铝合金汽车前碰撞横梁拉弯成形回弹量的有限元模拟

基于LS-DYNA软件平台对6061-T6铝合金汽车前碰撞横梁拉弯成形过程中的回弹量进行了模拟;研究了预拉力、补拉力和摩擦因数对回弹量的影响,并对拉弯模具孤面进行修正以补偿回弹量,最后进行了试验验证。结果表明:预拉力的变化影响型材横截面内的应力分布情况,随着预拉力增大至型材横截面积与材料屈服强度的乘积(Aσ_s)时,回弹量减小;在一定范围内,随着补拉力从Aσ_s逐渐增大,有利于减小拉弯成形件的回弹量;摩擦因数越大,回弹量越大;通过修正模具的弧面尺寸可以补偿回弹量;模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,所建立的有限元模型能准确预测汽车前碰撞横梁的拉弯成形回弹量。     

高强钢变模量随动强化本构模型匹配与解耦标定策略研究

高强钢通过微观组织调控获得高强度,但不同牌号高强钢微观的不均匀变形和微观诱导塑性机理不同,使得高强钢卸载及反向加载行为更加复杂,并且牌号间差异增大,为此给出模型自适应匹配及参数解耦匹配的系统化策略,实现了高强钢回弹精确预测。首先建立幂函数和指数函数混合硬化模型,基于混合模型给出自由弯曲加载的弯矩平衡方程和曲率约束方程,基于变模量模型构建截面弹性弯矩的积分方程,基于加载和卸载解析模型建立逆向识别卸载参数的子优化模型。确定变模量线性随动强化、变模量非线性随动强化模型和含边界面的变模量随动强化模型的匹配策略。基于自由弯曲、单向拉伸和拉压试验数据,确定相应本构的子优化模型参数的优化次序,最终形成本构匹配及其参数解耦标定的系统化策略,并基于Fortran语言开发标定程序库。建立U形弯曲件和弧形弯曲件预测模型,分别对DP980和DH980两种高强钢不同应变水平下的识别结果及回弹预测结果进行对比分析,验证了解耦标定策略不仅提高了不同牌号数据的相关度,而且大幅度提升了同一牌号下的模型精度和稳定性,为基于数据的材料性能统一自辨识方法研究奠定了基础。     

铝型材多点三维拉压复合弯曲成形工艺

轻量化薄壁型材三维弯曲结构件是高端装备制造业中一种难成形加工的关键零部件。针对此类制件的高精度、低成本的成形需求,提出一种拉弯-压弯相结合的铝合金型材三维弯曲成形工艺,设计多点联动的拉压复合成形单元体结构,通过水平方向由夹钳带动拉弯,垂直方向由各单元体上液压执行机构压弯,实现"W"形三维弯曲零件的成形,并研制成形装备样机。建立分析成形过程及回弹预测的数值仿真模型,通过试验对模型的有效性进行验证,仿真结果与试验结果回弹变形一致,回弹预测最大误差小于15%。此外,研究拉力对矩形截面型材拉压复合成形件回弹变形的影响规律,预拉伸力较补拉伸力对成形件的回弹减小趋势更为明显,当预拉伸力从零达到临界塑性应力Aσ_s时,总回弹减少了26.81%,为保证成形件不发生截面畸变和破裂等成形缺陷,确定了预拉伸力为Aσ_s、补拉伸力为0.3Aσ_s的最优工艺参数。所提出的多点三维拉压复合弯曲成形工艺解决了W形一类型材传统三维拉弯无法实现的多向曲率半径复杂弯曲成形的技术难题,为实现镜面对称结构件的成对一次成形提供了一种新方法。     

板材弯曲回弹的多参数随机特性研究

研究板材材料及几何参数对板材卸载后弯曲半径和回弹角的影响。建立了基于双线性硬化材料模型的板材弯曲的理论力学模型,并建立了包含屈服应力、刚性模量、弯曲半径、弯曲角的随机性的板材弯曲回弹的概率分析的理论模型,此外,基于蒙特卡罗扩展法建立了其显式—隐式的概率有限元模型,得到了弹性模量、泊松比、弯曲角度等参数对板材卸载后弯曲半径和回弹角的影响规律,回弹角对弹性模量最敏感,卸载后板料的弯曲半径对原弯曲半径最敏感,应用该方法为板材弯曲回弹分析提供了方法和依据。     

回弹机理的研究与控制综述

回弹现象在板料的冲压过程中是不可避免的,尤其在弯曲制件的成形过程中,常常因为弹性变形的出现,在卸载外力后,回弹现象随即产生。因为回弹会严重影响弯曲件的质量,导致次品数量的增加,因此控制弯曲件的回弹是我们必须要做的。根据板料在弯曲、折弯过程中的回弹现象,分析回弹的控制和对策。     

回弹对柱面扁壳类覆盖件刚度的影响机制

利用能代表汽车覆盖件的柱面扁壳件为研究对象,建立与研究对象相一致的数学模型,对柱面扁壳件的成形、卸载回弹及刚度加载三个过程进行数值模拟,得到各个过程的几何及应力信息.通过改变成形工艺中的压边力得到扁壳件回弹量的变化,研究回弹对刚度影响的机理.对扁壳件的卸载回弹的研究结果表明:回弹后,沿柱面及曲面方向存在较大的残余压应力,且分布不均,是刚度发生变化的力学条件;曲面方向引起的曲率半径的变化及柱面方向的形状特点是刚度发生变化的几何条件.柱面扁壳件回弹量越大,残余压应力越大,且分布越不均匀,刚度越小;曲率半径越大,刚度越小,反之,刚度越大.     

2124铝合金在蠕变时效成形过程中的回弹量

用变曲率蠕变时效成形试验装置,考察了时效时间、时效温度和预变形半径三个因素在两两作用下对可时效强化型2124铝合金在蠕变时效过程中回弹量的影响,对比分析了纯弯曲和横力弯曲对构件回弹量的影响;通过多元回归分析建立了回弹量预测模型,并进行了试验验证。结果表明:在相同的试验条件下,纯弯曲的回弹量要比横力弯曲的大,即成形件的弯曲变形模式对回弹量的影响不容忽略;回归模型对回弹量的预测结果与试验结果吻合较好,最大偏差不超过9.62%,验证了回弹量预测模型的可靠性。     

拼焊板V形自由弯曲回弹控制影响因素分析

在平截面和平面弯曲等假设条件下,建立了可适用于纵向拼焊板V形小曲率自由弯曲回弹的解析预测模型。在自由弯曲卸载阶段,该模型引入了两母板间相互作用的弯矩,基于单一母板求解了拼焊板回弹后的弯曲角。利用解析模型分析了不同工艺参数对拼焊板V形自由弯曲力和回弹后弯曲角度的影响规律,确定了影响拼焊板V形自由弯曲力和卸载后回弹角的主要影响因素。     

无缝钢管数控弯管过程有限元模拟分析

以液压管路系统常用的20号冷拔无缝钢管为研究对象,基于ABAQUS软件建立其数控弯管过程有限元模型,模拟弯曲,抽芯,回弹三过程,分析应力应变分布规律,揭示弯管成形与回弹机理。研究结果与实际数控弯管生产过程的经验状况基本一致:在弯管过程,各区域切向应力应变先达最大值,而后应力大幅卸载但应变不变,完成塑性变形后该区域应力基本恒定,在后续弯管进程起传递弯矩作用;但初始弯曲区域受芯棒、模具影响,应力不卸载;抽芯、回弹对应力有卸载作用,对应变影响极小;回弹是钢管在残余应力作用下静力平衡过程,影响其成形,结束后存在残余应力。该研究有助于对弯管的成形、回弹机理的理解,为后续分析工艺参数对弯管成形质量的影响提供理论依据。     

大圆弧弯曲件成型工艺设计方法

回弹是影响弯曲件成型尺寸的重要问题.阐述了控制弯曲件回弹的一般方法,提出了用反向回弹补偿的办法控制大圆弧弯曲件尺寸.通过模具设计解决了围板件成型回弹的技术难题,证明了这一新方法行之有效.     

基于一步逆成形法弯曲成形回弹的快速模拟

首先阐述了弯曲成形回弹模拟的方法及其一步逆成形法的基本原理.通过采用一步逆成形法来获得弯曲成形后的应力分布,然后利用LS-DYNA隐式求解器对卸载回弹过程进行了模拟.最后将该方法分别应用到无约束圆柱弯曲成形和卡车纵梁弯曲成形的回弹模拟中,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较,比较的结果表明,该方法可以有效地预示出弯曲成形的回弹量.     

On bend-stretch forming of aluminum extruded tubes — I: experiments

Tubular aluminum frame parts for automotive applications are best produced by extrusion. The tubes are then cold formed to the required shape by prestretching, pressurizing and bending them over rigid dies. Tension prevents buckling of the compressed side and significantly reduces the springback on unloading. An unwanted byproduct of the process is distortion of the cross section. It has been found that modest levels of pressure can reduce this distortion. The selection of the level of tension and pressure for optimum forming is presently empirical. The study discussed herein seeks to develop a scientific basis for optimizing forming processes such that buckling is avoided and distortion and springback are minimized. Part I describes a custom bend-stretch-pressure forming facility developed for the study. The facility is operated by one pneumatic and two servohydraulic closed-loop systems. This allows computer control of the process, and affords selectable loading histories. The planar forming process was modeled by approximating the tube as a nonlinear elastic–plastic beam which can undergo large rotations. The model was shown capable of reproducing accurately the loading history experienced by different sections along the length of the part during forming. Representative results from forming experiments involving rectangular aluminum are presented. The results are used to discuss the effect of friction, tension and pressure on the cross-sectional distortion, springback and net elongation of the part. Part II presents a model for establishing the cross-sectional distortion induced during forming. The model is used in conjunction with experimental results to establish ways of optimizing the process.     

Optimization of spring-back in creep age forming process of 7075 Al-Alclad alloy using D-optimal design of experiment method

This paper attempts to model and predict the spring-back for creep age forming of a 7075 Al-Alclad alloy using statistical analyses based on a design of experiments method. Time and temperature were chosen as effective variables for determining spring-back in the creep age-forming process. The D-optimal design of experiments method facilitated statistical analyses and the extraction of a mathematical model for determining spring-back in the experimental variables domain. The spring-back of the specimens was calculated using a numerical procedure based on the pure bending theory. Analysis of the variances for spring-back showed that temperature was the most effective variable in the creep-age forming process. Additionally, a mathematical model and the response surface of the spring-back showed that to decrease spring-back, the significant variables should be in the upper level. The spring-back in the creep age-forming process was optimized for a 7075 Al-Alclad alloy in the optimum mechanical properties region.     

加载路径对AA5083管件热态非金属颗粒介质成形性能的影响

将颗粒介质作为传力介质,应用于铝合金管件内高压热成形工艺。通过热单向拉伸试验建立AA5083板材的本构模型。通过管材热态颗粒介质胀形数值模拟,结合AA5083理论成形极限图的分析,研究了不同加载路径对管件壁厚分布、管端缩料量和主应变曲线的影响规律,并进行了相应的工艺试验验证。研究结果表明,合理匹配初始压头力和管端进给量参数,使预成形管坯在胀形区形成有益皱纹,可为胀形区管坯变形提供聚料作用,从而提高管件成形质量和胀形极限。     

Quantitative prediction of reduction in large pipe setting round process

The control manner during the process to ensure the quality of pipe products mainly relies on the operator’s experience, so it is very necessary to study the setting round process and obtain its spring-back law. The setting round process is shaping an oval section pipe into circular section, so it is difficult to provide a quantificational analysis for its spring-back process because of the curvature inequality of pipe section neutral layer. However, the spring-back law of the circle-oval process can be easily predicted. The experimental method is firstly used to establish the equivalent effect between the setting round process and the circle-oval process. The setting round process can be converted into the circle-oval process. There are two difficulties in the theoretical analysis for the circle-oval process: elastic-plastic bending problem of curved beam; statically indeterminate problem. A quantitative analytic method for the circle-oval process is presented on the basis of combination of the spring-back law of plane curved beam with the element dividing idea in finite element method. The ovality after unloading versus the relative reduction is plotted with analytical and experimental results respectively, which shows a fair agreement. Finally, the method of quantitative prediction of reduction for large pipe setting round is given based on the equivalent effect and the analytical results. Five pipes, which are needed to be set round, are used to carry out experiment so as to verify this method. The results of verification experiment indicates that, in the experimental range, the residual ovality are all under 0.35% after the once only setting round with the theoretical prediction reductions. It is much less than the 1% requirement of pipe standard. Applying the established theoretical analysis is able to correct the pipe ovality with sufficient accuracy, which provides theoretical direction to plant use.     

柱面扁壳面畸变形成机理及控制

以矩形柱面扁壳为模型,从小变形、简单加载的前提条件出发,推导了矩形柱面扁壳切边后曲面方向回弹的理论解。试验研究了柱面扁壳面畸变现象,得到了面畸变分布。提出了面畸变理论评价指标,对比试验结果分析了面畸变形成机制,得到了屈服点、凸模曲率半径、板料厚度、弹性模量及张拉力对面畸变的影响规律,并提出了减小面畸变的工程控制方法。     

抓斗式卸船机自动作业的性能优化

为了提高卸船机自动作业的性能,对抓斗的摆动控制和抓斗的路径进行了优化.在分析抓斗摆动规律的基础上,对周期性加、减速的摆动控制方法进行了改进,在加减速阶段用分段加速的方法消除抓斗摆动,在料斗上方卸料时使抓斗向前摆动并保持一定摆角,产生甩斗卸料的效果,可以有效缩短循环时间.路径优化将作业区域进行划分并采取相应的小车控制策略...     

不同强化模型下的板料成形极限

介绍Hill48屈服准则下基于不同强化模型的屈服方程。推导出能够用来确定随动强化模型和混合强化模型中参数的方程。采用单向拉伸曲线上所取得的数据,对所得方程进行拟合,得到参数值,并使用所得参数值得出三种强化模型下的单向拉伸曲线。结果表明采用上述方法能够准确地确定强化模型中的参数。给出随动强化模型和混合强化模型下成形极限的计算方法。基于三种强化模型,针对分散性失稳准则、Hill集中性失稳准则、凹槽失稳准则和平面应变漂移失稳准则,得到简单加载路径下的成形极限图和成形极限应力图。从这些图中可以看出,强化模型对成形极限图和成形极限应力图影响明显。因此应当确定板料在成形过程中的强化规律,选择合适的强化模型进行成形极限预测。     

Modelling of kinetic friction in V-bending of ultra-high-strength steel sheets

The Stribeck friction model was investigated in this study to predict springback of high-strength steel sheets. The coefficient of friction in Stribeck curve depends on sliding velocity and contact pressure. The plane-strain bending process is simulated in ABAQUS/Standard. The influence of forming speed, over-pressing and holding time on springback behaviour of sheets was studied numerically. By plotting the variation of bending angle with punch stroke, we found that the loading curve of finite element analysis showed similar results to the experiments. The unloading curves of FE analysis with friction models based on Stribeck curve and Coulomb law showed good agreement with experiments with error less than 1.5%. Forming speed of up to 50 mm/s does not have significant effect on springback. The effect of holding time on reducing springback is small, but over-press has large effect on reducing springback. The results showed that Stribeck model is suitable for sheet metal forming simulations, especially at higher forming speeds and pressures.