湍浮力射流形成后区特性的预报

应用作者所提出的数学模型和计算方法,对浮力射流形成后区的特性进行了预报。得出中性浮力点以前的形成后区,可分为非浮力区、过渡区和卷流区。得到了非浮力区和卷流区的时均流速、时均温差、雷诺切应力、湍动能及其耗散率的分布和湍动能的平衡。这些预报结果与试验资料基本吻合。     

横流均匀环境中三维线源型正负浮力射流特性研究

本文利用混合有限分析法及交错网格。对横流均匀环境中三维线源型正负浮力射流及负浮力射流的特性进行研究，分析了不同工况下流速，温度和湍动能在断面上的分布及影响射流轨迹线的因素，讨论了轨迹线上温度的变化及浮力射流的贴壁现象。对三维长线源型负浮力射流，分析了流速比，喷口弗汝德数对负浮力射流的影响。     

平面射流和浮力射流的数学模型及计算方法

本文提出了一个预报平面射流和浮力射流特性的双尺度Ⅱ湍流模型,并给出了六点格式的有限解析法用于数值计算。同时也应用单尺度模型和双尺度Ⅰ模型进行了预报。预报了射流和均匀环境中浮力射流的扩展率、流速分布、温度分布、雷诺切应力分布和湍动能分布。同试验资料的比较证明双尺度Ⅱ模型最好。     

局部分层环境中的平面浮力射流

本文利用κ-ε-(?)~2湍流模型,提出了在局部分层环境中,中性浮力点前的平面湍浮力射流的数学模型。在较大的出口弗劳德数和局部分层强度范围内进行了数值计算,并导出一组参考量,分析整理计算结果。给出了射流中线流速、密度、湍动能和速度半宽沿中线的变化,也给出了射流确定后时均流速、温度和湍流传输量的分布剖面。     

横流中射流及其温度标量输运大涡模拟

将动力拟序涡黏性亚格子应力模型拓展到温度标量亚格子模型中,数值模拟了横流条件下有、无温度标量场作用的射流,得到的横流条件下浮力射流的温度和速度分布与Anwar的试验值吻合一致。在此基础上,分析了有、无温度标量场作用下射流回流区域大小和射流轨迹线特性,对比分析了回流区域内涡心和分离点处湍动能和耗散率、拟涡能以及边界层处拟序结构等湍流特性。计算结果表明:温度场的作用使射流的回流区域增大,射流速度轨迹线高度增加,回流区域内湍流的湍动能增加,边界处拟序结构的周期性不如无温度场时明显。     

基于竖缝隔板的大底坡鱼道水力优化数值模拟

为了优化大底坡竖缝式鱼道池室水力特性,在验证物理模型的基础上,构建三维水动力数学模型,考虑5种大底坡坡度对竖缝有无隔板及竖缝隔板不同安装高度的池室水力分布进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明,竖缝设置隔板能有效减小池室最大流速和平均湍动能;当底坡为1/20时,池室最大流速下降率为10.16%~14.84%,平均湍动能下降率为21.88%~42.19%,主流最大流速衰减率为61.24%~61.82%,池室内形成了小流速、低湍动的Ω形连续性水流;改变竖缝隔板安装高度会影响隔板上下水深处的竖缝流速大小,但对隔板上下水深处的流速、湍动能、应变率的分布规律无显著影响。     

动水环境中有限宽窄缝湍射流的水力特性研究

本文采用粒子图像测速(PIV)系统，在分析了水中粒子跟随性的基础上，对动水环境中多种喷口长度和流速比情况下的有限宽窄缝湍射流近区流场进行测试，并结合数值模拟结果分析讨论了动水环境中有限宽窄缝湍射流的近场三维流动特性。在实验观测的流速比范围内，射流势流核长度随着流速比的增加而增大并逐渐趋近于平面自由湍射流的势流核长度，雷诺数对射流的发展轨迹影响很小，射流发展主要由流速比控制。同时，给出了射流背流面逆流区长度与流速比、喷口形状因子之间的关系。     

倾斜水射流冲击移动平板的流动分析

该文采用雷诺应力湍流模型(RSM)和Simplec算法对倾斜冲击淹没射流下移动平板表面的流动特性进行数值分析,得到了不同入口雷诺数、入射角度和不同平板移动速度下平板表面流场的流函数分布和平板近壁面湍动能分布。研究结果表明,斜射流下冲击点下坡侧产生了旋涡区,此旋涡随板速的提高而被压缩,其中心逐渐向射流中心区靠近。此外,相同条件下滞止点处的近壁湍动能最大,湍动能峰值位置随平板的移动而同向移动,并随入射角的降低而远离射流的几何中心。     

基于Fluent软件的低压输水管道沉沙池流场模拟分析研究

针对阿克苏乡低压输水管道中沉沙池流场特性,基于Fluent软件建立数值模型,获得沉沙工况下沉沙池在横向、纵向断面上流速特征,研究了沉沙工况下湍动能与耗散率,池口湍动能大,池末端湍动能较小;池末端与池口处耗散率相差约有810倍。分析了两种排沙工况下流速在池末端聚集,且回旋流显著;两方案湍动能与耗散率具有一致性,池口处紊动特征显著,池中间段湍动能减小至稳定状态,最大变幅超过4个量级,最大耗散率达1.831.97。     

中华鲟产卵场的三维水流特性分析

中华鲟面临严重的种群资源问题,明确中华鲟产卵场的水流特性可为产卵场修复和自然种群挽救提供更准确合理的技术参数。研究运用流体力学软件Fluent模拟葛洲坝坝下中华鲟产卵场产卵时期的三维水流过程,分析流速、涡量、湍动能等水力学参数在产卵场不同功能区内的变化规律和取值范围。结果表明:不同功能区水力学参数的取值范围不同,对比各取值范围发现底层流速基本满足产卵受精区播卵区着卵孵化区,而播卵区的流速垂向变化幅度总体大于产卵受精区;涡量基本满足播卵区产卵受精区着卵孵化区;湍动激烈区基本位于水体的上中层,底层湍动能在各功能区变化不大,特别是着卵孵化区的湍动能没有明显区别于播卵区。葛洲坝坝下产卵场水流状况不是特别有利于中华鲟卵的受精散播和附着孵化,为了进一步明确中华鲟产卵繁殖的水流特性,需要继续开展大量的模拟、对比分析工作。     

Velocity and concentration measurements in initial region of submerged round jets in stagnant environment and in coflow

Velocity and concentration fields are measured in submerged round jets in a stagnant environment and in coflow using laser Doppler anemometry and laser-induced fluorescence. Measurements are made in the initial region within distances of 40 jet exit diameter at jet Reynolds number between 1000 and 5000 and coflow-to-jet velocity ratio from 0 to 0.43. Different behaviors of jet spreading and dilution are found in jets at three different ranges of Reynolds number in which the jets are classified as initially laminar, transitional or turbulent. In the zone of established flow, the jet centerline velocity and concentration decay with downstream distance at different rates in the three groups of jets. For jets in coflow, axial development of normalized forms of centerline mean excess velocity and mean concentration at different velocity ratios can be reasonably well collapsed onto universal trends through the use of momentum length scale. Turbulence properties inside a jet are increased by the presence of a strong coflow. Inside the zone of flow establishment, some strange features are observed on jet turbulence properties. The length of zone of flow establishment increases from the turbulent jets, to the transition jets and to the laminar jets. The zone lengths for concentration are shorter than those for velocity by one to two jet exit diameters. Both lengths are shortened further in the presence of a coflow. For jets a stagnant environment and in the strong jet flow region of jets in coflow, jet widths increase linearly with downstream distance in transitional and turbulent jets. Self-similarity of radial profiles of mean velocity or excess velocity, mean concentration, turbulence intensities and concentration fluctuation level is explored in the zone of established flow.     

静水条件下垂直圆管负浮力射流的数值模拟

建立了静水条件下垂直圆管负浮力射流的三维水动力数学模型和物理模型,两者的无量纲垂向速度吻合较好;对静水条件下垂直圆管负浮力射流的水动力特性进行了研究。结果表明：随着射流初始速度的增加,射流初始密度和喷口直径的减小,射流最大上升高度和稳态高度均增加。射流初始速度和射流初始密度对最大上升高度时刻中轴线垂向速度衰减早晚和衰减率的影响不大;随着射流初始密度的增加,稳态高度时刻的射流中轴线上垂向速度衰减较晚,衰减率增加;射流量一定时,随着喷口直径的增加,最大上升高度时刻和稳态高度时刻射流中轴线上垂向流速衰减较早,衰减率减小。分别建立了密度弗劳德数表达的无量纲最大上升高度和稳态高度线性关系式;本研究中射流最大上升高度和稳态高度比值趋近于常数1.52,与密度弗劳德数基本无关。研究结果可以为静水条件下垂直圆管负浮力射流的设计和工程应用提供一定的参考依据。     

静止环境中垂直平面浮力射流稳定性与混合特性数值研究

针对不同的射流参数和环境流体参数下的有限深平面垂直射流，采用混合有限分析法对近区以稳定浮力表面层形式排放和由于近区漩涡产生二次吸附的非稳定排放两种流动形态的混合流体的流速场和温度场进行了数值模拟。结果表明近区排放稳定性主要取决于排放佛汝德数和相对淹没度，而与受纳水体的远区几何形状无关；受纳水体的远区几何形状只对排放水体的混合性质产生影响，这一点对非稳定排放尤其显著。所得结果与Jirka和Harleman的理论分析和试验结果十分吻合，说明所采用数值方法可对平面浮力射流的流动现象进行完整的预报。     

射流冲沙研究

作者通过实验和分析，研究了横流中加入平面冲击射流对防止局部泥沙淤积的影响。水槽实验中观测了水射流局部紊动强度变化、射流冲沙范围内局部紊动剪应力分布、泥沙不淤积临界断面的底部垂向紊动强度和射流强度与泥沙防淤尺度的关系。得出了射流影响区水流紊动能随距离的衰减规律和保持泥沙不淤积所需的水流临界紊动强度。统计分析了射流强度与紊动能的变化关系。根据泥沙悬浮理论和射流紊动输沙机理，建立了水射流局部无泥沙淤积长度经验计算式，并以不同特性泥沙的射流输沙实验资料对所建立的计算公式进行了验证，二者吻合良好。     

TURBULENT MIXING AND EVOLUTION IN A STABLY STRATIFIED FLOW WITH A TEMPERATURE STEP

Large-Eddy Simulation(LES)is applied to examine the turbulent mixing and evolution in a stably stratified flow with a thermally sharp interface.Turbulent velocity intensities and turbulent kinetic energy are analyzed by considering the mean shear and stratification effects.The evolution of turbulent mixing layer and turbulent structures are mainly investigated.The results show that the streamwise intensities are much larger than the vertical intensities,and vertical fluctuations decay more rapidly at the presence of stratification.The qualitatively computational results suggest that the mixing layer,defined by the mean temperature,inclines to the side with small inlet velocity.The evolution of the half-width of the mixing layer shows two different slopes.The turbulent structure with high vorticity is restricted in the mixing layer especially in strong stratified cases.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TURBULENT JETS WITH LATERAL INJECTION INTO A CROSSFLOW

1. INTRODUCTION The interaction of jets with crossflow generates complex flow fields which exist in a variety of industrial applications, e.g. internal film cooling of turbine blades, dilution air jets in combustion chambers, jet from V/STOL aircraft in transition flight. Systematic experimental, theoretical and numerical investigations of the flow fields began several decades ago, where the parameters studied include the jet injection angel, the jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio, the jet …     

Numerical and experimental study of Boussinesq wall horizontal turbulent jet of fresh water in a static homogeneous environment of salt water

This paper investigates a numerical and experimental study about buoyant wall turbulent jet in a static homogeneous environment. A light fluid of fresh water is injected horizontally and tangentially to a plane wall into homogenous salt water ambient. This later is given with different values of salinity and the initial fractional density is small, so the applicability of the Boussinesq approximation is valid. Since the domain temperature is assumed to be constant, the density of the mixture is a function of the salt concentration only. Mathematical model is based on the finite volume method and reports on an application of standard k- ? turbulence model for steady flow with densimetric Froude numbers of 1-75 and Reynolds numbers of 2 000-6 000. The basic features of the model are the conservation of mass, momentum and concentration. The boundaries of jet body, the radius and cling length are determined. It is found that the jet spreading and behavior depend on the ratio between initial buoyancy flux and momentum, i.e., initial Froude number, and on the influence of wall boundary which corresponds to Coanda effect. Laboratory experiments were conducted with photographic observations of jet trajectories and numerical results are described and compared with the experiments. A good agreement with numerical and experimental results has been achieved.