting normal behavior were analyzed for chemical and mineralogical changes. The changes observed in the lining of this furnace are discussed and their probable effect upon the refractory life is indicated; On the basis of the findings, suggestions are made regarding blastfurnace refractory practice.     

不定形耐火浇注料在我公司沸腾炉中的应用

硫酸生产中 ,沸腾炉耐火衬里传统采用耐火砖砌筑 ,施工和检修相对较麻烦 ,费用也较高。通过对不定形耐火浇注料的性能测试 ,在炉顶球拱采用高铝质超低水泥耐火浇注料使用成功的基础上 ,进而用于沸腾炉炉体内衬获得成功。介绍了炉顶球拱和炉体内衬采用不定形耐火浇注料的施工方法 ,认为该技术先进可靠、投资适中、经济适用 ,有广泛的应用前景     

喷射精炼过程炉衬侵蚀模拟研究──Ⅳ.从炉衬的机械冲蚀研究复吹转炉的合理炉型

在复吹转炉所受剪切应力和冲击应力分布的模型实验研究基础上，本文研究了不同炉型的炉衬所受剪切应力分布，为合理选用炉型提供依据.实验结果表明，底吹对延长转炉炉衬寿命有利，转炉下部形状的合理性可以减少流动死区和降低液面波动；还表明在复吹转炉内接近钢液面的炉衬所受侵蚀最为严重．在受损最严重的地方可以采用特殊材质的炉衬或使炉壁向上呈有扩张趋势的梨状炉型，来达到减少炉壁受侵蚀的速度.同时还讨论了转炉大小与底吹供气制度的关系问题并提出了最佳炉型的建议     

Autopsy of refractory lining in anode kilns with open and closed design

Aluminosilicate refractory lining constitutes a major part of anode baking kilns, and during anode baking the lining is exposed to harsh conditions which limits the lifetime. Here, autopsies of refractory linings from both an open and closed top furnace are reported aiming to determine the microstructural and mineralogical changes in the lining during operation. Significant variations in density and porosity were observed, both across the brick cross sections, but also for the vertical position in the lining. The chemical and mineralogical composition of the bricks were investigated by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Only minor changes in the mineralogical composition of the materials were observed, and sodium originating from green anodes was only observed to a minor degree. Evidence of silicon oxide transport from the lower to the upper part of the linings was observed, reflecting the changes in reducing-oxidizing conditions during an anode baking cycle. The main degradation mechanisms in these linings were due to densification of the material over time, particularly the uneven densification across a lining wall. The present findings are discussed and related to the main differences in the two furnace designs.     

Practice of application of refractory concrete in industrial furnaces

The Teploograzhdenie Research-and-Production Company has developed refractory concretes with service temperature of 1150–1650°C which have been successfully used as car bottom lining in tunnel furnaces, block lining of the hearth and lower parts of thermal furnace walls (together with the Termostal’ JSC), lining of roof panels of a continuous furnace, and burner stones. __________ Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 11, pp. 18–19, November, 2006.     

Machining the refractories and constructing the lining of equipment for the vacuum treatment of steel

Conclusions A section has been organized at the Magnezit Plant for the machining and checkout assembly of MKhVP and MKhV refractories for VTS equipment. The section is equipped with a column- and-knee type milling machine, surface grinders, and stands for the checkout assembly of the bottom and roof of the vacuum chamber and the hood cover.The masonry elements are shaped and a high quality of masonry work for the lining of VTS equipment is achieved by cutting and grinding the refractory bricks with diamond tools during a checkout assembly of the masonry. A total of 30–50% of the bricks used in the lining are machined in this manner.The tools are AOSK-type diamond disk saws for cutting and a face-plate built up of diamond-bearing bars for grinding the refractories. The bonding substances of the tools is a hard alloy (M50). The granularity and concentration of the diamonds are not significant factors in the machining productivity and the finish of the machined surface. The refractories are machined without a coolant feed in the cutting zone.An investigation was carried out of the principal cutting parameters for magnesia refractories. The conditions for dry-machining refractories with an AOSK-type diamond disk saw bonded with M50 are as follows (horizontal feed of the work to the tool): cutting speed, 46–50 m/sec; feed, 0.8 m/min; depth of cutting, 60 mm; productivity, 480 cm²/min; and diamond consumption, 10–12 carat/m².Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 17–24, July, 1977.     

RH炉关键部位用材的无铬化研究进展

简要介绍了RH炉的工作原理及各部位内衬用耐火材料,指出无铬化是RH炉内衬的最终发展方向。同时论述了国内外在这方面的研究进展并进行了总结。     

Change in lining construction for a blast furnace with a volume of 3000 m3 during first category major overhaul

Blast furnace No. 1 of OAO West-Siberia Metallurgical Combine was shut down for first category major overhaul on 06.15.2007. In putting out a tender for the choice of supplier of refractories for lining the blast furnace a mandatory condition was use of a “ceramic shell” and provision of a furnace operating life of not less than 20 years. Seven companies took part in the tender for the supply of lining refractories. The major overhaul of blast furnace No. 1 was carried out in a record short time, i.e. the period from the instant of shutdown to start-up was 107 days. Shortening of the repair time was promoted by use in the hearth (including the tuyere zone) of lining previously assembled and inspected by the supplier. Use of high quality refractory materials made it possible to increase the distance between the axes of the tap-holes and blast-furnace bottom to 2.4 m. Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 12–15, August 2008.     

Crust formation in the blast-furnace stack

Conclusions It was established that the crust forming on the lining of the blast-furnace stack can be divided into two genetic varieties, viz., mass-exchange and metallurgical crusts.The formation of a mass-exchange crust on the stack lining must be prevented by constructing the lining of high-density, thermally and chemically stable refractory minerals. At the same time it is advantageous to create conditions which favor the formation of a protective metallurgical crust on the surface of the lining.Translated from Ogneupory, No, 2, pp. 39–42, February, 1976.     

耐火纤维喷涂在常压炉衬里上的应用

通过耐火纤维喷涂在常压炉衬里上的成功应用,为加热炉衬里改造开拓了一条新路。     

Calculation of efficiency in the use of ceramic heat insulation in periodic furnaces

A calculation of the economic feasibility of applying fiber-ceramic heat insulation for hte lining of a periodic furnace at OAO Volgogradneftemash instead of ShA-1 fireclay refractory is presented. The advantages of a fiber-ceramic lining by comparison with unitary lining are indicated.     

陶瓷窑炉墙体新型砌筑方法与节能

辊道窑是陶瓷工业的新型窑炉,其具有很多优点。有利于实现烧成工序的机械化与自动化,是快速烧成较理想的窑炉,但由于辊子长度的限制。窑墙结构较薄;但无论窑炉多先进,耗热大还是陶瓷窑炉的重要课题。笔者曾对窑墙散热计算时发现。在不改变耐火材料及保温材料的厚度及种类。只改变耐火材料及保温材料的砌筑方法,得到不同保温性能,从而可进一步探讨改进辊道窑窑墙结构的方案。