OFDMA系统中基于遗传算法的资源分配

资源分配是OFDMA系统中保证用户QoS和提高系统容量的一种重要手段.在传统的OFDMA资源分配算法中,分组调度和子载波分配两部分是独立进行优化的.为了进一步提高系统的整体性能,提出一种基于遗传算法的分组调度和子载波分配联合优化的资源分配算法.资源分配算法中,利用随机逼近的方法来更新调度算法中的控制参数,在保证用户公平性的前提下最大化系统吞吐量;利用遗传算法来求解联合优化中的子载波分配.仿真结果表明,无论是在系统的吞吐量、丢包率,数据包等待时延还是用户公平性方面,都具有良好的性能.     

一种基于QoE效用函数的OFDM系统子载波和功率分配算法

以系统平均用户感受质量QoE(Quality of Experience)为优化目标,提出一种基于QoE效用函数的子载波和功率分配算法.该算法先根据用户需求与实际信道状态对子载波进行分配,将QoE引入效用函数构建中,并以系统平均QoE最大化为目标对子载波进行功率分配,在功率分配过程中使用导数迭代的方法逼近最优的功率分配...     

基于能量效率的OFDMA系统资源分配

研究了OFDMA(正交频分多址)系统优化能量效率的资源分配方法,提出了一种基于能量效率的速率比例公平资源分配算法。首先在各子载波等功率的假设条件下为各个用户进行子载波分配,然后求得满足速率比例公平条件下的各用户注水线间的函数关系,再将用户和系统速率要求作为约束条件,采用二分法对函数求解,得到近似最优能量效率下的用户注水线,最后根据用户注水线进行功率分配。仿真结果表明,与其他方案相比,该算法在保持用户速率比例公平性的同时能有效提高系统的能量效率,且复杂度较低。     

SC-FDMA动态子载波分配算法

基于单载波频分复用系统,提出一种应用于动态子载波分配方案的算法。在动态分配过程中,利用约束条件实现信道资源对各用户终端的公平分配,以此完成比例约束算法设计,并对其进行简化。实验结果表明,该算法能在提升系统总容量的同时保证公平性,其简化算法具有较好的分配性能和较低的计算复杂度。     

认知无线电中基于比例公平的资源分配方案

在基于OFDM的认知无线电网络中,认知用户采用放大转发（Amplify-and-Forward,AF）协作模式进行数据传输。提出了功率和子载波分配及配对的优化算法,认知用户在子载波上的总发射功率是有限的,同时对授权用户造成的干扰必须低于门限值。采用拉格朗日对偶分解法和次梯度法对功率分配算法进行求解,并对子载波分配及配对算法进行了推导。仿真结果表明,与最大化总速率（maximize-total）公平性和最大化最小速率（maximize-worst）公平性相比,比例公平性（maximize-pro-fair）是一个能够使效率与公平性更加均衡的标准;在低信噪比时,就提高系统传输效率以及资源分配公平度指标而言,该算法依然优于其他三种分配方案。     

中继OFDMA系统用户公平性的资源分配算法的研究

在OFDMA解码—转发中继系统中,为了公平地进行资源分配,提出了在两个用户模型下,在保证每个用户最小速率需求的前提下,先按照用户预定速率比进行子载波分配,再根据实际速率比对用户的子载波进行调整的分配算法,最后使整个系统的吞吐量达到最大。提出了三种方案。方案一通过对Lagrange对偶函数问题的求解,根据所得代价函数值的大小对用户的子载波做重新调整。这样不仅考虑到了公平性,也减少了用户的速率损失。方案二、方案三分别从子载波端和用户端出发考虑子载波的分配问题,且从不同的分配角度分析了公平性问题。研究结果表明,三种方案获得的公平性均有所提高。     

基于MIMO系统的容量最大化资源分配算法

多输入多输出(MIMO)技术可以提高系统传输速率、增大系统容量。针对应急通信中短时间内用户激增,传统资源分配算法的系统容量无法满足用户需求的问题,提出一种基于MIMO-OFDM系统用户最小速率的系统容量最大化资源分配算法。该算法考虑了应急场景内通话类等低速率业务剧增的情况,首先根据用户速率由低到高依次分配子载波,然后根据分得的子载波数之比将剩余子载波按照用户速率由高到低分配;对于有盈余带宽的子载波,采用子载波分组的方法再分配,从而 最大化 系统服务用户数。为了补偿信道衰弱和抑制信道间干扰,提出一种对子载波信道矩阵分组的功率分配方法,减少了迭代次数,降低了复杂度。从吞吐量、服务用户数和计算复杂度等方面评估了容量最大化算法的性能。仿真结果表明,相对于传统的资源分配算法,所提算法增加了系统服务用户数,减小了计算复杂度。     

基于混合网络的小区间干扰协调研究

在蜂窝与Ad hoc混合网络中,小区边缘用户会受到邻近小区边缘用户的同频干扰.针对该问题,提出一种基于子载波分配的小区间干扰协调方案.该方案中的用户子载波分配选择算法具有信道增益选择性,且能对最小化子载波进行重利用,可提高小区边缘区域用户的通信性能.仿真结果证明,与软频率复用和部分频率复用方案相比,该方案能更有效地增加小区边缘用户的吞吐量.     

OFDMA系统中保证QoS的资源分配研究

针对OFDMA系统的下行链路,提出了一种面向不同业务的低复杂度资源分配算法。方案基于上行链路分配的思想,先进行用户功率和子载波数的确定;然后引入基于用户信道状态、速率要求和延时约束的优先级函数。在子载波的分配中,根据优先级函数分配子载波以满足各类业务的具体要求。仿真结果表明,该算法能够充分利用多用户分集增益,在相同的通信服务质量条件下,算法提高了系统性能,降低了计算复杂度,具有现实意义。     

多用户MIMO—OFDM的资源分配和性能分析

论文主要考虑多用户的MIMO-OFDM问题,以使得各个用户更公平有效地分配网络资源。文章首先给出MIMO-OFDM模型,然后引入反映用户满意程度的效益函数,并给出在MIMO-OFDM模型下的效益函数具体形式。其次,进行资源分配,重点考虑OFDM的各个子载波该分配给哪个用户,以及总功率该如何分配给各个子载波,从而实现系统的最优化。最后,文章给出了仿真结果,并着重对仿真结果进行了详细的性能分析。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。