Shear-thickening rheological response of PCC/PEG suspensions

The steady and dynamic rheological behaviors of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) suspension in polyethylene glycol (PEG) were investigated on a TA AR2000ex rheometer. Under steady shear consistency index K and flow exponent N of suspensions with different volume fractions were determined. The shear-thinning and the discontinuous shear-thickening behavior were observed at different constant frequencies from 10 to 100 rad/s. The relationship between the complex viscosity and the constant frequency were determined. As the volume fraction increases, flow exponent N shows a rapid increase, and it increases dramatically when the discontinuous shear-thickening takes place, while consistency index K decreases. Dynamic oscillatory shear experiments were conducted at constant strain amplitude and constant frequency, respectively. For the frequency sweep, the system shows viscous property in entire range of the frequency investigated, and the complex viscosity shows discontinuous jump at a critical frequency of 10 rad/s. For the strain sweep, on the other hand, at low strain the elastic modulus is strongly dependent on the strain, and the viscous modulus is independent of the strain. But at the critical strain point both of the moduli show an abrupt jump and the system transits from elastic to viscous at a strain of 0.1.     

Rheological responses of fumed silica suspensions under steady and oscillatory shear

Rheological experiments under steady and oscillatory shear were conducted for fumed silica suspensions in polyethylene glycol. Under steady shear the shear-thinning and thickening response were exhibited and the flow exponent N was determined. With the increase of concentration the flow exponent N showed a rapid increase, and it increased dramatically when the discontinuous shear-thickening took place. Oscillatory shear experiments were conducted at constant frequency and constant amplitude strain, respectively. The shear-thinning and the discontinuous shear-thickening behavior were observed under different constant frequencies from 10 to 80 rad/s. The correlation between complex modulus (G*) and sweep frequency (ω) was illuminated at γ =750%. It was found that the correlation between G* and ω could be fitted by equation: G*∝ω ⁿ . The indexes in shear-thinning region and shear-thickening were determined. The indexes were similar to some extent at shear-thinning region and increased dramatically to a much higher value when the shear-thickening occurred, especially at higher weight fractions. The behaviors can be qualitatively explained as follows: the shear-thinning owes to decrease of viscosity, which results from disruption of the aggregates; the cluster theory attributes the shear-thickening to the formation of metastable, flow induced clusters, which block the system. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50774096, 50604017)     

P(PEGA-HAM)/PEG与PP共混蓄热调温纤维的制备及其性能

以P(PEGA-HAM)/PEG固-固相变粒子为相变材料(PCM)、以PP-g-PEGA为增容剂与成纤聚合物(PP)按不同比例混合,通过熔融纺丝工艺制备不同相变材料含量的蓄热调温纤维。IR测试分析确定了固-固型相变粒子的化学结构以及三元共混体系的化学组成;通过DSC、纤维强力仪以及SEM表征了蓄热纤维的热性能、力学性能以及外观形态;利用XRD和毛细管流变仪表征了三元共混体系的结晶性能和流变性能。结果表明,当PCM为12%、PP-g-PEGA为3%时,调温纤维的相变焓为12.17J/g,断裂强度为4.86cN/dtex,纤维表面光滑完整;P(PEGA-HAM)/PEG含量的增多破坏了PP基体中α晶的形成,使得PP的结晶度降低,三元共混体系的剪切黏度随着PCM的增多呈现先减小后增大的流变行为,剪切黏度随着温度的升高而降低。     

Dynamic Rheological Behavior of Low Water-to-binder Ratio Mortars under Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS)

This work focuses on the dynamic rheological behavior of low water-to-binder ratio cement mortars blended with fly ash microspheres (FAM) or silica fume (SF). The initial slump flow of each group has been controlled at similar values by adjusting the superplasticizer dosages. With the help of a coaxial cylinder rheometer, the dynamic rheological behaviors of these mortars are investigated by frequency sweeping in the range of 0–2 Hz under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS). Based on the systematical elaboration of dynamic rheological testing theory, the experimental data are processed according to Lissajous plot fitting to reveal the viscoelastic characteristics. The nonlinearity of response signals is further assessed with Fourier transform (FT) analysis. The parameters, storage modulus G', loss modulus G" and relative amplitude I₃/I₁ are proposed to clarify the influences of FAM and SF on the stability and energy consumption of local structures and nonlinearity of response torques. The hydration characteristics of various groups well confirmed the rheological phenomenon. This study is beneficial for the preparation and optimization of flow state concrete such as pumping concrete and self-compacting concrete.     

聚合物悬浮体系的流变特性

应用搅拌法测定了聚合物粒子—水悬浮体系的流变特性,探讨了固相浓度、粒径、粒径分布、颗粒表面形态、pH值、剪切速率等因素的影响。对5个常用的相对粘度与固相体积分率的关联式作了验证,结果表明:Landel模型和Quemada模型有较好的关联精度。在较高浓度下的悬浮液为非牛顿流体,剪切应力和剪切速率的关系很好地符合Casson方程。     

硅碳自悬浮体的正负触变性

对硅碳白悬浮体做了系统工作。在含量较少的情况下呈牛顿型。含量达到一定程度后,产生三维结构,出现塑性体系。产生结构的固体含量与 PH 值有关。实验证明,在等电点(i,e,p.)附近结构最松驰。研究了水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)对悬浮体的影响,发观在体系里的 HPAM 性能起主导作用,并破坏了原来硅碳白聚集体结构,呈絮凝体结构,并出现触变性。当高聚物在固体表面上一半时,具有最大动切力,即机械强度最高。同时产生最大触变性。聚丙烯酰胺的水解度较大时,体系出现了负触变性。     

Viscoelastic properties of monodisperse spherical silica suspension

The viscoelastic properties of the suspension of monodisperse spherical silica produced by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane in alcohol solvent with ammonia as a catalyst in polyethylene glycol (PEG) were studied. The results show that the SiO2/PEG suspension possesses the reversible shear thinning and shear thickening behaviors. In the shear thinning region, the loss modulus (G″) almost remains unchanged, whereas the storage modulus (G′) decreases. In the shear thickening region, G″ and G′ increase for the formation of the "clusters". The larger G″ over G′ in all the stress studied shows that the system mainly possesses the viscous property, and that the energy dissipated(Ed) is larger than that stored. Ed of this suspension is proportional to the maximum strain (γmax) rising with the exponent of 1.92 under low shear stress; however, in the shear thickening region, Ed is proportional to γmax rising with the exponent of 5.00.     

粘弹性流体流变特性的研究

以粘弹性流体聚丙烯酰胺水溶液为研究对象，用ＲＰＸ—７０５型高级流变仪，对不同配比（重量浓度小于８％）的聚丙烯酰胺水溶液体系进行了流变行为的测定，实验结果表明：当聚丙烯酰胺的含量在５００ｐｐｍ左右时，流体已有明显的弹性，但流体的粘度恒定，即为典型的Ｂｏｇｅｒ流体。当浓度超过１％时，已为典型的粘弹性流体。浓度为２％～８％范围内，聚丙烯酰胺溶液的粘度及第一法向应力差系数与剪切速率之间的关系均服从幂律关系。     

Rheology of typical emulsifiers and effects on stability of emulsion explosives

Structure of emulsifiers or functionality and molecular weight determines its rheology,emulsification and stability of emulsion explosives.Rheology of typical emulsifiers was studied by automatic rheometer.Relations between rheology and structural properties of typical emulsifiers were analyzed.Experimental results show that viscosity of emulsifiers didn’t change with shear rate at room temperature and appeared properties of Newtonian fluid.Viscosity of different component emulsifiers declines with temperature in different modes.The change of strain doesn’t affect modulus of emulsifiers.Loss modulus increases linearly with the increase of frequency in oscillation and storage modulus does non-linearly.The higher the temperature is,the lower change amplitude of loss modulus with frequency will be.The emulsifiers with imide and amide functionality for emulsion explosives have better shear properties at high temperature and better shapingness and stability at room temperature than other emulsifiers with ester and Sorbin Monoleate(SMO)functionality.     

漳州软土直接剪切蠕变特性及蠕变参数的研究

为了研究软土蠕变特性与蠕变参数的变化规律,对漳州软土进行不同固结压力下的直接剪切蠕变试验,并通过陈氏法处理蠕变试验数据。结果表明,漳州软土具有非线性蠕变特性,应力水平越高,非线性特征越显著。相同剪应力下,剪切模量G的最大值与稳定值随固结压力的增大而增大;相同固结压力下,剪切模量G的最大值与稳定值随剪应力的增大而减小。瞬时剪切模量G0与长期剪切模量G∞关系可通过G0=a t-b+G∞来确定。粘滞系数随剪应力的增大达到峰值,固结压力越大峰值体现越明显,峰值对应的剪应力也越大,这主要是微观结构随剪应力增大逐渐破损所引起的。得到漳州软土的C∞=6.71 kPa,φ∞=9.66°。剪切模量系数K=(0.424～0.56),长期强度与瞬时强度比值C∞/C=86.3%,φ∞/φ=72.4%,说明工程中需要考虑蠕变影响时,变形与强度参数应采用长期剪切模量与长期强度。研究结果对掌握软土蠕变参数变化规律,快速预测模型参数具有一定理论意义。     

材料参数对短纤维增强金属基复合材料变形行为和性能的影响

运用大应变弹塑性有限元方法和修正混合律,研究了材料参数（纤维长径比、体积分数、根间距）对短纤维金属基复合材料变形行为和性能（弹性模量和屈服应力）的影响。研究结果表明,低应变阶段的应力应变分配系数与复合材料弹性模量之间存在确定的关系,预测的弹性模量与试验结果及Ｅｓｈｅｌｂｙ模型吻合得很好,屈服应力明显小于基体屈服强度。     

PET—PEG嵌段共聚物的热性能和流变性

酯交换法合成了一系列不同ＰＥＧ含量的ＰＥＴ－ＰＥＧ嵌段共聚物，并以差示扫描量热法研究了这些嵌段共聚物及纯ＰＥＴ的热性能。用毛细管流变仪研究了不同温度和不同长径比条件下它们的流为性能。     

Effect of interaction of dislocations with core-shell nanowires on critical shear stress of nanocomposites

The contribution to the critical shear stress of nanocomposites caused by the interaction between screw dislocations and core-shell nanowires (coated nanowires) with interface stresses was derived by means of the MOTT and NABARRO's model. The influence of interface stresses on the critical shear stress was examined. The result indicates that, if the volume fraction of the core-shell nanowires keeps a constant, an optimal critical shear stress may be obtained when the radius of the nanowire with interface stresses reaches a critical value, which differs from the classical solution without considering the interface stresses under the same external conditions. In addition, the material may be strengthened by the soft nanowires when the interface stresses are considered. There also exist critical values of the elastic modulus and the thickness of surface coating to alter the strengthening effect produced by it.     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）交联改性研究

采用化学方法对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）进行交联改性,交联剂为过氧化苯甲酰（BPO）．研究了交联剂添加量对交联体系性能的影响．采用溶胀法、差示扫描量热法、X射线衍射、平板流变仪等手段对交联后PBS的凝胶含量、结晶和熔融行为、动态流变性能进行了研究．结果表明：随着BPO添加量的增加,交联PBS的凝胶含量升高,复数黏度、储能模量和损耗模量均显著增大;结晶度和熔点降低,但结晶温度有所提高．     

磁流变液剪切屈服应力的数值分析

为了改善单链模型的准确性，从颗粒间的磁相互作用能出发，建立了磁流变液多链计算模型．考虑链内颗粒和相邻链中颗粒的影响，利用磁能密度的变化，得到了磁致剪切应力应变关系，由剪切应力应变曲线的最大值来确定磁流变液的剪切屈服应力．对于链状结构，研究了链间距与链内相邻颗粒距离之比对磁流变液剪切屈服应力的影响；对于柱状结构，通过确定柱的大小及相邻柱的间距，构建了BCT结构计算模型，对含柱状结构的磁流变液的剪切屈服应力进行了分析．计算结果表明，当比值较大时，多链模型与单链模型趋于一致；比值较小时单链模型的误差不能忽略．传统的单链模型高估了磁流变液的剪切屈服应力，铁磁颗粒体积比浓度较小时，链状结构有比柱状结构更高的剪切屈服应力；而当颗粒体积比浓度较大时，柱状结构优于链状结构．     

高分子凝胶的结构与流变性

对各类高分子,凝胶的结构特点进行了描述,定义了具有永久性交联网络的凝胶和具有暂时交联网络的凝胶。对高分子凝胶的流变性,重点讨论了高分子凝胶的粘度、触变性、蠕变行为和剪切模量等。     

基于热力学方法的土体能量保守的弹性模型

目的建立服从热力学第一定律通用的吉布斯自由能函数,解决循环荷载作用下的应变累积问题.方法采用数学软件Mathematic来解非线性最小二乘法拟合不排水3轴试验点,得到模型计算参数.建立压力相关的剪切模量的能量势函数的推导框架,采用热力学方法对柔度矩阵进行修正.结果产生了弹性体积与弹性剪切反应的耦合,耦合的幅值反应了材料各向异性的程度,由应力比确定;剪切模量对压力的依赖性在体积模量中产生了弹性剪胀部分.结论对不同闭合应力路径的计算结果表明,修正后的模型满足能量守恒.     

Dynamic and seismic property experiments of high damping concrete and its frame models

The loss tangent and storage modulus of cement mortar containing treated silica fume and styrene-acrylic are measured. Shaking table tests on three groups of 1/4 models of high damping concrete frames are conducted to compare the effects of reducing vibration. A relationship between the viscosity coefficient of high damping concrete and the damping coefficient of structure is established by analyzing dynamic parameters like damping ratio and frequency, and comparing responses of relative displacement and absolute acceleration. Surface treatment of silica fume and styrene-acrylic emulsion prior to incorporation in a cement mortar increases the loss tangent of the resulting composite by 40-400% as compared to the cement mortar without any admixtures, and the damping ratio of the reinforced concrete is raised by 7%-9%. In addition, a theoretical method of determining the viscosity coefficient of the material on the basis of shaking table test results is put forward.     

Rheological properties of gamma irradiated [Me_3NC_2H_4OH]~+[Zn_2Cl_5]~- and [Me_3NC_2H_4OH]~+[Zn_3Cl_7]~- ionic liquids

The objective of this work is to verify the rheological behavior of irradiated [Me3NC2H4OH]+[Zn2Cl5]-and [Me3NC2H4OH]+[Zn3Cl7]-ionic liquids in comparison to the unirradiated ones,the viscosities were measured by a strain-control experiment under different irradiation doses’ samples(0,10,20,50,100 kGy) at different shear rates and temperatures.The curves of shear stress against shear rate present that the viscosity of ionic liquid is insensitive to shear rate;the viscosity of ionic liquids decreases with increasing temperature,and can be fitted by Arrhenius equation very well.Gamma radiation causes a decrease of viscosity of [Me3NC2H4OH]+[Zn3Cl7]-by greater than 10%,but it does not impair the viscosity of [Me3NC2H4OH]+[Zn2Cl5]-(within the experimental error) except 20 kGy irradiated sample.The results show that the radiation stability of [Me3NC2H4OH]+[Zn2Cl5]-is higher than that of [Me3NC2H4OH]+[Zn3Cl7]-.     

Effects of thickness and elastic modulus on stress condition of fatigue-resistant coating under rolling contact

The distribution and magnitude of surface and subsurface stresses of the single-layer sprayed-coatings on monolithic substrates were investigated by finite element method (FEM). The models of coating configurations with different thicknesses and elastic modulus ratios of coating to substrate were introduced, and the effects of thickness and elastic modulus ratio on the stresses were addressed. The calculation results show that the coating/substrate interface shear stress obviously decreases with increasing coating thickness, due to the location of the maximum shear stress moving away from the coating/substrate interface. At the same time, the magnitude of von Mises stress also declines in the case of thicker coatings. However, the high elastic modulus ratio results in extremely high maximum shear stress and the severe discontinuity of the von Mises stress curves, which leads to the intensive stress concentration on the coating/substrate interface. So the coating configurations with the larger coating thickness and lower difference of elastic modulus between coating and substrate exhibit excellent resistant performance of rolling contact fatigue (RCF).