Influence of V2O5 additions to NdAlO3 ceramics on sintering temperature and microwave dielectric properties

The effects of sintering aids addition on the microstructures and microwave dielectric properties of NdAlO₃ ceramics were investigated. V₂O₅ was selected as liquid phase sintering aid to lower the sintering temperature of NdAlO₃ ceramics. With V₂O₅ addition, the densification temperature of NdAlO₃ can be effectively reduced from 1650 °C to 1390∼1410 °C. The crystalline phase exhibited no phase differences at low addition level while Nd₄Al₂O₉ and NdAl₁₁O₁₈ present as second phases as the addition level was over 1 wt.%. The quality factor Q×f was strongly dependent upon the amount of additions. Q×f values of 64,000 GHz and 48,000 GHz could be obtained at 1390∼1410 °C with 0.25 wt.% and 0.5 wt.% V₂O₅ addition, respectively. During all addition ranges, the relative dielectric constants were not significantly different and ranged from 21.6 to 22.5.The temperature coefficients varies from –31∼–43 ppm/°C.     

Effects of Cr2O3 additions on the sintering and mechanical properties of Al2O3

The effect of Cr₂O₃ additions on the penetration of the intergranular phase between alumina grains of 96 wt % alumina ceramics has been investigated by applying the principles of quantitative metallography. From microsections, values of the true dihedral angle have been measured. Cr₂O₃ additions increased the dihedral angle and decreased the density of alumina ceramics. As a result, distinct deterioration of the mechanical properties of alumina ceramics was observed.     

Effect of sintering temperature on the transparency and mechanical properties of lutetium aluminum garnet fabricated by spark plasma sintering

Transparent lutetium aluminum garnet (Lu₃Al₅O₁₂, LuAG) was fabricated by reactive spark plasma sintering. The effect of sintering temperature on the crystal phase, microstructure, transparency and mechanical properties of LuAG bodies was investigated. Fully dense and single-phase LuAG bodies were obtained at sintering temperatures 1573–1923 K. The average grain size increased from 0.18 to 0.52 μm with increasing sintering temperature from 1573 to 1773 K, and grain growth became significant at 1823 K. Transmittance showed a maximum value of 77.8% at 2000 nm at a sintering temperature of 1773 K after annealing at 1423 K in air for 43.2 ks. The Vickers hardness increased from 14.2 to 17.2 GPa with decreasing grain size from 7.45 to 0.23 μm.     

Zero-thermal-quenching of LiAl5O8: Eu2+, Mn2+ phosphors by energy transfer and defects engineering

The photoluminescence behavior of inorganic phosphors is generally influenced by thermal stability, which determines the luminescence efficiency of the corresponding devices. Here, a series of Eu²⁺, Mn²⁺ co-doped LiAl₅O₈ blue-green-emitting phosphors with thermal robust are successfully fabricated. The concentration-dependent emission spectra and the decay curves of the as-obtained LiAl₅O₈: Eu²⁺, Mn²⁺ samples manifest the occurrence of the energy transfer from Eu²⁺ to Mn²⁺ ions via dipole-dipole interaction, and the corresponding emitted colors are gradually modulated from blue to green under the excitation of 310 nm. Moreover, the zero-thermal-quenching luminescence is observed when the operation temperature is up to 423 K, which is attributed to the energy release from the trapping centers to emitting centers (Eu²⁺ and Mn²⁺) at high temperature. Furthermore, a warm white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) device with correlated color temperature of 5061 K, a color rendering index of 80.6 and long-term stability is fabricated by combining UV LED chip (λ_ex = 310 nm), as-obtained LiAl₅O₈: Eu²⁺, Mn²⁺ phosphor, commercially available red phosphor and green phosphor. These results prove the potential application of the as-obtained LiAl₅O₈: Eu²⁺, Mn²⁺ phosphor for UV-pumped WLEDs devices.     

Effect of ZrO2 additions on sintering of SnO2-based ceramics

The effect of zirconia additions on sintering of CoO doped tin dioxide has been investigated in the temperature range 1100–1250 °C. A first study showed that the substitution of tin by zirconium reduces significantly the volatilisation rate of SnO₂ for temperatures greater than 1400 °C. It appeared that the zirconium content increase inhibits the densification kinetics of SnO₂-based ceramics. Indeed, the relative density did not exceed 93% for a Zr content lower than 6 mol% in the Sn_(1–x)Zr_xO₂ solid solution. This negative effect can be imputed to the elastic distortions caused by the introduction of Zr in the tin dioxide lattice. So, the diffusion rate of point defects such as oxygen or cobalt ions is lowered.     

α-Al2O3纳米粉对高纯刚玉砖烧结性能的影响

研究了在刚玉砖基质中分别引入0.5%,1%,2%和3%的α-Al2O3纳米粉及分别引入4%,8%和12%的α-Al2O3微粉时对高纯刚玉砖烧结性能的影响.检测试样于1100℃、1300℃、1400℃、1500℃、1600℃和1700℃保温5 h热处理后的体积密度和强度,并用扫描电镜观察其显微结构.结果表明同时加入α-Al2O3纳米粉和α-Al2O3微粉可以促进固相烧结,改善制品烧结性能,使烧结温度降低200～400℃;当α-Al2O3纳米粉加入量为1%～2%,α-Al2O3微粉加入量为4%～8%时,烧结温度可降到1400～1500℃,此时,试样的体积密度和强度达到最佳值.其烧结机理是以扩散传质为主的固相烧结.     

Effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and transparency of Nd,Y:CaF2 ceramics

1 at% Nd, 3 at% Y doped CaF₂ transparent ceramics were obtained by hot pressing at the sintering temperature varing from 500 to 800 °C under vacuum environment with co-precipitated CaF₂ nanopowders. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the obtained nanoparticles were single fluorite phase with grain size around 26 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of the Nd, Y: CaF₂ ceramics indicated that the mean grain size of the ceramic sintered at 800 °C was about 748 nm. The influence of the temperature on the grain size, microstructure and optical transmittance was investigated. For the ceramic sintered at 800 °C, the transmittance was 85.49% at the wavelength of 1200 nm. The room temperature emission spectra of Nd: CaF₂ and Nd, Y: CaF₂ ceramics were measured and discussed.     

Effects of sintering atmosphere on grain morphology of liquid-phase-sintered SiC with Al2O3 additions

The effects of sintering atmospheres of Ar and N₂ on grain morphology were investigated for pressureless liquid-phase-sintered (LPS) SiC with Al₂O₃ additions. When increasing the sintering temperature, the SiC grain size and its aspect ratio increased in both sintering atmospheres. With a 2 mass% Al₂O₃ addition, no distinct difference was observed between the grain morphology of SiC sintered in the Ar atmosphere and that sintered in the N₂ atmosphere. With a 15 mass% Al₂O₃ addition, sintering in a N₂ atmosphere led to retarded grain growth and this resulted in a fine homogeneous microstructure, whereas sintering in an Ar atmosphere enhanced the grain growth compared with that in 2 mass% Al₂O₃. The effects of atmosphere on the grain morphology depend on the amount of Al₂O₃ addition, and this also affects the grain growth process of solution-reprecipitation. The mechanical properties of the SiC are also considered.     

Effect of pyrophyllite additions on sintering characteristics of fly ash based ceramic wall tiles

Abstract

The sintering characteristics of fly ash-pyrophyllite mixes containing 0-100 wt-% sericitic pyrophyllite have been studied, using 10 wt-% sodium hexametaphosphate as a binding agent and a firing temperature of 950°C. Increasing pyrophyllite content has been observed to increase the impact strength and apparent density and decrease the water absorption of sintered tile samples. Moreover, the presence of pyrophyllite imparted improved thermal shock resistance to the wall tile samples.     

Effect of TiO2 and Ta2O5 additions on the electrical properties of Li2CaAl4Si4O16 glass-ceramic

Influence of TiO₂ and Ta₂O₅ on crystallisation for ceramic based on Li–Ca–Al–Si was studied. Sintering of glass-ceramics leads to the formation of β-eucryptite, anorthite and Ca-olivine. These phases are developed only on samples containing TiO₂ and Ta₂O₅. Incorporation of either TiO₂ or Ta₂O₅ gives clear crystals of low pores than in the base sample. Addition of Ta₂O₅ or TiO₂ improves densification properties and reduces sintering temperature. Electrical measurements were done in audio frequency range and lower (90?Hz–100?kHz). Composition changes on electrical properties were examined. Experimental electrical data show that the response of specimens was not simple (not a linear relation). The increase of TiO₂ and Ta₂O₅ generally decreases the electrical properties of the ceramic specimens used in this case. Electrical properties were able to follow and interpret the change in composition. This information was correlated to the internal structure of the samples.     

Effect of Nb2O5 content and sintering temperature on the microstructure and bending strength of porous Ni-YSZ cermets

Porous Ni-YSZ cermets are prepared by reducing NiO-YSZ composites upon exposure to (Ar+6% H₂) gas. The porous cermets are prepared by the addition of carbon black (0.123 mol) to mixed NiO-YSZ powders and the conversion of NiO to Ni in the NiO-YSZ composites. The microstructure and bending strength of porous Ni-YSZ cermets as functions of sintering temperature and Nb₂O₅ content are discussed. The Ni-YSZ cermets consist of uniformly distributed Ni and YSZ grains as well as pores. Both higher sintering temperature and higher Nb₂O₅ content yield lower porosity, thus increasing the bending strength. The bending strength of 0.00470 mol% Nb₂O₅–containing Ni-YSZ cermets sintered at 1400 °C (111 MPa) is about two times higher than that of Nb₂O₅–free Ni-YSZ cermets sintered at 1400 °C (59 MPa).     

四元体系LiB5O8+NaB5O8+KB5O8+H2O在298.15K实验与理论预测相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了四元体系LiB₅O₈ + NaB₅O₈ + KB₅O₈ + H₂O在298.15 K下的相平衡。实验测定了该体系在298.15 K下的固液相平衡溶解度和物理性质（密度和折射率）,基于实验溶解度绘制了四元体系的干盐相图、水图和物理性质组成图。在该四元体系的干基图中,有一个共饱点（LiB₅O₈·5H₂O + NaB₅O₈·5H₂O + KB₅O₈·4H₂O）、3条单变量溶解度曲线和3个单盐结晶区（LiB₅O₈·5H₂O、NaB₅O₈·5H₂O和KB₅O₈·4H₂O）。该体系在298.15 K下没有复盐和固溶体生成,属于简单四元水溶液体系。结合三元体系溶解度,拟合获得了3种碱金属五硼酸盐的单盐参数和三离子混合作用参数;应用Pitzer及其扩展的HW模型对溶解度进行预测,预测值与实验值吻合较好,表明获得的Pitzer参数可靠。研究结果可为碱金属五硼酸盐分离纯化提供理论基础。     

Low temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of Ba3Ti5Nb6O28 with ZnO–B2O3 glass additions for LTCC applications

The effects of ZnB₂O₄ glass additions on the sintering temperature and microwave dielectric properties of Ba₃Ti₅Nb₆O₂₈ have been investigated using dilatometer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a network analyzer. The pure Ba₃Ti₅Nb₆O₂₈ system showed a high sintering temperature (1250 °C) and had the good microwave dielectric properties: Q × f of 10,600 GHz, ɛ_r of 37.0, τ_f of −12 ppm/°C. It was found that the addition of ZnB₂O₄ glass to Ba₃Ti₅Nb₆O₂₈ lowered the sintering temperature from 1250 to 925 °C. The reduced sintering temperature was attributed to the formation of ZnB₂O₄ liquid phase and B₂O₃-rich liquid phases. Also the addition of ZnB₂O₄ glass enhanced the microwave dielectric properties: Q × f of 19,100 GHz, ɛ_r of 36.6, τ_f of 5 ppm/°C. From XPS and XRD studies, these phenomena were explained in terms of the reduction of oxygen vacancies and the formation of secondary phases having the good microwave dielectric properties.     

助烧剂对Al2O3-SiC-C捣打料烧结性的影响

以高铝矾土、棕刚玉为骨料 ,矾土粉、SiC粉、石墨为基质料 ,以磷酸二氢铝和沥青粉为复合结合剂 ,另加少量α Al2 O3微粉 ,制成了Al2 O3-SiC-C捣打料。研究了硅粉、硼酸、SiO2 微粉以及硼酸 SiO2 微粉 4种助烧剂对捣打料烧结性的影响。结果表明 ,这些助烧剂均对捣打料有助烧结作用 ,且有抗氧化作用 ,其中以加入硼酸 SiO2 微粉的复合助烧剂的助烧结和抗氧化作用效果最佳。     

Effect of the spark plasma sintering (SPS) parameters and LiF doping on the mechanical properties and the transparency of polycrystalline Nd-YAG

Transparent 1 at.% Nd:YAG ceramics were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) from nanometric Nd:YAG powders, both undoped and pre-mixed with 0.25 wt.% LiF additive. The mechanical and optical properties of the consolidated samples were determined as a function of the processing parameters, namely holding time, peak sintering temperature and heating rate. The presence of LiF accelerates densification and grain growth. Hardness and bending strength are decreased in the presence of the LiF additive, in consistence with the increase of the grain size. The optical transmittance in the doped samples sintered at 1400 °C, reaches 97% of the theoretical transmission and is significantly higher than that of the undoped samples. The increased optical transmittance of the doped samples is attributed to pore elimination by enhanced mass transport and cleansing of the carbon contamination by the fluorine component of the LiF additive. The presence of the latter has no effect on the absorption spectrum of the Nd:YAG ceramic.