PBTG法快速求解粗糙海面散射增强效应

针对矩量法(MOM)不能有效求解大尺度粗糙介质表面散射特性的问题,采用基于物理的双网格法(PBTG)快速计算了高斯粗糙海面的散射特性,对比了不同矩阵维数下的求解时间,研究了水平、垂直极化下粗糙海面的散射增强现象。通过与矩量法的比较,证明了PBTG法的高效性。     

分层粗糙面下方介质目标散射的快速算法

为快速获取分层粗糙面与下方介质目标的复合电磁散射特性,提出了一种基于前后向迭代算法(FBM)和双共轭梯度法(Bi-CG)的快速互耦迭代算法。推导了一维分层粗糙面与下方介质目标(二维散射问题)的耦合边界积分方程组,用FBM求解分层粗糙面的表面积分方程,而用Bi-CG求解目标的表面积分方程,目标和粗糙面的相互耦合作用通过更新两方程的激励项来迭代求解。应用该算法计算了下方存在介质目标时双层介质粗糙面的双站散射系数,与传统矩量法得到的结果相吻合,验证了该算法的正确性;分析了不同极化波入射时该算法的收敛性,讨论了目标尺寸和位置变化对双站散射系数的影响。     

快速计算一维分层粗糙面之间金属目标复合散射的互耦迭代算法

为研究一维分层介质粗糙面之间金属目标的复合电磁散射特性,该文提出了一种结合前后向迭代算法(FBM)和双共轭梯度法(Bi-CG)的快速互耦迭代算法(CCIA)。推导了分层粗糙面与金属目标的耦合边界积分方程组,采用FBM和Bi-CG分别求解分层粗糙面与目标的边界积分方程,目标和分层粗糙面的相互作用通过更新两方程的激励项来实现。计算了双层介质高斯粗糙面及无限长金属圆柱的复合电磁散射特性,当目标尺寸趋于零时与只有分层粗糙面的散射系数相吻合,验证了该算法的正确性;分析了不同粗糙面情况下该算法的收敛性;讨论了目标尺寸与位置变化对复合散射系数的影响。结果表明,金属目标的存在明显影响了分层粗糙面的散射特性。     

粗糙面下方金属目标复合电磁散射的快速算法

为快速有效计算粗糙面下金属目标的复合电磁散射,提出了一种基于前后向迭代算法(FBM)和共轭梯度(CG)法的快速互耦迭代算(CCIA).首先建立目标与粗糙面的耦合积分方程组,并采用矩量法将其离散为矩阵方程.其次针对得到的耦合积分方程,用FBM求解粗糙面表面电流分布,用CG法求解目标表面电流分布,目标和粗糙面的相互作用通过更新两方程的激励项完成.最后,计算了高斯粗糙面下方无限长金属圆柱目标的复合电磁散射系数,当目标尺寸趋于零或目标深度趋于无穷时的结果与单独介质粗糙面相一致,验证了该数值方法的正确性;同时,讨论了不同粗糙面情况下该方法的收敛性,并分析了不同粗糙面媒质、目标尺寸和目标位置对双站散射系数的影响.     

高斯随机粗糙表面的电磁散射研究

本文利用数值方法研究高斯随机粗糙表面的电磁散射问题.应用矩量法研究高斯随机粗糙表面的电磁散射可以使我们获得较为精确的数值结果.但是,对于表面散射,应用矩量法时,表面未知变量的数目非常大,即使对于一维表面也需要几千个未知变量.当我们求解矩阵方程时,计算机对求解的问题有几个限制,一个是内存的限制,一个是速度的限制.为了克服内存的限制,发展了许多迭代数值算法.本文发展了一种新的数值迭代方法.利用这一方法,我们对高斯随机粗糙表面的电磁散射问题进行了研究,并与矩阵反演方法进行了比较.所得结果表明,这种新的迭代法具有很好的收敛性.     

分形随机粗糙表面的电磁散射研究

本文利用数值方法研究分形随机粗糙表面的电磁散射问题。 应用矩量法研究分形随机粗糙表面的电磁散射可以使我们获得较为精确的数值结果。但是,对于表面散射,应用矩量法时,表面未知变量的数目非常大,即使对于一维表面也需要几千个未知变量。当我们求解矩阵方程时,计算机对求解的问题有几个限制,一个是内存的限制,一个是速度的限制。为了克服内存的限制,发展了许多迭代数值算法。本文发展了一种新的数值迭代方法.利用这一方法,我们对分形随机粗糙表面的电磁散射问题进行了研究, 并与矩阵反演方法进行了比较.所得结果表明,这种新的迭代法具有很好的收敛性。     

结合谱积分加速法的前后向迭代法数值计算分形粗糙介质面的双站散射和透射

本文发展结合谱积分加速法(SAA)的前后向迭代法(FBM),数值模拟电磁波低掠角入射下任意大小的介电常数分形粗糙面的双站散射.将电场和磁场积分方程的阻抗系数阵,按面上场与电流未知量分类排序,形成四个子矩阵.对每个子矩阵通过FBM/SAA快速消元得到其对角线元素组成的新两元系数阵,再通过FBM/SAA迭代计算该两元系数阵的场和面电流.本方法的计算量和内存均与粗糙面离散剖分产生的未知量同量级(O(N)).本文数值计算了TE、TM锥形波入射下任意大小介电常数分形粗糙面的双站散射和透射,并讨论了计算效率与能量守恒,角度性起伏与分数维的关系.     

MLFMA/VIE-MoM大型矩阵方程的快速迭代求解方法

 本文针对体积分方程矩量法(VIE-MoM)分析三维非均匀介质电磁散射问题所导出的大型矩阵方程的求解问题, 基于多层快速极子技术(MLFMA)算法研究了快速近似迭代方法.提出了一种基于MLFMA分组方案对系数矩阵进行重组并提取强耦合元素的近场预条件器的构造方法,有效地提高了广义最小余量法(GMRES)的迭代收敛速度.提出了一种在迭代计算过程中的近似矩阵向量乘积方案,明显降低了单步计算过程中MLFMA远区耦合作用的计算时间.计算实例表明,采用本文的迭代加速技术可使计算速度提高3至5倍,有效地提高了VIE-MoM大型矩阵方程的迭代求解速度.     

三维介质粗糙面上导体目标散射的解析-数值混合算法

推导出二维介质粗糙面与其上三维导体目标复合散射的耦合积分方程,提出目标散射的数值矩量法(Method of Moment,MoM)与粗糙面散射的基尔霍夫解析近似法(Kirchhoff Approximation,KA)相结合的混合迭代算法.理论推导表明:当目标距离粗糙面的高度满足条件时,目标的离散单元在粗糙面上任意一点的散射场满足局部平面波关系,利用粗糙面局部面元的反射和透射关系,得出粗糙面感应场的KA解析计算式.由于粗糙表面的感应场用KA解析计算,只需对目标的感应电流进行一次数值积分,无需数值求解粗糙面的积分方程,节省大量的存储空间和运算时间,能在理论上十分简明、数值计算上十分有效地求解三维体目标与面目标组合的复合散射问题.讨论了目标与粗糙面相互作用的互耦迭代算法的有效性和收敛性.结合Monte-Carlo方法产生随机粗糙面样本,数值分析Gauss介质粗糙面上方的规则导体球或任意不规则六面体的散射,讨论了粗糙面的介电参数和目标几何形状等对双站散射的影响.     

分层粗糙面电磁散射的矩量法研究

本文主要采用矩量法(method of moment MOM)研究了分层粗糙面的电磁散射特性,首先给出了该散射问题的积分方程和矩阵方程,然后通过与时域有限差分(finite difference time domain FDTD)计算结果的对比说明了本文所提算法的有效性,最后讨论了分层粗糙面的均方根高度、相关长度以及两层粗糙面之间的距离对双站散射系数的影响。     

Bistatic scattering and emissivities of random rough dielectriclossy surfaces with the physics-based two-grid method in conjunctionwith the sparse-matrix canonical grid method

Bistatic EM wave scattering from 2-D lossy dielectric random rough surfaces (3-D scattering problem) with large permittivity is studied. For media with large permittivities, the fields can vary rapidly on the surface. Thus, a dense discretization of the surface is required to implement the method of moments (MoM) for the surface integral equations. Such a dense discretization is also required to ensure that the emissivity can be calculated to the required accuracy of 0.01 for passive remote sensing applications. We have developed a physics-based two-grid method (PBTG) that can give the accurate results of the surface fields on the dense grid and also the emissivities. The PBTG consists of using two grids on the surface, the coarse grid and the required dense grid. The PBTG only requires moderate increase in central processing unit (CPU) and memory. In this paper, the numerical results are calculated by using the PBTG in conjunction with the sparse-matrix canonical grid (SMCG) method. The computational complexity and memory requirement for the present algorithm are O(N_scglog(N_scg )) and O(N_scg), respectively, where N_scg is the number of grid points on the coarse grid. Numerical simulations are illustrated for root mean square (rms) height of 0.3 wavelengths and correlation length of 1.0 wavelength. The relative permittivity used is as high as (17+2i). The numerical results are compared with that of the second-order small perturbation method (SPM). The comparisons show that a large difference in brightness temperature exists between the SPM and numerical simulation results for cases with moderate rms slope     

Monte Carlo simulations of wave scattering from lossy dielectricrandom rough surfaces using the physics-based two-grid method and thecanonical-grid method

In using the method of moments to solve scattering by lossy dielectric surfaces, usually a single dense grid (SDG) with 30 points per wavelength is required for accurate results. A single coarse grid (SCG) of ten points per wavelength does not give accurate results. However, the central processing unit (CPU) and memory requirements of SDG are much larger than that of SCG. In a physics-based two-grid method (PBTG) two grids are used: a dense grid and a coarse grid. The method is based on the two observations: (1) Green's function of the lossy dielectric is attenuative and (2) the free-space Green's function is slowly varying on the dense grid. In this paper, the PBTG method is combined with the banded-matrix iterative approach/canonical grid method to solve rough surface scattering problem for both TE and TM cases and also for near grazing incidence. We studied cases of dielectric permittivities as high as (25+i)ϵ₀ and incidence angle up to 85°. Salient features of the numerical results are: (1) an SCG has poorer accuracy for TM case than TE case; (2) PBTG-banded-matrix iterative approach/canonical grid BMIA/CAG method speeds up CPU and preserves the accuracy; it has an accuracy comparable to single dense grid and yet has CPU comparable to single coarse grid; (3) PBTG-BMIA/CAG gives accurate results for emissivity calculations and also for low grazing backscattering problems (LGBA); and (4) the computational complexity and the memory requirements of the present algorithm are O(N log(N)) and O(N), respectively, where N is the number of surface unknowns on the coarse grid     

基于二维粗糙面模型的大地土壤表面散射特性研究

建立二维粗糙面模型研究了大地土壤表面对高频超视距雷达电磁波的散射特性.采用半经验公式计算了HF频段给定频率下土壤媒质在不同温度、湿度时的有效相对介电常数,并与微波频段下情形进行对比.采用Monte Carlo法结合高斯谱函数生成二维粗糙面模拟真实大地土壤表面,建立了土壤表面积分方程,采用锥形波入射消除人为截断粗糙面带来的边缘衍射,采用基于物理意义的双网格法(Physics Based Two Grid,PBTG)结合稀疏网格迭代法(Sparse Matrix Canonical Grid,SMCG)求解土壤表面的双站散射系数.研究了不同温度和湿度条件下,大地土壤表面对高频超视距雷达电磁波的散射特性.研究结果为高频超视距雷达遥感探测提供了理论参考.     

稀疏矩阵规范网格结合物理双网格分析介质海面散射特性与试验验证

采用传统数值方法计算介质粗糙海面后向电磁散射时,波束照射面积随擦地角减小急剧增大,需要消耗大量的内存和计算时间。稀疏矩阵规范网格法用快速傅里叶变换计算远区相互作用,极大地提高了计算速度,同时基于物理的双网格法,依据格林函数在介质和自由空间中随作用距离的衰减特性,采用不同分区的网格划分技术,有效减少了介质粗糙面计算所需的内存量。该文基于Monte-Carlo方法产生不同海情PM谱海面,将上述两种方法结合,数值研究了S和Ku波段后向散射特性随擦地角的变化,并与造波池海面后向电磁散射试验进行对比。试验采用连续波扫频方法测量了造波池模拟的中低海情和缩比高海情1维PM谱海面后向散射系数。计算结果与测量数据相吻合,证明了方法具有较高的效率和可行性。结果分析表明,不同海情下海表面相关长度和散射特性存在明显差异。     

含各向异性介质衬底频率选择表面的直线法分析

运用直线法对一以单轴各向异性介质层为衬底的频率选择表面(FSS)进行了分析,考虑到介质层的各向异性,文中对直线法的常用方式作出了一定的修改,并详细介绍了整个方法实现过程。最后,对几套不同介电参数的FSS进行了计算,考虑了介质衬底的各向异性对FSS电磁特性的影响。     

Scattering by an E plane dielectric sheet in rectangular waveguide

A method for the computation of S-parameters associated with a rectangular waveguide with a rectangular dielectric obstacle is presented. The method uses the Method of Lines and discretization of the dielectric permittivity to treat the dielectric discontinuity along the discretization direction. In this way, the Method of Lines can be applied to analyze waveguide discontinuity with dielectric inhomogenousity along the discretization direction. The numerical results have been verified by both theoretical and experimental results.     

Bistatic scattering and transmitting through a fractal rough surface with high permittivity using the physics-based two-grid method in conjunction with the forward-backward method and spectrum acceleration algorithm

To numerically calculate bistatic scattering from a fractal rough surface with high permittivity, a comprehensive approach of the forward-backward method (FBM) with spectral acceleration algorithm (SAA) combined with the physics-based two-grid (PBTG) method is developed. Bistatic scattering from and transmitting through one-dimensional (1-D) fractal rough surface with high permittivity, under TE and TM tapered wave incidence, are numerically simulated. Angular reflectivity and transmittivity demonstrate the energy conservation and the functional dependences upon the surface parameters.     

任意形状二维介质光子晶体带结构计算

用数值积分和蒙特卡罗的方法分别求解了介电常数分布函数的傅立叶展开系数,用平面波展开法计算了任意形状光子晶体的带隙结构。本方法结果与CST(Computer Simulation Technology)仿真模拟结果以及参考文献[3]中的计算结果分别进行了对比,结果显示,计算结果吻合良好;并分析了禁带随光子晶体排列结构、填充比f和介电常数变化的关系。当光子晶体填充区域的介电常数较小,背景材料填充区域的介电常数较大时,H极化波在f=0.65左右时的带隙最宽,E极化波也开始出现禁带;而光子晶体填充区域的介电常数较大,背景材料填充区域的介电常数较小时,E极化波在f较小时出现了比较宽的禁带;光子晶体填充区域与背景材料填充区域的介电常数越悬殊,禁带的宽度越宽,归一化频率有下降趋势。     

An Efficient Surface Integral Equation Solution to EM Scattering by Chiral Objects Above a Lossy Half Space

In this paper, an extension of the electric-magnetic current combined-field integral equation (JMCFIE) is presented for the efficient analysis of EM scattering by an arbitrary shaped homogenous chiral object located above a lossy half space. This formulation can lead to a well tested equation system using the method of moments (MoM) solution with the vector triangular basis functions and Galerkin's method. The multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is then employed to reduce the memory requirement and computational complexity of the MoM solution. The inner-outer flexible generalized minimal residual (FGMRES) method is used to further speed up the convergence. The accuracy and efficiency are confirmed with a couple of numerical examples.