基于梯度曲面面积与稀疏约束的图像平滑方法

针对纹理图像在平滑过程中低对比度边缘易丢失和纹理细节抑制不彻底等问题,提出基于梯度曲面面积与稀疏约束的图像平滑方法。首先,将图像视作三维空间中的二维嵌入曲面,再在此基础上分析图像的几何特征并提出梯度曲面面积约束正则化项,以提高纹理抑制性能;其次,根据图像的统计特性,建立L₀梯度稀疏与自适应梯度曲面面积约束的混合正则化约束图像平滑模型;最后,采用交替方向乘子法对非凸非光滑的优化模型进行高效求解。通过纹理抑制、边缘检测、纹理增强和图像融合等方面的实验结果可知,所提出的图像平滑算法克服了L₀梯度最小化平滑方法易造成的阶梯效应和欠滤波等缺陷,能够在去除大量纹理信息的同时保持并锐化图像显著的边缘轮廓。     

基于几何蛇模型实现多目标图像的分割算法

蛇模型分为参数蛇、几何蛇两类,参数蛇不易分割多目标图像,而几何蛇是基于水平集理论的,曲线演化与曲线几何特性有关,能方便处理几何拓扑问题,文中详细地给出了基于测地活动线几何蛇模型的算法实现。     

基于几何蛇模型实现多目标图像的分割算法

蛇模型分为参数蛇、几何蛇两类,参数蛇不易分割多目标图像,而几何蛇是基于水平集理论的,曲线演化与曲线几何特性有关,能方便处理几何拓扑问题,文中详细地给出了基于测地活动线几何蛇模型的算法实现。     

基于颜色梯度融合高斯模型的光照突变干扰消除

光照突变对图像处理中的图像检测与识别具有重要影响。在分析光照干扰的突变特性基础上,提出一种基于颜色梯度融合高斯模型的光照突变干扰消除方法。首先通过在传统的高斯图像模型中加入颜色突变梯度融合算子,对传统的模型进行合理的优化,尝试性地消除光照突变对模型稳定性的影响;然后利用背景梯度分布获取的梯度矢量概率对背景区域进行合理的区分。后期的计算机仿真实验结果表明:优化后的模型对于消除图像在光照突变环境下的干扰效果较好,实验数据也支持了这一观点。     

小波与自蛇模型在放大图像清晰化中的应用

针对传统插值放大图像出现的边缘模糊与锯齿化问题,结合小波具有多分辨率分析和局部化时频域特性,提出了一种基于小波插值与改进自蛇模型相结合的放大图像清晰化方法。该方法对无噪声图像采用小波插值对图像进行放大,并用改进自蛇模型对放大后的图像进行边缘修正,而对于噪声图像则采用改进自蛇模型对其进行清晰化处理,通过小波插值进行放大。实验结果显示,采用该方法与传统放大图像清晰方法相比,图像的边缘轮廓清晰度和细节部分的辨识度更精确,同时能够有效提高放大图像的峰值信噪比。     

差分进化算法GVF Snake模型在PET图像分割中的应用

利用PET图像进行诊治时需要对人体病灶精确定位,PET图像中病灶目标区域的分割是早期诊断与治疗的前提和关键。基于传统Snake模型的方法在PET图像分割时存在对初始轮廓过于敏感,难以收敛到目标凹型区域等问题,为此将GVF Snake模型引入PET图像的分割中。为防止GVF Snake模型陷入局部最优,进一步利用差分进化(DE)算法的全局优化特性对GVF Snake模型分割的结果进行优化,提高PET图像分割精度。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地对PET图像中的病灶目标区域进行分割,可避免陷入局部最优且具有良好的实时性。     

传输方程下基于模型的光学层析图像重建

为克服光学层析图像重建的病态性,采用一种基于模型的重建方法来进行图像重建。由于广义高斯马尔可夫随机场模型具有全局平滑、边缘保留等特性,因此将其引入到服从辐射传输方程的光学层析图像重建中,并将其作为图像先验信息,同时通过最大后验概率理论,利用基于梯度的迭代优化算法来对目标函数进行优化求解。鉴于目标函数关于光学参数的梯度计算是算法中的难点,对此,提出了一种基于梯度树的梯度计算方法。实验证明:该方法与不带有先验模型的重建方法相比,不仅可进一步提高图像的重建质量,而且可降低重建病态性。     

基于改进人工萤火虫算法的无线传感网络覆盖优化

为了提高网络资源利用率延长网络生存时间,提出一种基于共轭梯度法改进人工萤火虫算法(CAGSO)的WSN覆盖优化方案;共扼梯度法是利用目标函数的梯度逐步产生共轭方向并将其作为搜索方向的方法,即利用已知点处的梯度构造一组共扼方向并沿这组共扼方向进行搜索,这种方法经有限次迭代必达极小点;首先建立以覆盖率、节点利用率和能量均匀为准则的覆盖优化数学模型,然后采用改进的CAGSO算法求解该模型,从而得出最优覆盖方案;仿真分析说明,相比基本人工萤火虫算法,改进的CAGSO算法优化的网络覆盖率可以达到94.11%,有效实现WSN覆盖优化。     

基于PSO的Markov随机场在医学图像分割中的应用

研究了应用粒子群优化算法（PSO）优化Markov随机场方法对磁共振图像进行分割的算法。建立了基于马尔可夫随机场的图像分割模型,针对马尔可夫随机场图像模型的局部相关特性和最大后验概率估计,将粒子群优化算法应用于该模型,快速获得图像分割目标的全局最优解。实验数据表明该方法的高效性。     

基于改进残差网络的模糊图像无损复原方法

图像拍摄过程中，由于受到错误拍摄操作等因素的影响，图像会出现信息受损等退化现象，其中图像模糊是最为典型的图像退化问题。本次研究以改进常规的残差网络为基础设计了模糊图像无损复原方法。为解决图像模糊中常见的运动模糊，首先通过线性点扩散函数仿真简单的运动模糊模型，并采集模糊图像。其次，通过与跳层结构相结合的方式优化常规的残差网络，解决因网络深度增加带来的梯度弥散和梯度爆炸问题，简化优化后的残差网络结构。最后，将模糊图像输入到优化后的残差网络中，完成模糊图像无损复原。实验表明，该方法提高了图像的高频率细节，有效保留了图像边缘特性，复原效果较好。     

Segmentation of the left ventricle in cardiac cine MRI using a shape-constrained snake model

Segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) is a hot topic in cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images analysis. In this paper, we present an automatic LV myocardial boundary segmentation method using the parametric active contour model (or snake model). By convolving the gradient map of an image, a fast external force named gradient vector convolution (GVC) is presented for the snake model. A circle-based energy is incorporated into the GVC snake model to extract the endocardium. With this prior constraint, the snake contour can conquer the unexpected local minimum stemming from artifacts and papillary muscle, etc. After the endocardium is detected, the original edge map around and within the endocardium is directly set to zero. This modified edge map is used to generate a new GVC force filed, which automatically pushes the snake contour directly to the epicardium by employing the endocardium result as initialization. Meanwhile, a novel shape-similarity based energy is proposed to prevent the snake contour from being strapped in faulty edges and to preserve weak boundaries. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations on our dataset and the publicly available database (e.g. MICCAI 2009) demonstrate the good performance of our algorithm.     

A multi-direction GVF snake for the segmentation of skin cancer images

A multi-direction gradient vector flow (GVF) snake-based scheme is proposed in this paper for the segmentation of skin cancer images. Unlike the traditional anisotropic diffusion (AD) filter, which has many disadvantages such as sensitivity to noise, a new AD filter has been developed to remove the noise. The proposed AD filter uses adaptive threshold selection and a new gradient computation method, which is robust to noise and can effectively remove the hairs. After the noise is removed from the skin cancer image, the image is segmented using a multi-direction GVF snake. The multi-direction GVF snake extends the single direction GVF snake and traces the boundary of the skin cancer even if there are other objects near the skin cancer region. Experiments performed on 11 cancer images show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Segmentation of external force field for automatic initialization and splitting of snakes

Active contours or snakes have been extensively utilized in handling image segmentation and classification problems. In traditional active contour models, snake initialization is performed manually by users, and topological changes, such as splitting of the snake, cannot be automatically handled.In this paper, we introduce a new method to solve the snake initialization and splitting problem, based on an area segmentation approach: the external force field is segmented first, and then the snake initialization and splitting can be automatically performed by using the segmented external force field. Such initialization and splitting produces multiple snakes, each of which is within the capture range associated to an object and will be evolved to the object boundary.The external force used in this paper is a gradient vector flow with an edge-preserving property (EPGVF), which can prevent the snakes from passing over weak boundaries. To segment the external force field, we represent it with a graph, and a graph-theory approach can be taken to determine the membership of each pixel. Experimental results establish the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Spatiotemporal directional coherence-based scrolling-text detection for frame rate up-conversion

This paper proposes a novel scrolling-text detection method that uses spatiotemporal directional coherence for frame rate up-conversion. Spatiotemporal directional coherence is defined as the coherence level of the spatiotemporal gradient distribution in consecutive frames. Existing scrolling-text detection methods usually detect text using the motion vectors of an image or the distributions of gradient components. The number of motion vectors to determine the scrolling-text decreases at the start and end points of the frame boundary. Therefore, they have difficulty accurately detecting the scrolling text from the start or end points of a frame boundary. The distributions of gradient components can be generated by non-scrolling-text components and they cannot consider the temporal information of consecutive frames, so they may erroneously detect non-scrolling-text regions as the scrolling-text. Unlike the previous methods, which are vulnerable to the presence of texture and noise, the core idea of the proposed method is to use the spatiotemporal directional coherence of the gradient components in the consecutive frames to detect the regions with a dominant edge orientation component for generation of the scrolling-text map and use bit codes from the luminance values to analyze the diversity of luminance patterns for refinement process. With these, the proposed method can further improve the detection accuracy compared to the benchmark methods. The experimental results showed that the proposed method enhanced the average F₁ score by up to 0.5195 (a 137.69 % improvement) compared to the benchmark methods. The average computation time per pixel of the proposed method was also reduced by up to 16.205 μs (a 70.57 % reduction) compared to the benchmark methods.     

采用3D Gaussian Facet模型的亚体素表面检测

提出一种基于Gaussian facet模型的3D边缘检测算法.首先利用Gaussian加权最小二乘拟合,引入空间权因子表达图像采样点对模型参数估计的相对重要度,扩展了经典Haralick facet模型,建立了3D Gaussian facet模型及其计算公式;然后采用抗噪性好的3D IDDG算子估计梯度方向,并在该梯度方向上计算二阶方向导数过零点,以获得表面点亚体素位置.实验结果表明,该算法能有效地降低邻近边缘干涉对检测结果的影响,可更好地提取尺寸较小的结构边缘.     

基于改进Snake模型的超声乳腺肿瘤轮廓提取

二维超声影像中肿瘤轮廓特征是判断乳腺肿瘤的良恶性的重要依据。针对超声医学图像的特点,本研究对经典的Snake模型进行了改进:内部能量中加入轮廓平均长度项的控制;外部能量由基于图像统计特征的区域能量以及梯度方向势能决定,并提出了基于贪婪算法求解模型最小值的快速算法。实验结果显示本算法在噪声强度较大的模拟图像和超声医学图像中均取得了同人工分割近似的结果,而经典的Snake模型和GVF模型受噪声干扰较大。大量的实验证明本算法有效地克服了散斑噪声对分割结果的影响,可准确高效地提取超声图像中的乳腺肿瘤轮廓。     

Image preprocessing method based on local approximation gradient with application to face recognition

In order to obtain more robust face recognition results, the paper proposes an image preprocessing method based on local approximation gradient (LAG). The traditional gradient is only calculated along 0° and 90°; however, there exist many other directional gradients in an image block. To consider more directional gradients, we introduce a novel LAG operator. The LAG operator is actually calculated by integrating more directional gradients. Because of considering more directional gradients, LAG captures more edge information for each pixel of an image and finally generates an LAG image, which achieves a more robust image dissimilarity between images. An LAG image is normalized into an augmented feature vector using the “z-score” method. The dimensionality of the augmented feature vector is reduced by linear discriminant analysis to yield a low-dimensional feature vector. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves more robust results in comparison with state-of-the-art methods in AR, Extended Yale B and CMU PIE face database.     

A novel optic disc detection scheme on retinal images

Robust and effective optic disc detection is a necessary processing component in automatic retinal screening systems. In this paper, optic disc localization is achieved by a novel illumination correction operation, and contour segmentation is completed by a supervised gradient vector flow snake (SGVF snake) model. Conventional GVF snake is not sufficient to segment contour due to vessel occlusion and fuzzy disc boundaries. In view of this reason, the SGVF snake is extended in each time of deformation iteration, so that the contour points can be classified and updated according to their corresponding feature information. The classification relies on the feature vector extraction and the statistical information generated from training images. This approach is evaluated by means of two publicly available databases, Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction (DRIVE) database and Structured Analysis of the Retina (STARE) database, of color retinal images. The experimental results show that the overall performance is with 95% correct optic disc localization from the two databases and 91% disc boundaries are correctly segmented by the SGVF snake algorithm.     

Video object tracking based on improved gradient vector flow snake and intra-frame centroids tracking method

Accurately tracking the video object in video sequence is a crucial stage for video object processing which has wide applications in different fields. In this paper, a novel video object tracking algorithm based on the improved gradient vector flow (GVF) snake model and intra-frame centroids tracking algorithm is proposed. Unlike traditional gradient vector flow snake, the improved gradient vector flow snake adopts anisotropic diffusion and a four directions edge operator to solve the blurry boundary and edge shifting problem. Then the improved gradient vector flow snake is employed to extract the object contour in each frame of the video sequence. To set the initial contour of the gradient vector flow snake automatically, we design an intra-frame centroids tracking algorithm. Splitting the original video sequence into segments, for each segment, the initial contours of first two frames are set by change detection based on t-distribution significance test. Then, utilizing the redundancy between the consecutive frames, the subsequent frames’ initial contours are obtained by intra-frame motion vectors. Experimental results with several test video sequences indicate the validity and accuracy of the video object tracking.