基于L-R模糊数的综放工作面瓦斯爆燃火灾事故树分析

瓦斯爆燃是矿井火灾的诱发因素之一,由于瓦斯特殊的物理化学性质和赋存条件导致其爆燃形式与煤自燃有许多不同之处.从瓦斯爆燃的三要素入手,结合综放面瓦斯爆燃事故的特点,建立了基于瓦斯爆燃的火灾事故树,在基本事件概率不清楚的情况下,应用模糊数学理论将基本事件概率看作L-R模糊数,对事故树分析得出各个事件的概率值,为矿井防火提供更加科学的参考依据.     

利用事故树分析法确定煤矿瓦斯突出主控因素

在综合分析影响瓦斯突出多项瓦斯地质因素的基础上,探讨了瓦斯突出事故树通用模型的创建方法;结合淮北芦岭矿的井田地质条件和瓦斯突出状况确立了该矿井瓦斯突出事故树事件函数;通过求取其最小割集的基本事件临界重要度系数最终确定了控制瓦斯突出的主导因素.该方法可为瓦斯地质单元的划分和瓦斯突出的区域预测提供定量化依据.     

利用事故树分析法确定煤矿瓦斯突出主控因素

在综合分析影响瓦斯突出多项瓦斯地质因素的基础上,探讨了瓦斯突出事故树通用模型的创建方法;结合淮北芦岭矿的井田地质条件和瓦斯突出状况确立了该矿井瓦斯突出事故树事件函数;通过求取其最小割集的基本事件临界重要度系数最终确定了控制瓦斯突出的主导因素.该方法可为瓦斯地质单元的划分和瓦斯突出的区域预测提供定量化依据.     

应用层次分析法对外因火灾的定量分析

本文在对外因火灾进行事故树分析时,引入了层次分析法确定事故树中每一个基本事件的发生概率,使缺乏基本事件发生概率的事故树的定量分析成为可能,分析结果令人满意。     

三角模糊数聚乙烯装置FTA分析

为了处理传统事故树分析中基本事件的不确定问题,本文选取某石化企业中20×10~(4 )t·a~(-1)聚乙烯装置"火灾、爆炸"事故树作为研究对象,引入模糊理论的概念,将这些没有统计资料的基本事件故障概率用模糊概率来表征.运用一种能解决模糊性并且意义明确的三角模糊数来描述基本事件的模糊概率,逐层求得顶事件发生的模糊概率分布,同时,通过模糊数中值法,求出基本事件模糊重要度,并得到顶事件故障影响因素排序及影响事故的主要因素,得出模糊事故树更具有实际意义.     

模糊事故树法在加氢裂化装置安全评价中的应用

传统事故树分析法应用于实际量化分析时,相当一部分基本事件的概率本身是不确定的、模糊的,因此获得故障的精确概率比较困难,违背了精确概率选取的前提。为了处理传统事故树分析法中基本事件概率的模糊和不确定问题,引入了模糊数学理论的概念,对缺乏统计资料的基本事件进行模糊处理。运用一种能解决模糊性并且意义明确的三角模糊数来描述基本事件的模糊概率,逐层求得各事件发生的模糊概率分布,同时通过模糊数的中值法求出各基本事件的模糊重要度,得到顶上事件故障影响因素的排序,找出导致事故的主要因素,提出能从根本上预防、从关键点控制顶上事件发生的有效措施。     

基于事故树分析法的历史街区火灾致灾因素分析

通过对近三年37起历史街区火灾进行归纳、统计,利用火灾调查理论知识与事故树相结合,统计分析历史街区火灾中的致灾原因,并利用最小割集和最小径集,根据基本事件发生概率,计算出顶上事件的发生概率．最后,对事故树进行重要度分析,确定基本事件的重要顺序,并针对历史街区火灾致灾因素提出控制对策,降低顶上事件发生的概率．     

基于三角模糊数学与事故树分析法的压力管道爆炸研究

由于各种原因压力管道爆炸事故频发,为了保障人民生命财产安全,有效预防油气运输过程中压力管道爆炸事故的发生,通过三角模糊理论把事故树基本事件发生的概率、逻辑门的运算法则、基本事件的重要度三角模糊化,将三角模糊数学和事故树相结合,绘制压力容器爆炸事故树图,计算得出顶上事件发生概率的分布范围,确定了基本事件模糊重要度排序。根据计算结果得知,提高压力容器管道系统的可靠性、防止压力管道发生爆炸,需要优先处理的基本事件是人为破坏、管道附近电线绝缘层老化、控制室线路电流过大、控制管道的阀门密封不良、管道法兰密封不良、操作不规范。根据基本事件的模糊重要度,提出了事故的防范措施。     

基于事故树法的高校学生宿舍火灾分析

运用事故树法对学生宿舍火灾进行分析,同时考虑宿舍管理等因素对事故发生概率的影响,得出火灾事故的发生概率,并对基本事件进行了重要度分析,为学校宿舍管理部门提供了科学依据.     

事故树在高层住宅管道PLG泄漏事故分析中的应用

分析了管道液化石油气(PLG)的泄漏事故,结合某高校高层住宅的实例,应用事故树分析方法,绘制了高层住宅管道液化石油气泄漏的事故树,并计算了结构重要度,估算了基本事件和顶上事件的概率。     

FAULT TREE ANALYSIS OF SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF SULPHIDE ORES AND ITS RISK ASSESSMENT

ＦＡＵＬＴＴＲＥＥＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＳＰＯＮＴＡＮＥＯＵＳＣＯＭＢＵＳＴＩＯＮＯＦＳＵＬＰＨＩＤＥＯＲＥＳＡＮＤＩＴＳＲＩＳＫＡＳＳＥＳＳＭＥＮＴＷｕＣｈａｏ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓＥｘｐｌｏｉｔａｔｉｏｎＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ...     

离散正则化方法在煤矿井下隐蔽火源反演中的应用

矿井煤炭自燃是煤矿五大自然灾害之一,而煤炭自燃隐蔽火源位置的确定是解决煤炭白燃问题的关键。针对矿井隐蔽火源存在的特点,将火源位置的确定问题归结为热传导方程的寻源反问题。在理想状态下,假定火源为线火源,采用离散正则化方法对矿井隐蔽线火源进行反演。反演结果表明：该方法能够准确地反演出火源的特性;通过求解热传导寻源反演的方法是解决矿井隐蔽火源发火特性的有效途径,对矿井防灭火研究具有较高的理论和实际应用价值。     

Fault Diagnosis Approach of Local Ventilation System in Coal Mines Based on Multidisciplinary Technology

In order to reduce the probability of fault occurrence of local ventilation system in coal mine and prevent gas from exceeding the standard limit, an approach incorporating the reliability analysis, rough set theory, genetic algorithm （GA）, and intelligent decision support system （IDSS） was used to establish and develop a fault diagnosis system of local ventilation in coal mine. Fault tree model was established and its reliability analysis was performed. The algorithms and software of key fault symptom and fault diagnosis rule acquiring were also analyzed and developed. Finally, a prototype system was developed and demonstrated by a mine instance. The research results indicate that the proposed approach in this paper can accurately and quickly find the fault reason in a local ventilation system of coal mines and can reduce difficulty of the fault diagnosis of the local ventilation system, which is significant to decrease gas exploding accidents in coal mines.     

煤矿内因火灾防治方法及其有效性分析

介绍了煤矿中煤自然发火的一般规律,并分析了技术方法防(灭)火、均压防(灭)火、黄泥灌浆防(灭)火、氮气防(灭)火、凝胶防(灭)火等几种常用的预防内因火灾的防(灭)火方法;同时,对这些方法的防(灭)火有效性进行了分析,提出了实施这些方法的注意事项,以期能更好地预防煤自燃,从而更好地为矿井安全生产服务.     

Assessment of gas and dust explosion in coal mines by means of fuzzy fault tree analysis

During the past decade, coal dust and gas explosions have been the most two serious types of disasters in China, threatening the lives of miners and causing significant losses in terms of national property. In this paper, an evaluation model of coal dust and gas explosions was constructed based on a fuzzy fault tree by taking the Xingli Coal Mine as a research site to identify the risk factors of coal dust and gas explosions.Furthermore, the hazards associated with such explosions were evaluated for this particular coal mine.After completing an on-site investigation, the fuzzy probabilities of basic events were obtained through expert scoring, and these expert opinions were then aggregated as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers to calculate the degrees of importance of all basic events. Finally, these degrees of importance were sorted. According to the resulting order, the basic events with higher probabilities were determined to identify key hazards in the daily safety management of this particular coal mine. Moreover, effective measures for preventing gas and coal dust explosions were derived. The fuzzy fault tree analysis method is of high significance in the analysis of accidental coal mine explosions and provides theoretical guidance for improving the efficiency of coal mine safety management in a scientific and feasible manner.     

Method for prevention and control of spontaneous combustion of coal seam and its application in mining field

Spontaneous combustion of coal seam has been and continues to be a big problem in coal mines. It could pose great threat to the safety of the whole mine and all miners, especially when it occurs in or nearby coal mines. Besides, environment of area surrounded mines during combustion can be threatened where large amount of toxic gases including CO_2, CO, SO_2 and H_2S can be leased by fire in mine. Hence, it is important and significant for scholars to study the controlling and preventing of the coal seam fire. In this paper, the complicated reasons for the occurrence and development of spontaneous combustion in coal seam are analysed and different models under various air leakage situations are built as well. Based on the model and approximately calculation, the difficulty of fire extinguishment in coal seam is pointed out as the difficulty and poor effect to remove the large amount of heat released. Detailed measurements about backfilling and case analyses are also provided on the basis of the recent ten years' practice of controlling spontaneous combustion in coal seams in China. A technical fire prevention and control method has been concluded as five steps including detection, prevention, sealing, injection and pressure adjustment. However, various backfill materials require different application and environmental factors, so in this paper, analyses and discussion about the effect and engineering application of prevention of spontaneous combustion are provided according to different backfilling technologies and methods. Once the aforementioned fire prevention can be widely applied and regulated in mines, green mining will be achievable concerning mine fire prevention and control.     

注氮防灭火技术在煤矿中的应用

为了有效预防、控制和扑灭井下火灾,通过煤矿对注氮防灭火的实践应用,认为以注氮为主的防灭火是井下预防火灾和减少火灾损失的一种非常有价值和实用的技术,它可用于煤矿自燃发火的预防（稳定和控制发热）、火势控制、窒息火区、可控制的缩封和启封火区。当氮气注入工作面采空区或火区,使氧含量降低到5％～10％时,可抑制煤的氧化自燃以及瓦斯爆炸,而氧含量降低到3％以下时,则可以使煤炭燃烧熄灭并阻止其复燃。该技术在宁夏煤矿火灾的防治中得到多次应用,其技术处在国内先进水平之列,对于开采自燃煤层煤矿火灾预防与防治具有积极的推广价值。     

The shortest period of coal spontaneous combustion on the basis of oxidative heat release intensity

It’s necessary to forecast the shortest spontaneous combustion period for preventing and controlling the coal spontaneous combustion. During the experimental process, a calculating model of the SSCP is established on the basis of the oxidative heat release intensity and thermal capacity at different temperatures. According to the basic parameters of spontaneous combustion, heat of water evaporation and gas desorption, the SSCPs of different coals are further predicted. Finally, this study analyzed the relationships of the SSCP and the judging indexes of the self-ignite tendency. The result shows that the SSCP non-linearly increases with the decrease of dynamic oxygen adsorption and increase of activation energy. Compared with the practical fire situation of mine, this reliable method can meet the actual requirement of mine production.     

乌达矿区煤自燃预测标志气体研究

为遴选预测煤自燃进程的标志气体,采集了乌达矿区6个具有代表性的煤样.在实验室开展煤升温氧化气体产物的测定实验,主要测试了煤样在升温氧化条件下各种气体组分的发生量.根据各种气体组分的发生量及最低检测温度,确定了乌达矿区煤自燃预测预报的标志气体,为该矿区煤自燃火灾的预测预报提供了实验依据,对矿区的安全生产具有较好的指导作用.