医院获得性血流感染的6种常见病原菌耐药性及患者死亡情况分析

目的研究医院获得性血流感染的6种主要病原菌耐药情况以及血流感染后患者死亡情况。方法对由大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌所致的492例医院获得性血流感染病例及死亡情况进行回顾性分析。结果大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌所致医院获得性血流感染患者总体死亡率分别为22.29%、23.44%、28.28%、28.30%、36.25%、38.46%。血流感染大肠埃希菌中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株占50.96%,金黄色葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌占62.63%,多耐药菌株占所有铜绿假单胞菌的23.44%,耐碳青霉烯菌株占所有鲍曼不动杆菌的54.72%,耐高单位庆大霉素菌株在屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌中分别占71.25%和56.41%。结论粪肠球菌所致医院获得性血流感染的患者死亡率最高,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌所致死亡率高于甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌,耐碳青霉烯鲍曼不动杆菌所致死亡率高于非耐药者。     

美科学家开发可灭艾滋病病毒的激光器

美国亚利桑那州立大学设计出一种革命性的激光技术,它可以消灭艾滋病病毒和细菌,而不损害人体细胞,也有助于减少医院抗药性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染的扩散。     

电话转呼器

<正> HT-978电话转呼器分为A、B两种机型,具有以下功能:(1)可互相转移呼叫。外部来电话时,两机同时响铃,如果甲摘机后被告知找乙,则可按下转呼器上的转呼开关,这时甲、乙机转呼器均响铃,乙摘机,铃音停后甲挂机,乙机可对外通话。(2)互相通话(A型机)。甲摘机并按转呼器转呼开关,甲、乙机转呼器同时响铃,乙摘机后铃音停,甲、乙机可实现内部通话。(3)通话保密(B型机)。甲机打电话时,乙机摘机听不到通话内容。(4)设有三种音乐信号,具有多种组合方式,且每台单机的呼叫音和被呼音各不相同,适于有多条外线、多部电话或相邻较近又不便喊话的场所。     

血培养阳性病原菌种类及仪器报警时间分析

目的分析血培养阳性病原菌种类及仪器报警时间。方法回顾性收集BacT／Alert3D全自动血培养仪对3035份血液培养的结果,分析血标本在需氧瓶和厌氧瓶中生长细菌的种类及仪器报警时间。结果3035例血培养标本中596份阳性,分离到608株细菌,55株念珠菌,其中革兰阳性细菌占59．1％,革兰阴性细菌占32．6％,念珠菌占8．3％。单纯需氧瓶培养的阳性率为16．2％,单纯厌氧瓶培养的阳性率为4．3％,同时进行需氧瓶及厌氧瓶培养的总阳性率为23．3％。对引起血液感染细菌,仪器在24h、48h和72h内阳性报警率分别为54．6％、84．5％和95．2％。结论同时进行需氧瓶及厌氧瓶培养能提高血培养阳性率。常见引起血液感染的细菌和念珠菌能在5d内得到仪器的阳性报警。     

万能插接转换器

广播电视工作者经常遇到音频、视频、射频各类插接件的转换问题。市场上出售的双通插接转换器性能指标虽较高,但种类繁多,很难备齐,而且容易散失。我们试制的“万能插接转换器”,使用方便,一般情况下可满足工作的需要。 万能插接转换器分为音频和视(射)频两种。视(射)频插接转换器原理见图1。假设A、B、C、D、E、F分别为6种不同型式的视(射)频插座,其中A型的有5个,型式完全相同(建议采用BNC型,即Q9型),为了叙述方便,分别标以A_1、A_2、A_3、A_4、A_5。由图可见,这个插接转换器可直接实现下列5种转换:A～B,A～C,A～D,A～E,A～F     

2011年中国国际信息通信展览会举行

2011年9月26-30日"2011年中国国际信息通信展览会"(PT/EXPO COMM CHINA 2011)在北京中国国际展览中心举行。"中国国际信息通信展览会"自1990年首次举办以来,已成功举办19届,累积参观观众超过370万人次。本届展会使国展1A、1B、2B、2、3、4、5、6、7、8A、8B,八个展馆共11个展厅和部分室外展     

氦氖激光治疗结核性腹膜炎临床观察与研究

1　选例与方法选例 :本文中病例系我院 1 994年 3月～ 1 999年 4月收治的结核性腹膜炎病人共 1 5 6例 ,随机分为两组 ,以兹对照。激光治疗组 :用氦氖激光散焦照射腹部配合抗结核药物治疗的结核性腹膜炎患者 86例 ,其中男 38例 ,女 48例 ,平均年龄为 2 6 .4岁 ( 1 6～ 42岁 )渗出型 5 9例 ,粘连型和干酪型 2 7例。单纯治疗组 :单纯应用抗结核药物治疗的结核性腹膜炎病人 70例 ,男31例 ,女 39例 ,平均年龄 2 4.8岁 ( 1 5～ 43岁 )渗出型 48型 ,粘连型和干酪型 2 2例。以上两组病人均采用 6ＳＨＲＺ或 6ＳＨＲＥ方案治疗。 (Ｈ :异烟肼 ,Ｒ :利…     

激光治疗急性乳腺炎

急性乳腺炎是因细菌(主要是金黄色葡萄球菌)侵入乳腺和乳管组织而引起的乳房感染。此病多发生于产后哺乳期;病程进展亦较快,约10天左右即到成脓阶段。若能在初期控制(红肿、热、痛时),患者痛苦大减。我院自1979年6     

红外多光子吸收分离硼同位素研究

一、引言 1974年R.B.Ambartzumian,V.S.Letokhov等用脉冲CO_2激光照射BCl_3分子观察到“瞬时”可见荧光,认为是BCl_3分子吸收了多个红外光子而产生无碰撞离解。利用分解碎片与氧的反应,第一次记录到同位素选择性反应,其瞬时分离系数达10。后用HBr作化学清除剂,分离系数达20,但反应是可逆的。此外,用H_2S,H_2,H_2+Ti等体系作了研究,但其生成物大多不稳     

产品信息

82型多用途计算机实验台82型多用途计算机实验台是金华无线电厂生产的手提武通用集成电路实验装置,分为A、B两种型号.结构特点为:1.四组不同规格的电源??各档电源均具有电压短路、电流过载保护.2.可控、可选、可组合的时标系统     

Biodegradable Supramolecular Materials Based on Cationic Polyaspartamides and Pillar[5]arene for Targeting Gram‐Positive Bacteria and Mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance

The increasing number of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria has severely affected human society, for instance, numerous deaths are from Gram‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) each year. In this work, four biodegradable antibacterial polymer materials based on cationic polyaspartamide derivatives with different lengths of side chains are synthesized through the ring‐opening polymerization of β‐benzyl‐l ‐aspartate N‐carboxy anhydride, followed by an aminolysis reaction and subsequent methylation reaction. The cationic quaternary ammonium groups contribute to the insertion of the catiomers into the negatively charged bacterial membranes, which leads to membranolysis, the leakage of bacterial content, and the death of pathogens. Except for wiping out MRSA readily, the biodegradable polymers possessing alterable antibacterial potency can minimize the possibility of microbial resistance and mitigate drug accumulation by virtue of their cleavable backbone. To manipulate the poor biocompatibility of these polycations, carboxylatopillar[5]arene (CP[5]A) is introduced to the polymeric antibacterial catiomers through the supramolecular host–guest approach to obtain novel antibacterial materials with pH‐sensitive characteristics (with CP[5]A departure from cationic quaternary ammonium compounds under acid conditions) and selective targeting of Gram‐positive bacteria. Finally, the facile and robust antibacterial system is successfully applied to in vivo MRSA‐infected wound healing, providing a significant reference for the construction of advanced antibacterial biomaterials.     

Self‐Healing Materials via Reversible Crosslinking of Poly(ethylene oxide)‐Block‐Poly(furfuryl glycidyl ether) (PEO‐b‐PFGE) Block Copolymer Films

The application of well‐defined poly(furfuryl glycidyl ether) (PFGE) homopolymers and poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(furfuryl glycidyl ether) (PEO‐b‐PFGE) block copolymers synthesized by living anionic polymerization as self‐healing materials is demonstrated. This is achieved by thermo‐reversible network formation via (retro) Diels‐Alder chemistry between the furan groups in the side‐chain of the PFGE segments and a bifunctional maleimide crosslinker within drop‐cast polymer films. The process is studied in detail by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), depth‐sensing indentation, and profilometry. It is shown that such materials are capable of healing complex scratch patterns, also multiple times. Furthermore, microphase separation within PEO‐b‐PFGE block copolymer films is indicated by small angle X‐ray scattering (lamellar morphology with a domain spacing of approximately 19 nm), differential scanning calorimetry, and contact angle measurements.     

Poly(ionic liquid)/Ce-Based Antimicrobial Nanofibrous Membrane for Blocking Drug-Resistance Dissemination from MRSA-Infected Wounds

Resistant bacteria have become a global threat. Even if bacteria are killed, their carried drug-resistant genes can remain in the environment and spread to other microbes via horizontal gene transfer. Development of antimicrobial materials with intrinsic gene break down activity can prevent the dissemination of released drug-resistant genes from the dead bacteria. Herein, imidazolium type poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)/cerium (IV) ion-based electrospun nanofibrous membranes (PIL-Ce) are synthesized. The effects of PIL and Ce moieties on the antimicrobial properties against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and kanamycin-resistant E. coli, and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), as well as deoxyribonuclease-mimic activities to the drug-resistant genes of Kan^R (E. coli) and mecA (MRSA) are investigated. The Ce-containing PIL membranes show the high efficiencies to eradicate bacteria and disintegrate drug-resistant genes. A wound treatment test using MRSA infected mice as the model further demonstrate that PIL-Ce membranes combine both antibacterial and DNase-mimic properties, and may have the potential application as a new “green” wound dressing to block the drug resistance spread in a clinical setting.     

Scanning and negative-staining electron microscopy of protoplast regeneration of a wild-type and two chitin synthase mutants in the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata

Protoplast regeneration of a wild-type and two mutant strains of Candida glabrata defective in CHS3 homologues encoding class IV chitin synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined by scanning and negative-staining electron microscopy. In the wild-type strain, small particles and short filaments appeared on the protoplast surface at 10?min, filamentous materials covered the entire surface of the protoplast at 1?h, granular materials started filling interspaces of filamentous materials at 2?h and regeneration was completed at 6?h. The filamentous materials consisted of microfibrils of various widths ranging from ≤5 to 40?nm, and composed of β-glucan. Protoplasts of the two chitin synthase mutant strains of Δchs3A and Δchs3B completed regeneration essentially by the same process as wild-type strain, although it took more time. These results suggest that CHS3A and CHS3B genes may have important roles in cell wall formation during protoplast regeneration, but can be compensated by other cell wall enzymes.     

Synchronous multicast and broadcast service in multi-rate IEEE 802.16j WiMAX relay network

IEEE 802.16j Mobile Multihop Relay Standard defines multi-hop relay operation in a WiMAX system. It uses a novel synchronous multicast and broadcast transmission mechanism to achieve macro diversity. With the newly introduced synchronous delivery constraint, the multicast data delivery algorithm should be designed differently to enhance system performance. This paper provides Multi-Rate Selection Algorithm (MRSA) for multicast and broadcast (MBS) data delivery. It could reduce the data distribution delay from the BS to all the RSs. Besides, we also propose the path selection algorithm to further improve the effectiveness of MRSA. Our simulation results show that using MRSA with our shortest-path path selection algorithm, the delay for data delivery in 802.16j MBS system could be greatly reduced. The proposed scheme could achieve the performance closed to the optimal solutions. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first research work to investigate the IEEE 802.16j multicast and broadcast problem.     

Nanoparticle‐Based Antivirulence Vaccine for the Management of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infection

With the rising threat of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, vaccination is becoming an increasingly important strategy to prevent and manage bacterial infections. Made from deactivated bacterial toxins, toxoid vaccines are widely used in the clinic as they help to combat the virulence mechanisms employed by different pathogens. Here, the efficacy of a biomimetic nanoparticle‐based antivirulence vaccine is examined in a mouse model of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infection. Vaccination with nanoparticle‐detained staphylococcal α‐hemolysin (Hla) effectively triggers the formation of germinal centers and induces high anti‐Hla titers. Compared to mice vaccinated with control samples, those vaccinated with the nanoparticle toxoid show superior protective immunity against MRSA skin infection. The vaccination not only inhibits lesion formation at the site of bacterial challenge but also reduces the invasiveness of MRSA, preventing dissemination into other organs. Overall, this biomimetic nanoparticle‐based toxin detainment strategy is a promising method for the design of potent antivirulence vaccines for managing bacterial infections.     

Spatially resolved optical spectroscopy of GaAs islands on InAs (111)

Three-dimensional micrometer-sized GaAs islands, with pyramidal shapes, have been grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy on (111)B InAs. The local strain profile in a single isolated pyramid is deduced from spatially resolved Raman and photoluminescence measurements. High residual tensile strains are found in the GaAs layer surrounding the pyramid. The strain in the pyramid is progressively relaxed from the bottom to the top (nearly strain-free). Furthermore, the Raman selection rules are correlated to the [111] substrate orientation and the high index pyramid facets.     

Effect of vaccination of mice with endogenous retrovirus on the development of tumors induced by gamma-irradiation or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene

Mouse vaccination with alive endogenous N-tropic virus OA-3 inhibited and decreased the development of the Rauscher leukemia in C57B1/6 mice (B-type) and SWR mice (N-type) as well as the development 7,12-dimethyl benzanthracene (DMBA)-induced tumours in mouse hybrids (neither N-, nor B-types). The effect of vaccination was DMBA- or MLV-P-dose-dependent. Vaccination with the same virus did not affect the incidence of gamma-irradiation-induced leukemia in CBA mice (N-type) and C57B1/6 mice while it increased twice the incidence of radiation leukemia in DBA mice (N-type). However, the incidence of thymomas lowered in radiation leukemia-bearing vaccinated mice of all the 3 strains, which may result from inhibition of murine thymotropic endogenous virus reproduction. The data obtained indicate the participation of murine own endogenous viruses in DMBA- or gamma-irradiation induced carcinogenesis.     

Key Dimensions of Inhibitors for the Deployment of Web-Based Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce

There has been a rapid increase in the number of firms undertaking business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce (e-commerce) initiatives. Although there are various benefits to B2B e-commerce, there are also inhibitors to its deployment. This study empirically investigates the inhibitors for deploying Web-based B2B e-commerce applications in organizations. A field survey of senior IT executives was conducted to examine the key problems that inhibit the deployment of Web-based B2B e-commerce. A comprehensive list of inhibitors was derived from an extensive review of the literature and pretested with senior IT executives. Data from 249 firms were factor analyzed to yield the underlying structural dimensions of inhibitors impacting the deployment of Web-based B2B e-commerce. Univariate$ t$-test and multivariate discriminant analysis were carried out on the resulting ten dimensions to compare B2B (i.e., firms who have deployed B2B) and non-B2B firms (i.e., firms who have not deployed B2B). The results suggest that key inhibitors in B2B deployment are the lack of top management support, unresolved technical issues, the lack of e-commerce strategy, and the difficulties in cost-benefit assessment of e-commerce investments. Implications of the results for researchers and IT/engineering management executives are discussed.     

High-speed, all-optical XOR gates using semiconductor optical amplifiers in ultrafast nonlinear interferometers

We will review three recently-proposed high-speed, all-optical Exclusive OR (XOR) gates operating at 40 and 85?Gb/s, which were demonstrated using ultrafast nonlinear interferometers (UNIs) incorporating semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). The first 40-Gb/s XOR gate was obtained using a dual UNI configuration. The second is a 40-Gb/s XOR gate without additional probe beam required, where the only inputs launched into the setup were data A and B. The XOR logic of data A and B is the sum of two components (A)B and(A)B , each of which was obtained from the output of UNI via cross-phase modulation (XPM) in SOAs. Furthermore, an 85-Gb/s XOR gate is, by far, the fastest XOR gate realized by SOAs, which was also demonstrated using a dual UNI structure. The operating speed of the XOR gate was enhanced by incorporating the recently proposed turbo-switch configuration. In addition, the SOA switching pulse energies of these XOR gates were lower than 100 fJ.