多段式膜生物反应器高效处理高盐废水研究

接种活性污泥启动多段式膜生物反应器后,在培养过程中添加20%（质量分数）的富含耐盐菌的活性污泥加速其启动过程,并考察其挂膜效果。经过10 d的驯化后,反应器内MLSS基本稳定在5 000 mg/L左右,同时MLVSS/MLSS也基本稳定在0.55左右。结合反应器内EPS和PN/PS的变化,基本可认为反应器在短时间内成功启动。启动成功后的膜生物反应器在2%的盐度下对COD、TIN及TP的去除率可达到90%、95%和90%以上,对高盐废水表现出极强的耐受性。本工艺表现出较好的工程化应用前景,该研究也为高盐废水的生化处理提供了理论支持。     

膜生物反应技术处理造纸废水试验

本文初步研究了膜生物反应器在难降解的造纸废水中的处理效果,并与传统的活性污泥法和生物接触氧化法进行了对比,本文还进行了膜生物反应器曝气池中污泥浓度与CODCr去除率关系的研究。试验结果表明：在同样水质的条件下,膜生物反应器的处理效果明显好于普通的生物法。污泥浓度达6000mg／L以上时,膜生物反应器出水CODCr可降至100mg／L以下。而普通的生物法却无法达到这一数值。     

填料对一体式膜生物反应器运行效能的影响

进行了组合式膜生物反应器(CMBR)和一体式膜生物反应器(SMBR)处理生活污水的试验研究,以考察填料对处理效果的影响及减缓膜污染方面的作用。在稳定期,CMBR对COD的平均去除率为96.7%,SMBR为95.9%,对NH3—N的去除率分别为95.6%和94.9%,试验结果表明,填料的添加对反应器COD和NH3—N的去除效果影响不大,但能有效增强反应器对总氮的去除,去除率从54.5%提高到67.5%;经102 d连续运行,CMBR膜组件清洗次数少于SMBR,说明添加填料不仅提高了膜生物反应器(MBR)的处理效果,而且相对有效地减缓了膜阻力升高的速度;单位膜面积上胞外聚合物(EPS)的面密度与2个膜生物反应器过膜压力随运行时间的变化规律基本一致,CMBR和SMBR中膜阻力与单位膜面积上EPS的面密度正相关,证明EPS对膜污染有着重要的影响。     

生物铁-MBR处理生活污水的试验研究

为提高膜生物反应器的处理效果,在一体式膜生物反应器中加入氢氧化铁絮体,将生物铁法与一体式膜生物反应器相结合,提出了生物铁-MBR法。利用生物铁-MBR法处理模拟生活污水,并与普通MBR进行平行对比试验。结果表明,生物铁-MBR法在提高处理效果、改善污泥性能方面具有明显优势。与普通MBR相比,生物铁-MBR对CODCr、BOD5和NH3-N的去除效率分别高1.8%、0.7%和5.6%;生物铁-MBR污泥絮体疏松多孔、呈团粒状、菌胶团形状较大;脱氢酶活性波动较小,处理效果较稳定。     

一体式平片膜生物反应器处理抗生素废水研究

以抗生素发酵废水为处理对象,对一体式平片膜生物反应器在运行过程中膜的性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,膜的截留作用使反应器活性污泥的质量浓度达15g/L,CODCr去除率达到86%。运用RIS阻力模型对在线海绵擦洗的效果进行了初步研究,认为在线海绵擦洗对恢复膜通量和防止各种阻力因素的累积具有积极的实践意义。     

生物药剂应用于硫化物冲击的污水处理系统

工业废水处理中,污水处理系统经常受到硫化物冲击导致系统处理效率下降,使用生物药剂(生物促生剂Bio-energizer(BE),生物解毒剂Micatrol(MT))恢复受硫化物冲击的污水处理系统,结果表明:当硫化物冲击污水处理系统后,投加生物促生剂,生物解毒剂,在5d的时间内能够恢复污水处理系统,使COD和氨氮的去除效果恢复至正常水平,同时增强活性污泥的生物多样性、提高系统的抗冲击能力。     

无机膜-生物反应器处理啤酒废水及其膜清洗的试验研究

无机膜－生物反应器（ＩＭＢＲ）是９０年代兴起的一种废水生化处理的新技术。笔者介绍了无机膜－生物反应器用于啤酒废水的处理研究。采用好氧分置式膜生物反应器,膜组件是无机陶瓷膜,生物反应是活性污泥曝气池。     

生物药剂在煤化工废水处理中的应用

为改善受冲击的SBR池污泥活性和提高出水水质指标,在SBR池中投加生物促生剂、生物解毒剂。20 d的试验结果表明:投加生物药剂后,出水SS控制在150 mg/L以下,COD去除率平均值93%,提高了3%,氨氮去除率平均值97%,提高了2%。从工业应用可知,生物促生剂、生物解毒剂能增强活性污泥的活性和生物多样性,改善煤化工废水处理系统的出水水质和增强系统的抗冲击能力。     

污泥膨胀对膜生物反应器脱氮除磷效果的影响

膜生物反应器以其用膜取代常规活性污泥法中二沉池的突出优点迅速成为污水处理的新发展方向.研究了污泥膨胀时,膜生物反应器脱氮除磷的效果.分别对比了在正常情况下和污泥膨胀时,膜生物反应器对CODCr氨氮、TN、TP的去除率.试验结果表明:发生污泥膨胀后,对CODCr的去除率提高到96.51%,而对氨氮、TN、TP的去除率分别为75.9%、39.8%、19.7%,均有不同程度的下降.     

水处理中的膜生物反应器简介

生物反应器是以微生物细胞或酶作为催化剂或可产生催化剂 ,进行生化反应和转化的装置 ,膜生物反应器 ( MBR)则是膜与生物的结合产物 ,以实现微生物发酵 ,动植物细胞培养和生物催化转化等。膜生物反应器通常在常温和常压下进行生化反应 ,可使产物或副产物从反应区连续地分离出来 ,打破反应的平衡 ,从而可大大地提高反应转化率 ,增加产率或处理能力 ,过程能耗低、效率高。目前 ,水处理中的膜生物反应器多用于污水处理 (少量用于表面水 ) ,与传统的活性污泥法( CASP)比 ,由于膜反应器取代了二级澄清池 ,这可使污泥停留时间 ( SRT)和水力停…     

Removal of perfluorinated compounds by membrane bioreactor with powdered activated carbon (PAC): Adsorption onto sludge and PAC

The comparative study was conducted to investigate the performance and removal efficiencies of PFOS and PFOA in MBR and PAC-MBR. Solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by HPLC coupled with tandem MS (HPLC/MS/MS) was applied to quantitatively identify PFOS and PFOA in aqueous and sludge samples. Removal efficiencies of these two compounds were less than 7% in MBR, which suggest that MBR could not effectively remove PFCs due to their persistent in the activated sludge process. In contrast, removal efficiencies of 77.4% for PFOS and 67.7% for PFOA were observed in PAC-MBR with PAC dosage of 30 mg/L, indicating that adsorption of PFCs onto PAC plays an important role in their removal. Moreover, with the increase of PAC dosage from 30 mg/L to 100 mg/L in PAC-MBR, removal efficiency for PFOS or PFOA both increased to more than 90%. Mass balance of PFOS and PFOA was established to explore their removal mechanisms in MBR and PAC-MBR. Results show that PAC-MBR can effectively remove these two compounds in the wastewater by PAC adsorption, which was identified as the major removal mechanism. In MBR, adsorption onto activated sludge was the only mechanism for removal of PFCs.     

Comparison of removal of pharmaceuticals in MBR and activated sludge systems

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) nowadays attract serious attention for the treatment of municipal wastewater, due to recent technical innovations and drastic cost reductions of the employed membranes. Especially the high biomass concentrations and long sludge retention times are favorable for the biodegradation of organic pollutants, resulting in high rate treatment systems. These characteristic features of MBR technology are not merely advantageous for organic matter removal, but also likely promote a higher biodegradation efficiency of refractory organic pollutants. The increasing concern about the potential accumulation of micro-pollutants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, in the aquatic environment triggered many investigations into their biological degradation or fate in wastewater treatment systems. In this work a short overview is presented on the current knowledge of removal of pharmaceuticals in MBRs compared to their removal in conventional activated sludge treatment system. In general, for slowly degradable pharmaceuticals the removal in MBRs is better due to the relatively long sludge ages, which leads to the development of distinct microbial communities in MBRs compared to activated sludge plants. Nevertheless, from the literature results it could not be concluded that pharmaceutical removal in MBR reactors is better as many other factors have been indicated that may affect biodegradation rates, which are not directly related to the reactor configuration.     

不同污泥龄下MBBR-MBR和MBR的脱酚脱氮性能比较

通过平行运行MBBR-MBR和MBR,保持进水水质和其他操作条件相同的条件下,对比两个反应器在不同污泥龄下对NH3-N、COD、TN和间甲酚的降解效率,分析MBBR－MBR和MBR各自的脱酚脱氮性能。试验表明：不同污泥龄下MBBR—MBR的处理效率均。蒋于MBR。当污泥龄为8d时,MBBR－MBR对NH3-N的去除效率是MBR的2．4倍：当污泥龄为20d时,MBBR－MBR对NH3－N、TN、COD、间甲酚的去除效率分别为95．4％、82．6％、99．4％和99．6％。     

Performance evaluation of a submerged membrane bioreactor for the treatment of brackish oil and natural gas field produced water

Produced water, which is co-produced during oil and gas manufacturing, represents one of the largest sources of oily wastewaters. Therefore, treatment of this produced water may improve the economic viability and lead to a new source of water for beneficial use. In this study a submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been studied experimentally for the treatment of brackish oil and natural gas field produced water. This type of wastewater is also characterized with relatively moderate to high amount of salt, oil and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). However, the bacteria which are growing in conventional activated sludge and MBR cannot survive at these strict conditions, therefore acclimation of the bacteria is of vital importance. The performance of the biological system, membrane permeability, the rate and extent of TPH biodegradability have been investigated under different sludge age and F/M ratios. The results obtained by gas chromatography analyses showed that the MBR system could be very effective in the removal of TPH from produced water and a significant improvement in the effluent quality was achieved.     

管式膜MBR在印染废水处理工艺中的运行规律研究

以模拟印染废水为研究对象,探讨管式膜MBR在印染废水处理过程中的运行情况.试验结果表明,当MLSS质量浓度为8g·L~(-1)左右,HRT为8h时,管式膜MBR对COD的去除率为82%,对色度的去除率为80%.有机物的去除主要取决于生物反应的效果,膜的截留作用进一步强化了MBR对色度和COD的去除效果.污泥浓度对膜通量的整体衰减程度影响很小,但对初始膜通量的影响较大.     

复合式膜生物反应器强化脱氮除磷的实验研究

在传统好氧膜生物反应器(MBR)的基础上,结合厌氧/缺氧/好氧(A2/O)工艺开发了复合式A2/O膜生物反应器,并对其处理小区生活污水中的氮、磷等污染物的特性进行了研究。实验表明:在各自合适的条件下复合式A2/O膜生物反应器可保证化学需氧量(COD)的平均去除率达到90.17%,NH4+-N的去除率可达到92.32%,总氮(TN)平均去除率可达到72%,而总磷(TP)的平均去除率达到71.23%。     

污泥形态变化对膜生物反应器处理性能及膜污染的影响

通过对膜生物反应器(MBR)系统中污泥颗粒变化和处理模拟废水水质的监测,考察了污泥形态变化对MBR处理性能和膜污染的影响。结果表明:MBR中颗粒有保持均匀分布并缓慢减小的趋势,颗粒大小对COD去除有一定影响,对氮磷的去除影响甚微,但是会加速膜污染。     

软硬性填料对MBR处理效率和膜污染的影响

膜生物反应器（MBR）在污水处理领域的应用日益广泛,填料的投加对MBR污水处理效率和膜污染进程有一定的影响。本文分别向MBR中投加不同量的软性和硬性悬浮填料,研究了悬浮填料对MBR运行效率及膜污染的影响。结果表明,投加填料后MBR对COD、氨氮和总磷等污染物的处理效率有所提高,明显减缓了膜污染的进程。软性填料对MBR的改善效果优于硬性填料,投加20%的软性填料时,系统对COD、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别可达96.53%、98.21%和52.75%,系统运行30天时的膜污染情况比未投加填料的系统减缓了41.43%。通过对比发现软性填料能够为微生物提供更大的生存空间,提高反应器内的微生物量,从而提高MBR对污水的处理效率同时改善膜污染,是一种加强MBR系统的适宜填料,最佳投加量为反应器有效体积的20%。     

EM技术在MBR中的应用研究

实验采用投加EM菌强化的MBR工艺处理某印染厂排放废水,考察了强化MBR的处理效果和对活性污泥特性的影响,以及对膜过滤性能的影响。EM菌按0.5%的比例投入MBR,并启动反应器,在水温25℃,pH=7,水力停留时间12 h,溶解氧浓度3~5 mg/L的条件下运行60 d。实验表明,EM菌强化的MBR工艺对TOC的平均去除率高于未强化组20%,具有更好的出水水质。此外,EM菌的强化作用使活性污泥具有更好的生物活性和更大的粒径,同时在一定程度上缓解了膜污染。     

镁改性活性炭强化活性污泥处理混合污水研究

基于序批式活性污泥法(SBR)工艺,将镁盐改性活性炭(MgO-PAC)与传统活性炭(PAC)混合而成MPAC材料,用于处理生活与工业混合污水。通过连续30 d的运行实验,探讨了MPAC材料对生活与工业混合污水中COD、NH4^+-N和TP的去除效果以及对污泥的比耗氧速率、沉降性能和微生物多样性的影响。结果表明,投加MPAC材料对污水中COD的去除率提升了12.7百分点,对TP的去除率提升了17.5百分点,对NH4^+-N的去除率超过86.4%。投加MPAC后处理效果更好的重要原因,在于MPAC使得活性污泥的沉降性能和比耗氧速率得到明显改善,也提升了污泥的微生物丰度。MPAC对活性污泥处理生活与工业混合污水具有强化作用。