逆合成孔径成像激光雷达微多普勒特征分析

逆合成孔径成像激光雷达是一种结合将激光信号和逆合成孔径原理相结合的新体制雷达,能实现对运动目标的超高分辨成像,为提取目标的精细微动特征提供了新的途径。研究了基于逆合成孔径成像激光雷达的目标振动微多普勒特征,分析了目标运动时激光信号的高载频和大带宽对目标微多普勒特征的影响,并通过仿真实验对基于逆合成孔径成像激光雷达的目标微多普勒特征和基于微波波段逆合成孔径雷达的目标微多普勒特征进行了比较,证明了逆合成孔径成像激光雷达能够提供足够的分辨率来分析微小目标微动部件带来的多普勒效应。     

逆合成孔径成像激光雷达微多普勒效应分析及特征提取

 研究了基于逆合成孔径成像激光雷达的目标微多普勒效应,分析了激光信号高载频和大带宽对目标微动点一维距离像的影响,在此基础上建立了相应的微多普勒特征参数方程并讨论了快时间对微多普勒效应的影响.针对逆合成孔径成像激光雷达系统目标微多普勒效应的特点,提出了一种结合二值数学形态学腐蚀膨胀运算和推广Hough变换的目标微多普勒特征提取方法.仿真实验验证了文中微多普勒效应理论分析和微多普勒特征提取算法的正确性,并证明了逆合成孔径成像激光雷达对厘米或毫米量级微动观测的有效性.     

基于ISAL的含旋转部件目标成像及微动特征提取

逆合成孔径激光雷达能实现对目标的高分辨2维成像,但如果目标中包含旋转部件,旋转部件回波带来的微多普勒效应会对目标的成像造成干扰。该文提出一种含旋转部件目标微多普勒特征提取及成像方法,首先利用匹配参考信号的方法对回波信号进行一定程度的非线性补偿,然后通过二值数学形态学方法提取频率-慢时间谱图中微多普勒特征曲线的信息,并利用微多普勒特征曲线的周期性进行曲线分离,实现对目标旋转部件微动参数的快速提取。在此基础上,对主体回波信号和旋转部件回波信号进行分离,完成对目标主体的2维成像。仿真实验验证了该文算法不仅能有效剔除目标旋转部件对逆合成孔径激光雷达成像的干扰,还能通过微多普勒特征的提取为目标识别提供新的途径。     

逆合成孔径成像激光雷达成像算法

逆合成孔径成像激光雷达是一种能实现运动目标超高分辨实时成像的雷达,它在发射激光信号的基础上,运用逆合成孔径原理对目标进行成像。但激光信号具有极高载频、超大带宽和极短波长的特性,传统的距离-多普勒算法不再适用。在对回波信号特征进行分析的基础上,利用重排维格纳分布和Hough变换对光外差探测后的信号进行时频分析以估计目标的运动速度,构造有效的补偿因子,完成了对回波信号的精确运动补偿,并进一步采用Keystone变换完成对目标散射点的越距离单元徙动校正,实现了对目标的高分辨二维成像。仿真实验验证了成像算法的有效性,并通过与微波波段逆合成孔径雷达的比较,证明了逆合成孔径成像激光雷达可实现对运动目标更快速、更高分辨的成像。     

一种逆合成孔径激光雷达成像算法

逆合成孔径激光雷达是一种能实现对运动目标超高分辨实时成像的主动式有源成像雷达。该雷达系统发射的激光信号具有超高频率和超大带宽的特点,因此,微波波段逆合成孔径雷达针对常规目标所采用的回波信号模型不再适用。针对这一问题,给出了适用于逆合成孔径激光雷达的运动目标回波信号模型,分析了激光信号的超高频率带来的脉内多普勒效应,利用基于参考点的运动补偿方法,在匹配滤波处理后通过包络对齐实现对运动参考点轨迹的精确估计,最终获得了精确的参考信号,实现了对运动目标的超高分辨二维成像。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

激光雷达逆合成孔径成像技术现状及关键问题

逆合成孔径成像激光雷达是成像雷达体制的创新和拓展,是逆合成孔径技术和激光雷达技术的创造性结合,以其理论上优异的成像性能和在军事、民用领域的应用前景引起了人们的关注.结合国外典型的逆合成孔径成像激光雷达系统,介绍了该技术的研究进展和现状,理论上分析了激光波段逆合成孔径成像技术相比于微波波段的优势和瓶颈,该技术具有方位向分辨率高、相干积累时间短等优点,但其较大的多普勒频移致使运动补偿相位校正十分困难,讨论了激光雷达逆合成孔径成像技术发展面临的关键问题,诸如激光光源频率稳定性需求、相干探测条件、运动补偿和大气传输补偿等.为进一步对激光雷达逆合成孔径成像技术进行深入理论和实验研究打下了基础.     

逆合成孔径激光雷达鸟类目标压缩感知识别方法

鸟类目标的实时探测与准确识别具有重要意义。提出一种基于压缩感知的逆合成孔径激光雷达鸟类目标探测、成像与识别方法。该方法先利用光外差手段和压缩感知采样来大幅降低鸟类目标逆合成孔径激光雷达回波信号距离向上的采样率,再利用时频分析方法来判别鸟类目标运动状态,然后利用压缩感知重构算法来获得鸟类目标高分辨二维像以及利用拟合算法来提取鸟类目标微多普勒特征。结合获得的高分辨二维像和微多普勒特征可共同进行鸟类目标的鉴别和识别。仿真结果验证了文中方法的有效性。     

基于FRFT-CLEAN的机动目标逆合成孔径激光雷达成像算法

逆合成孔径激光雷达(Inverse Synthetic Aperture Ladar, ISAL)对机动目标成像时,其回波信号存在距离向色散和方位向多普勒时变的问题。对于机动性满足二阶运动近似的目标,分析了其ISAL回波信号特征,该文提出一种基于 FRFT-CLEAN 的 ISAL 成像算法。该算法利用分数阶 Fourier 变换(FRactional Fourier Transform, FRFT)消除距离色散。在运动补偿后,利用FRFT并结合CLEAN技术(FRFT-CLEAN)实现对机动目标的方位成像。仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

逆合成孔径三维成像激光雷达研究

三维图像能准确反应目标的物理特征,提高目标识别的性能,但传统的光学三维成像技术受到扫描体制或阵元个数的限制,很难实现对运动目标的实时成像,针对这一问题,提出了一种将逆合成孔径技术、激光信号与干涉技术相结合的逆合成孔径三维成像激光雷达,给出了系统的初步设计方案,分析了成像的基本原理和实现方法,构建了模拟系统,进行了仿真分析,实验结果验证了该雷达系统的可行性和成像中的优势,最后讨论了系统实现过程中还需要解决的关键问题。     

星对星合成孔径激光雷达成像

随合成孔径激光雷达技术的发展,对人造卫星等空间远距离高速运动目标进行高精度成像成为可能.从合成孔径激光雷达的成像原理出发,理论分析了合成孔径激光雷达在星对星成像侦察中的成像距离、成像分辨率和成像速度等特性;研究了星对星合成孔径激光雷达成像侦察的特征;辨析了激光发射功率、脉冲重频、两星相对速度等参数对成像精度和成像距离的...     

Interfacial reaction and shear strength of SnAgCu-xNi/Ni solder joints during aging at 150 °C

The interfacial microstructure and shear strength of Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu-xNi (SAC-xNi, x = 0.5, 1, and 2) composite solders on Ni/Au finished Cu pads were investigated in detail after aging at 150 °C for up to 1000 h. The interfacial characteristics of composite solder joints were affected significantly by the weight percentages of added Ni micro-particles and aging time. After aging for 200 h, the solder joints of SAC, SAC-0.5Ni and -1Ni presented duplex intermetallic compound (IMC) layers regardless of the initial interfacial structure on as-reflowed joints, whose upper and lower IMC layers were comprised of (CuNi)₆Sn₅ and (NiCu)₃Sn₄, respectively. Only a single (NiCu)₃Sn₄ IMC layer was ever observed at the SAC-2Ni/Ni interface on whole aging process. Based on the compositional analysis, the amount of Ni within the IMC regions increased as the proportion of Ni addition increased. The IMC (NiCu)₃Sn₄ layer thickness on the interface of SAC and SAC-0.5Ni grew more slowly when compared to that of SAC-1Ni and -2Ni, while for the (CuNi)₆Sn₅ layer the reverse is true. Except the IMCs sizes are increased with increased aging time, the interfacial IMCs tended to transfer their morphologies to polyhedra. In all composite joints testing, the shear strengths were approximately equal to non-composite joints. The fracturing observed during shear testing of composite joints occurred in the bulk solder, indicating that the SAC-xNi/Ni solder joints had a desirable joint reliability.     

有机发光二极管中ADN掺杂ErQ的1.54μm电致发光

自行设计了基于8-羟基喹啉铒(ErQ)为发射层(EMLs)和二硝酰胺铵(ADN)为蓝光主体材料的近红外有机发光二级管.器件的基本结构为(p-Si/NPB/EML/Bphen/Bphen:Cs2CO3/Sm/Au),设计并比较了三套不同发射层结构(ErQ/ADN为双层结构器件,(ErQ/ADN)×3为多层结构器件,ErQ:ADN为掺杂结构器件)的器件.三组器件在一定的偏压下,均可发出1.54μm的光,对应三价铒离子4I13/2→4I15/2的跃迁.其中,ADN:ErQ(1∶1)掺杂结构的近红外电致发光强度是ADN/ErQ双层结构中的三倍.此外,不同掺杂浓度的ADN:ErQ复合膜做了以下表征:吸收谱、光致发光谱和荧光寿命谱.实验结果证实了在近红外电致发光过程中存在从ADN主体分子到ErQ发射分子的高效率的能量转移.     

BNBST无铅压电陶瓷的制备工艺研究

设计了（Bi0.55Na0.5）1-X（BaaSrb）xTiO3（BNBST[100x-100a／100b]）无铅压电陶瓷新体系。该体系压电陶瓷具有工艺特性及压电响应好，压电常数高的特点，且有实际应用前景的新型压电陶瓷材料体系。采用传统的陶瓷工艺制备了（Bi0.55Na0.5）1-X（BaaSrb）xTiO3无铅压电陶瓷，研究了制备工艺参数对其物化结构性能的影响。生料的热重-差热（TGA-DTA）分析表明，粉料合成过程中，先是SrTiO3、BaTiO3的形成，然后是（Bi0．5Na0．5）Tio，的形成，同时三者形成固溶体；密度测试表明，陶瓷的体积密度随烧结温度的升高而增大，可较易获得理论密度94％的陶瓷；X-射线能谱分析（EDAX）研究表明，陶瓷的Bi、Na的挥发随着烧结温度的升高而加剧。研究结果表明，要制备性能优良的无铅压电陶瓷，需要精确控制制备工艺。     

Emerging interconnects: a state-of-the-art review and emerging solutions

Aluminium was a primary material for interconnection in integrated circuits (ICs) since their inception. Later, copper was introduced as interconnect material which has better metallic conductivity and resistance to electromigration. As the aggressive technology scaling continues, the copper resistivity increased because of size effects, which causes increase in delay, power dissipation and electromigration. The need to reduce the resistor-capacitor??????? delay, dynamic power utilisation and the crosstalk commotion is as of now the fundamental main impetus behind the presentation of new materials. The purpose of this paper is to do a survey of interconnect material used in IC from introduction of ICs to till date. This paper studies and reviews new materials available for interconnect application which are optical interconnects, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and silicon nanowires which are alternatives to copper. While doing a survey of interconnect material, it is found that multiwalled CNTs, multilayer GNR and mixed CNT bundles are promising candidates and are ultimate choice that can strongly address the problems faced by copper but on integration basis copper would last for coming years.     

钠离子对poly(dT).poly(dA).poly(dT)三螺旋DNA分子呼吸模式的影响

利用分子结构的螺旋对称性,建立了一个包括钠离子的三链DNA分子poly(dT)*poly(dA)*poly(dT)的晶格动力学模型,计算了poly(dT)*poly(dA)*poly(dT)的氢键呼吸模式.结果发现钠离子的加入明显地淬灭了位于较低频率的几个最为强烈的Hoogensteen氢键呼吸模式,而对Watson-Crick氢键呼吸模式影响不明显,这说明钠离子能提高poly(dT)*poly(dA)*poly(dT)三螺旋结构的稳定性.该计算结果很好地解释了poly(dT)*poly(dA)*poly(dT)的热融化实验.     

聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑发光及其器件制备

采用光谱技术,研究了聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑(PBO)溶液的光敏发光特性,并用相对法估算出溶液发光效率在50%范围.结合光谱技术、半导体电学和电化学等研究手段,具体研究了以PBO为发光层的单层电致发光器件,研究结果显示,电致发光与薄膜的光致发光有具有相同的发光中心,峰值位于510 nm左右.同时发现,由于存制备过程中不同处理条件使得不同厚度薄膜残留的掺杂物质浓度不同,从而引起薄膜的导电性的不同.使得器件的阈值场强随PBO厚度的减小而逐渐增加.     

人小肠粘膜免疫酶的定位研究—光镜和电镜免疫组织化学染色法

本文对免疫酶组织化学的样品制备程序和染色方法做了详细的阐述。用直接法、间接法和ABC法,对人小肠免疫酶的定位,进行了光镜和电镜的观察,染色阳性反应显著,获得了满意的效果。并对染色技巧做了分析和探讨。     

Arsenic deposition as a precursor layer on silicon (211) and (311) surfaces

We investigate the properties of arsenic (As) covered Si(211) and Si(311) surfaces by analyzing data from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) images. We then create a model using total surface energy calculations. It was found that both Si(211) and Si(311) had 0.68±0.08 surface As coverage. Si(211) had 0.28±0.04 Te coverage and Si(311) had 0.24±0.04 Te coverage. The Si(211) surface replaces the terrace and trench Si atoms with As for a lower surface energy, while the Si edge atoms form dimers. The Si(311) surface replaces all terrace atoms and adsorbs an As dimer every other edge site. These configurations imply an improvement in the mean migration path from the bare silicon surface by allowing the impinging atoms for the next epitaxial layer, tellurium (Te), to bind at every other pair of edge atoms, and not the step terrace sites. This would ensure a nonpolar, B-face growth.     

Joint estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB system using a successive propagator method

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging and positioning require accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA). With receiver of two antennas, both of the TOA and DOA parameters can be estimated via two-dimensional (2D) propagator method (PM), in which the 2D spectral peak searching, however, renders much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive PM algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak searching. The proposed algorithm firstly gets the initial TOA estimates in the two antennas from the propagation matrix, then utilises successively one-dimensional (1D) local searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas, and finally obtains the DOA estimates via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm, which only requires 1D local searches, can avoid the high computational cost in 2D-PM algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired parameters and has better joint TOA and DOA estimation performance than conventional PM algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and matrix pencil algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close parameter estimation to that of 2D-PM algorithm. We have also derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in this paper. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

系统级封装新型埋入式电源滤波结构的研究

在高密度小尺寸的系统级封装(SiP)中,对供电系统的完整性要求越来越高,多芯片共用一个电源网路所产生的电压抖动除了会影响到芯片的正常工作,还会通过供电网路干扰到临近电路和其他敏感电路,导致芯片误动作,以及信号完整性和其他电磁干扰问题.这种电压抖动所占频带相当宽,几百MHz到几个GHz的中频电源噪声普通方法很难去除.结合埋入式电容和电源分割方法的特点,提出一种新型高性能埋入式电源低通滤波结构直接替代电源/地平面.研究表明,在0.65～4GHz的频带内隔离深度可达-40～75 dB,电源阻抗均在0.25ohm以下,实现了宽频高隔离度的高性能滤波作用.分别用电磁场和广义传输线两种仿真器模拟,高频等效电路模型分析这种低通滤波器的工作原理以及结构对隔离性能的影响,并进行了实验验证.