浅谈标准JB4732和GB150的差异

本文扼要地介绍了JB4732《钢制压力容器一分析设计标准》和GB150《钢制压力容器》，并对两者的差异进行了详细的对比。     

固定式中低压金属压力容器制造过程监督检验要点分析

当前,我国工业快速发展,新的化工产业项目不断投入建设;压力容器是化工产业中不可缺少的化工设备,在化工产品生产过程中起着至关重要的作用。压力容器作为特种设备品种之一,被大量使用于化工产业,压力容器质量好坏直接关系着经济能否高质量发展,人民的生命财产能否得到保护,为进一步提高压力容器制造质量,本文聚焦固定式金属压力容器,围绕厂内制造过程,对压力容器制造监检要点进行具体分析全面做好压力容器制造监检工作。     

压水堆压力容器的制造工艺

压力容器是压水堆核电厂的主要设备之一.本文从压力容器部件的制造及组装、压力容器的焊接、热处理以及制造过程中的检验和试验等方面同要地介绍了压力容器的制造工艺.此外,还着重介绍了压力容器制造过程中的质量保证工作.     

800H合金大型压力容器制造关键技术研究

针对800H材料特性，分析了该材料在大型压力容器制造中裂纹形成机理。对该材料在大型压力容器制造过程中焊接、热处理、无损检测、热加工等关键技术进行了研究，提出相应工艺改进措施。研究结果对优化和改进800H合金大型压力容器制造工艺，确保产品安全质量具有一定参考意义。     

至2008年底我国有344家厂商持ASME证

随着我国制造业技术和制造能力的进一步提高，中国已成为世界制造大国。在锅炉、压力容器产品方面已成为重要的制造者和使用者．并且欧美发达国家已开始将该类产品的制造基地向中国转移，因此2008年新增取证厂家92家，截至2008年底我国ASME持证厂商已达344家，2008年9月我国ASME持证厂商超过加拿大。位居世界第二位．成为美国本土以外持证厂商数量最多的国家，这标志着我国锅炉、压力容器的制造能力与技术已达到新的水平。     

压力容器制造质量保证工作要点分析

作为八大类特种设备之一,压力容器在国民经济的发展中发挥着举足轻重作用,也关乎着人民群众生命和财产的安危。因此,压力容器制造企业应做好质量保证工作,确保压力容器产品制造质量,防范质量风险。本文围绕如何做好压力容器制造质量保证工作展开论述,以分享和交流压力容器制造质量保证工作经验。     

压水堆压力容器设计与技术进展

本文详细介绍了压水堆压力容器设计及制造的进展,并与传统的的压水堆压力容器进行了比较分析.最后.阐述了整体法兰设计的压水堆压力容器在在役检查方面的优点,指出整体法兰设计的压水堆压力容器是今后压水堆压力容器设计与制造的发展趋势.图8表1参8     

压力容器钢板分层缺陷检测及处理

分析了压力容器钢板分层缺陷，针对压力容器制造和定期检验提出了相应的检测和处理方法。     

锅炉压力容器制造质量体系的建立

简述锅炉压力容器制造质量体系建立的策划和实施过程,分别对质量保证手册编制、程序文件的确定及人员任命等过程的实施要点进行了重点阐述,并将锅炉压力容器制造质量体系与ISO9000质量体系进行了对比分析。     

压力容器制造中的变形问题探究

随着时代的不断进步,压力容器在各行各业之中的应用频率越来越高.但是考虑到压力容器生产属于一项复杂的工作,其质量必定会受到诸多因素的影响,进而造成各种问题,而变形就是需要重点应对的问题.本文对压力容器制造中的变形问题进行分析,确保能满足压力容器制造要求.     

Production planning and design in the pressure vessel industry

The effect of several Design Codes on the total cost of pressure vessels is studied. It is shown that a significant reduction in cost can only be achieved through careful consideration of the management of production, including the inspection procedure. Comparative values are given to the costs involved in the various elementary operations that constitute the complete design, fabrication, erection and commissioning for conventional vessels.     

Review of fracture toughness requirements and data relevant to LWR reactor pressure vessels

A survey of current code requirements (ASME and RCC-M) relating to the fracture toughness properties of the ferritic materials used in the fabrication of PWR reactor pressure vessels is presented, together with supporting test data published in the period 1970 to 1985. These fracture toughness properties are discussed in relation to the critical sizes of defect applicable to particular regions of a PWR primary vessel for given design basis transient conditions.     

Elasto-plastic analysis as a basis for design of cylindrical pressure vessels with different end closures

The elasto-plastic investigations described in this paper have been carried out in order to study the performance of unfired cylindrical steel pressure vessels with hemispherical, torispherical, semi-ellipsoidal and toriconical end closures concave to pressure, using the finite element method. The various aspects covered by the study include spread of plastic zones, load-deflection characteristics, head-height growth characteristics, redistribution of effective stresses, effective plastic strain, limit analysis, excessive deformation and shakedown criteria of pressure vessel design. Based upon the results of this analysis, guidelines for the design of cylindrical pressure vessels are indicated in the form of various non-dimensional curves which will be useful for the better design of pressure vessels.     

Corrosion of lined steel pressure equipment in aqueous H2SO4 service in a water treatment plant

This paper details corrosion that occurred in two identical process pressure vessels during the first 4 years of operation. Corrosion occurred at branch nozzles, shell sections and structural attachments, which resulted in unplanned shutdowns and subsequent repairs. In situ vessel modifications were completed in order to reduce the number and frequency of corrosion sites. Design and fabrication considerations that should be assessed in detail during the initial design phase are presented. Issues that can increase the shutdown frequency while decreasing availability and the inspection interval are discussed. Recommendations are made that are intended to alert designers, fabricators, owner/operators and inspectors to fundamental issues associated with lined steel pressure equipment to be considered where such equipment is proposed in a corrosive process environment.     

The formation,significance and evaluation of welding defects in pressure vessels

Considerations and examples concerning the formation of weld defects, such as embrittlement and cracking during fabrication or service, together with characteristic failure analysis, confirm the decisive significance of the material state in the region of a defect for the specification of allowable defect sizes. Especially emphasised are welded joints in pressure vessels manufactured from medium and high strength steels, which are difficult to handle in the welding and heat-treatment process and which, during service at elevated temperatures, tend to be unfavourably changed in their strength and toughness properties.     

Design of a steam-heated sterilizer based on finite element method stress analysis

A steam-heated sterilizer is a pressure vessel of rectangular cross section externally reinforced by members welded to the flat surfaces of the vessel. These members are pressure vessels too with rectangular cross section. The ASME code provides alternative rules (Division 2) for the design of pressure vessels based on a Design By Analysis route. The stresses on the sterilizer were computed by the finite element method followed by the calculation of the stress fields according to the classification established in the ASME code. Structural members with shell intersections (as in the present case) present difficulties due to problems of linearisation and categorisation. In the present work the shell stress resultants were used instead of smoothed stresses. The operating conditions of the vessel involve cyclic application of loads requiring design based on fatigue analysis.     

An efficient design method for obround pressure vessels and their end closures

Obround cross sections find extensive industrial use in pressure vessels and pipings. Yet guidelines for their design are not available in the published literature. The obround shape is inherently unsuitable to withstand internal pressure. Support gussets must be added to such pressure vessels to render their use economical. This paper gives a method to efficiently design a pressurised obround cross section by determining the appropriate gusset plate locations, and the associated bending stresses. Formulae to design the obround flanged end closures are also given.     

压力容器声发射检测系统设计

本文详细介绍了声发射检测系统的软硬件设计，以及相关的滤波，特征提取，模式识别方法。通过现场调试表明，该系统能够有效的对压力容器的典型缺陷进行识别，可以满足压力容器在线检测的需要。     

Elasto-plastic analyses of cylindrical pressure vessels with reversed dished ends

Finite element stress analyses are presented which allow for elastic and elasto-plastic material behaviour for axisymmetric problems of pressure vessels using isoparametric quadrilateral elements with linear, parabolic and cubic displacements. The traditional method of analysis and design of cylindrical pressure vessels with reversed dished ends is based on the well known British Standard BS 5500 Code.¹ The stresses and displacements, especially at and near the junctions, are of great interest to designers. In view of the immense usefulness of such containers, a detailed post yield study has been made based on the stress-strain idealisation for isotropic strain hardening materials—H′= 0·0047E and Von Mises and Tresca yield criteria. The basis for the prediction of load increment sizes for the elasto-plastic analysis and the upper bound for collapse pressure are presented, as well as the excessive deformation and shakedown criteria suitable for the design of reversed dished end containers.     

Review on optimization design,failure analysis and non-destructive testing of composite hydrogen storage vessel

Composite hydrogen storage vessels have been increasingly applied to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. This review focuses on optimization design, failure analysis and nondestructive testing for enhancing the safety of composites hydrogen storage vessels in service. The optimization designs of the composite vessel components help to improve the durability and strength of composite vessels subjected to burst pressure and fatigue loads. In complex service environments, composite vessels may suffer from various failure forms (burst failure, fatigue failure and impact failure) which involve different damage processes and influence factors. More importantly, this review discusses the applications of acoustic emission, digital image correlation, optical fiber in studying the residual performance (burst pressure and fatigue life) and damage modes of the composite vessel. It is expected that the combination of nondestructive testing techniques plays an increasingly important role in developing the composite vessel for structural health monitoring.