C_（60）、C_（70）的提纯方法及对－叔丁基－杯［8］芳烃对C_（60）的分子识别

Ｃ_（６０）、Ｃ_（７０）的提纯方法及对－叔丁基－杯［８］芳烃对Ｃ_（６０）的分子识别本文报道了对电弧法制备的富勒烯烟灰（ｓｏｏｔ）进行提取、浓缩，获得的混合物，进而采用中性氧化铝、硅胶／活性碳层简单吸滤法直接从Ｃ６０／Ｃ７０混合物中制备克级量纯Ｃ６０?..     

C70提纯的新方法

Ｃ＿７０提纯的新方法白雪，蔡瑞芳，陈健，黄祖恩（复旦大学化学系，上海２００４３３）目前用活性炭／硅胶层析柱已能快速、大量（克级以上）地制备纯度＞９９，９％的Ｃ６０［１］，但由于活性炭对Ｃ７０吸附活性过大，致使Ｃ７０及其他高富勒烯牢固地吸附于活性炭层中...     

C60的制备,结构,性质及其衍生物的结构和潜在的应用前景

Ｃ_（６０）是碳的一种新的同素异型结构，本文报道了Ｃ_（６０）的发现与制备方法，Ｃ_６０的形成机制与其结构特征，以及Ｃ_（６０）的性质研究及其衍生物潜在的广阔应用前景。重点介绍用红外（ＩＲ）谱，１３Ｃ核磁共振（ＮＭＲ）谱和Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）谱研究Ｃ_（６０）结构，及掺杂Ｃ_（６０）固体的高温超导电性及其结构的最新研究进展。     

HPMC—60RT50在13.5m^3聚合釜VCM悬浮聚合生产中的应用

采用国产羟丙基甲基纤维素（ＨＰＭＣ）６０ＲＴ５０做为主分散剂比采用５０９生产的聚氯乙烯树脂表观密度和吸油率都有提高。在显微镜下观察树脂颗粒形态非常规整，晶点和条状物明显减少，且树脂中ＶＣＭ残留量完全达到国标要求，故用６０ＲＴ５０完全可取代进口同类产品。     

交联聚酰亚胺的减摩增韧改性

采用短碳纤维（ＣＦ）、聚四氟乙烯（ＰＴＦＥ）和缩合型线性聚酰亚胺（ＣＰＩ），用机械共混、热压模塑的方法，对加成型交联聚酰亚胺（ＡＰＩ）进行减摩增韧性性，并对复合材料的摩擦磨损、力学性能和形态结构进行了测试与分析。研究结果表明，与纯ＡＰＩ相比，含１０％ＣＦ的ＡＰＩ复合材料的冲击强度提高了２８０％；含２０％ＣＰＩ的ＡＰＩ复合材料的冲击强度，弯曲强度分别提高了１５０％和６０％；含３０ＴＰＴＥＥ的ＡＰＩ复     

活性炭在印染废水脱色中的应用

印染废水采用混凝沉淀及砂过滤前处理工艺，可去除几乎全部浊度及部分色度。剩余色度活性炭吸附处理后，能达到回用于生产的水质要求。采用Ｖ２Ｏ５－Ｃａ（Ｃｌ２Ｏ）２催化氧化法再生活性炭效果良好，再生率可达９７％以上。在常温（２５℃）下，也可达８９％。     

沥青基球状活性炭吸附性能的初步研究

通过对非极性有机物（苯）及极质有机构（氯仿）的动态吸附及对溶液中碘的吸附，初步研究了沥青基球状活性炭（ＰＳＡＣ）的吸附性能：作为对比研究了沥青基活性炭纤维（ＰＡＣＦ）和普通粒状活性炭（ＡＣ）与ＦＳＡＣ的吸附性能；结果表明，ＰＳＡＣ无论在气相还是液相吸附方面，其吸附性与ＰＡＣＦ相近，而明显优于ＡＣ。另外，亦从微观孔结构的角度初步探讨了造成它们吸附性能差异的原因。     

对印染污水的吸滤——焚烧处理研究

吸滤———焚烧法是一种“以废治废”，高效、经济、省时、节能的方法。它用高炉烧煤产生的煤渣、粉煤灰、烟尘吸滤印染污水中的染料、浆料、助剂、色质、异味等物质；用煤燃烧时产生的酸性气体（例如ＳＯ２、ＣＯ２、ＮＯ２等）中和印染污水中的碱性物质；焚烧吸滤处理印染污水后的煤渣、粉煤灰、烟尘及其吸附的有机物达到处理废物、节约能源的目的。     

新型含富勒烯的功能材料的研制和光物理研究（下）

４．１．３Ｃ６０、Ｃ７０及其衍生物、共聚物和组合材料的激光烧蚀行为 研究的主要样品为Ｃ６０（Ｃ４Ｈ５ＣＨ２）ｎ、Ｃ６０（Ｃ９Ｈ７）ｎ、Ｃ６０（ＣＣｌ２）ｘ等Ｃ６０加合物，Ｃ６０－ＰＶＫ（聚乙烯　唑）等Ｃ６０高分子共聚物以及Ｃ６０／二氧化硅气凝胶。主要结果如下： （１）研究发现富勒烯材料在激光辐照下在负离子通道中有独特的动力学行为。通过对Ｃ６０及其衍生物正负离子质谱的分析，探讨了在负离子通道中碳笼的解离、俘获小碳簇的生长、增强融合及奇数高碳团簇的形成及其机理。发现碳笼团簇正负离子的解离通道不同，衍生…     

国内信息

甲烷在特制活性炭上吸附性能用不同的原料制得了多种高比表面的活性炭吸附剂。用标准容积法测得高压下（０～５０ＭＰａ）不同活性炭对甲烷的吸脱附等温线,得到了吸附容量和有效吸附容量。研究了温度对吸附等温线的影响。利用ＣｌａｕｓｉｕｓＣｌａｐｅｙｒｏｎ方程解析了甲烷在活性炭上的等量吸附热。结果表明,活性炭对甲烷的吸附存在着滞后现象,活性炭的比表面和堆密度是活性炭吸附性能的主要指标,找到了最佳甲烷吸附剂。（丹清摘自《应用化学》１９９９,１６（３）：３３～３６）桂油与β环糊精包合物的研究采用共沉淀法制备…     

Application of activated charcoal in the downstream processing of bacterial olefinic poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates)

Medium chain length poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (mcl-PHAs) are bacterial thermoplastic elastomers with a large potential in medical applications. The present study provides a novel process to isolate and purify poly([R]-3-hydroxy-omega-undecenoate-co-3-hydroxy-omega-nonenoate-co-3-hydroxy-omega-heptenoate) (PHUE) and poly([R]-3-hydroxy-omega-undecenoate-co-3-hydroxy-omega-nonenoate-co-3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxy-omega-heptenoate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHOUE) from Pseudomonas putida species. Three different types of activated charcoal were compared with regard to their capability to selectively remove impurities. The product 'Charcoal activated, powder, pure' from Merck was found to be most suitable. Using ethyl acetate as solvent, the polyesters were extracted from freeze-dried biomass at room temperature and simultaneously purified by addition of activated charcoal at the beginning of the extraction. The period of extraction was one hour and the ratio solvent to biomass was 15:1 (vol/wt). After extraction, the solids were separated by pressure filtration through a metallic lace tissue. The filtrate was again passed through the previously accumulated filter cake, followed by a second filtration through a 0.45 microm membrane to remove finest coal particles. The resulting filtrate was concentrated, thus yielding polyesters whose quality and yield depended on the quantity of activated charcoal applied. For highly pure PHUE and PHOUE with low endotoxin levels, the optimum ratio of activated charcoal to solvent for extraction (V/V) was found to be 0.5 for PHUE and 0.25 for PHOUE. The yields with regard to the raw polymers amounted to 55 wt% for PHUE and 75 wt% for PHOUE, which are acceptable for polymers that can be used for medical applications.     

The Gas Removal Effect of Bamboo Charcoal/Nylon 6 Blended Fibers

Bamboo charcoal was activated by carbon dioxide and was blended with Nylon 6 to spin into fiber. The gas removal effect was performed by evaluating the reduction rate for acetic acid gas of charcoal and charcoal contained fiber. The result indicated that the charcoal activated by carbon dioxide could reach the highest specific surface area up to 1405.6 m²/g. The reduction rate was 99% when 1 g charcoal placed in 5 L sampling bag. The reduction rate of Nylon 6 fiber containing 1.0 wt% charcoal was among 64% to 67%; the pure Nylon 6 fiber had a lowest reduction rate of 33%.     

A highly improved method for purification of fullerenes applicable to large-scale production

Purification of fullerenes was accomplished by filtration of fullerene extract through a thin layer of activated carbon. Under the optimum conditions, chlorobenzene was used as eluent to diminish the volume of solvent remarkably. The thickness of the carbon layer was only 3-17 mm (activated carbon/fullerene mixture (w/w)=1/3-1/10) enough to obtain pure C₆₀ in good yield. The method presented here is much more convenient than column chromatography commonly used so far and can be applicable to large-scale production of pure C₆₀ and C₇₀. From a mechanistic point of view, fullerenes are considered to be discriminated in the activated carbon pores which have a little larger diameter than the size of fullerenes (1.0-2.0 nm) by π-π interaction between fullerene surface and fused aromatic rings composing the pores.     

Adsorptive Separation of Entrained Di-Nonyl Phenyl Phosphoric Acid from Merchant Grade Phosphoric Acid by Activated Charcoal: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies

The separation of entrained di-nonyl phenyl phosphoric acid (DNPPA) from merchant grade phosphoric acid (MGA) by adsorption on the coconut shell based activated charcoal has been carried out. The effect of various process parameters, such as DNPPA concentration in aqueous phase of MGA, equilibrium time, amount of activated charcoal and temperature upon adsorption capacity of activated charcoal has been studied. The results showed that the adsorption equilibrium was reached after 240 minutes. The adsorption phenomenon followed pseudo-second order kinetics. Adsorption of DNPPA increased with initial concentration of DNPPA in the range of 50 to 200 mg/L. The experimental data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model. Decrease in adsorption with increase in temperature suggests that the adsorption process is exothermic in nature. The value of enthalpy change (ΔH = ?35.52 kJ/mol) indicated that DNPPA adsorption on activated charcoal is a physisorption phenomenon. Column operation was carried out to obtain a breakthrough curve. Desorption of DNPPA with 10% NaOH yielded near quantitative regeneration of activated charcoal in three contacts.     

Desulfurization of Model Oil through Adsorption over Activated Charcoal and Bentonite Clay Composites

Adsorption of dibenzothiophene (DBT) from model oil was investigated using composites of pure activated charcoal and pure bentonite clay. DBT adsorption was carried out in batch mode experiments at laboratory scale, where the developed composite materials showed a synergistic effect in removal of DBT from the model oil in terms of improved surface acidity of the pure activated charcoal and mesoporous structure of the pure bentonite clay. Thermodynamics, kinetics, and optimization of various adsorption parameters were investigated. Kinetic analyses proved that DBT adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. To study the thermodynamics of the adsorption, different isotherm adsorption models were applied. The Langmuir isotherm best fitted to the adsorption data. Various thermodynamic parameters were evaluated, including Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy.     

Preparation and characterization of low molecular weight silk fibroin by high‐temperature and high‐pressure method

A low molecular weight silk fibroin powder (LMSF) was prepared through high temperature (200°C) and high pressure (20 kgf/cm²), without any addition of chemicals. The carbonized adducts produced during this process were then removed by treatment with activated charcoal. The yield of LMSF by this preparation method was over 60% after the removal of carbonized adducts by using activated charcoal. Amino acid analysis showed an observable decrease in contents of serine and tyrosine in LMSF prepared by this method, as compared to those prepared by neutral salt. The molecular weight of this LMSF was also observably decreased with an increase in the reaction time. From the measurements of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), thermal properties of LMSF through high temperature and high pressure were also decreased as compared to those produced by neutral salts. In addition, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns showed that the crystallinity of LMSF differed from that of the original silk fibroin. It can be said that the preparation method of LMSF in this study is a simple, economical, and environmentally compatible process with many advantages. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2890–2895, 2002     

Purification of carbon dioxide produced during the fermentative production of fodder yeast and ethyl alcohol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The impurities present in carbon dioxide produced during the fermentative production of fodder yeast and ethyl alcohol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae were mainly acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde. 2,4-DNP reagent was sensitive to these impurities and they were precipitated as hydrazones. The soluble volatile organic compounds were completely removed in washers (I and II). The other impurities present in carbon dioxide were removed by treating the gas with potassium permanganate and activated charcoal to obtain pure gas. The system used in the purification of carbon dioxide in the factory was efficient when washing water was sufficient (2400 litres of running water/h) and the potassium permanganate solution was changed when it was exhausted.     

Purification of carbon dioxide produced during the fermentative production of fodder yeast and ethyl alcohol by saccharomyces cerevisiae

The impurities present in carbon dioxide produced during the fermentative production of fodder yeast and ethyl alcohol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae were mainly acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde. 2,4-DNP reagent was sensitive to these impurities and they were precipitated as hydrazones. The soluble volatile organic compounds were completely removed in washers (I and II). The other impurities present in carbon dioxide were removed by treating the gas with potassium permanganate and activated charcoal to obtain pure gas. The system used in the purification of carbon dioxide in the factory was efficient when washing water was sufficient (2400 litres of running water/h) and the potassium permanganate solution was changed when it was exhausted.     

Soluble activated charcoal

Reduction of activated charcoal by lithium in liquid ammonia yields charcoal salts that can be reacted with dodecyl iodide to yield soluble dodecylated activated charcoal. Atomic force microscopy images reveal a heterogeneous size distribution of nearly spherical nanoparticles. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images show a layered microcrystalline arrangement that becomes separated to form mostly single layered disordered structures after dodecylation. A ¹H-¹³C cross polarization magic angle spinning spectrum of the charcoal revealed a broad, featureless signal from sp² carbons and a much weaker broad signal from aliphatic carbons.     

新型多孔炭的制备及其储锂性能

以竹笋为原料炭化获得生物质炭,再用氢氧化钾活化得到多孔生物质炭,采用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和氮气物理吸附等方法对多孔生物质炭的微观结构和形貌进行了表征。以此多孔生物质炭作负极材料探究其电化学性能,结果表明在1 000 mA/g电流密度下,材料的首次充电比容量为286.9 mA·h/g,循环50次后充电比容量保持在201.8 mA·h/g,循环500次后充电比容量仍有221.5 mA·h/g,表明此多孔炭材料具有优良的电化学循环性能,使其有望成为具有竞争力的锂电池负极材料。