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Human motor control: learning to control a time-varying, nonlinear,many-to-one system 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Karniel A. Inbar G.F. 《IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetics. Part C, Applications and reviews》2000,30(1):1-11
Human motor control has always presented a great challenge to both scientists and engineers. It has presented most of the problems they have found difficult to handle and manipulate, which is a consequence of it being a distributed, nonlinear, time-varying system with multiple degrees of freedom that include redundancy on many levels. In recent years, the fast development of computers and the emergence of the new scientific field of neural computation have enabled consideration of complex, adaptive, parallel architectures in the modeling of human motor-control performance. In this paper, some of the models that have been used in the study of motor control are reviewed, and some open questions are formalized and discussed. The main topics are adaptive and artificial neural-network control, parameter estimation, nonlinear properties of the muscles, and parallelism and redundancy 相似文献
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This paper presents a highly effective load adaptive drive system to control the speed of a travelling-wave ultrasonic motor. The motor driver was built based on the two-phase high-frequency inverter using the mechanical resonant frequency of the ultrasonic motor. To digitally control the drive system, a TMS320F243 digital signal processor was adapted to the driver. The developed system includes two feedback loops; speed control loop and feedback voltage-resonant frequency tracking loop. The driving frequency was used as a control input to control the motor. Direct pulse-width modulation (PWM) control was used to obtain the required driving frequency. The developed drive system was experimentally tested under several operating conditions. The obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness of the drive system for high performance drive applications. 相似文献
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电路干扰问题是一个非常复杂的问题,必须根据现场的实际情况,找准干扰源,"对症下药",予以诊治,本文以一个实际测控系统设计过程为例,对硬件、软件、空间等方面的抗干扰设计过程,都做了比较详尽的叙述,提出相应的硬件、软件解决措施,供大家参考. 相似文献
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A multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) ultrasonic motor consisting of a bar-shaped stator and a spherical rotor was developed. It can generate 3-DOF rotation of the rotor around perpendicular axes using the bending vibration and longitudinal vibration of the stator, which is designed using the finite element analysis. From the simulated driving characteristics, a control method for the ultrasonic motor is proposed. Following this, the driving characteristics of the motor under both open-loop and closed-loop controls were measured experimentally. The multi-DOF position control of the rotor was achieved successfully using the proposed control method 相似文献
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A rotary ultrasonic motor, including a disk-shaped ultrasonic actuator and a rotor, is developed, and the characteristics of the motor, including speeds, torques, output powers, and efficiencies, against various preload forces, voltages, and frequencies are investigated. The actuator is developed on a thin piezoelectric buzzer with three fixed screws and driven by a single-phase electrical power source. Here, the buzzer is composed of a nickel-alloy disk and a piezoceramic disk, and the screws are individually arranged at 90/spl deg/, 120/spl deg/, and 150/spl deg/ arc locations on the nickel-alloy disk. An optimal driving point of the actuator for driving the rotor in both clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) directions is located at a point on the 90/spl deg/ arc edge region, and the CW and CCW directions are controlled by the frequency of the electrical power source. In doing so, the principle, construction, and driving mechanism of the actuator are first expressed. Then, the principle is verified according to vibration mode analysis with ANSYS simulation. The ANSYS simulation concerns the numerical model, structure, and mesh analysis as well. Moreover, a driving and measuring system, including an ac power supply system and a system that measures speed and twist forces, is constructed to evaluate the performance of the actuator and motor. 相似文献
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摘要:为了精确测量步进电机的脉冲当量和回程差,提出了一种基于薄膜干涉原理的激光微位移测量系统。该系统以He-Ne激光器为光源,配以牛顿环仪系统、面阵电荷耦合器(CCD)视频信号采集系统、计算机及数据处理软件等。采用条纹记数法实现微位移测量,具有四百分之一波长的位移分辨率。与传统测量方法相比,其精度、灵敏度及稳定性都有较大提高,特别适合范围在微米及微米以下的位移测量。在对TSA50-C型商用步进电机的测量中,结果验证了这种测量系统在普通实验室环境噪声中可以达到纳米级的位移测量精度。实验数据处理结果表明,对于5微米以下的脉冲当量及回程差的测量,该测量系统的相对误差分别为2.63%和0.44%。 相似文献
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基于步进电机原理和单片机控制技术,进行了步进电机控制系统的硬件和软件设计。系统采用离散方法实现了精确控制步进电机的目的。单片机采用STC12C5624AD。在单片机与步进电机之间选用SH2034M型号步进电机驱动器。并在步进电机的转子上安装了霍尔位置传感器实现了步进电机控制系统的闭环控制。在软件上给出了步进电机加减速速度控制算法流程图。实验表明所设计的控制系统具有控制精度高,稳定性好等优点,可应用于无人机器人系统中。 相似文献
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针对行波型超声波电机的驱动控制特性,为方便电机调试,实现电机的转速或位置信号检测,检测电机首次启动时的环境温度,设计了一款基于LPC2124的驱动控制系统。采用传统的推挽电路实现功率放大,串联电感进行谐振匹配。运用LPC2124内置的脉宽调制器和A/D转换器,外加微调电阻,可实时调节PWM频率,从而方便电机的调试。霍尔传感器ATS642LSH结合固定在电机转子上的环形齿轮,检测电机转速或位置。采用LM75温度传感器,检测环境温度,给电机的首次启动提供一个参考温度。试验表明,系统能顺利检测环境温度,能稳定、可靠地驱动电机工作,同时检测电机的转速或位置信号。 相似文献
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介绍了一种基于单片机与超声波结合的倒车报警系统的设计过程,本系统采用NE555和CX20106A构建超声波发射与接收电路,通过单片机与数码管实现测距计算与实时显示,同时用户还可以通过按键设置倒车报警距离,当达到设定的报警距离时系统将进行语音报警。另外系统设置了分段指示灯(倒车安全、注意倒车、倒车危险),提高了倒车安全系数。经测试,该系统在10~250 cm范围内能实现准确测距,且通过数码管实时显示倒车距离,并进行声光报警。本系统弥补了中、低端汽车报警系统不能实现准确测距和实时显示倒车距离的问题,具有集成度高、测量范围广、成本低等特点,能满足驾驶员在实际倒车中的需求,具有一定的理论和实用价值。 相似文献
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基于单片机的超声波测距系统的设计 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
介绍了利用单片机控制的超声波测距系统的原理,由单片机控制时间计数、控制超声波的发射和接收。给出了系统构成,并在数据处理中采用了温度补偿修正。此系统具有易控制、工作可靠、测量精度高的优点。 相似文献