γ射线诱导DNA双链断裂的研究

DNA是生物体中一类最基本的大分子,是遗传信息的载体,也是电离辐射引致细胞杀伤或转化的主要靶分子。电离辐射可引起多种类型的损伤,如碱基变化、糖基损伤、单链和双链断裂(DSB)以及DNA和蛋白质的交联等。其中DSB是辐射所致生物效应中最重要的原初损伤,非重接性的DSB则被认为是     

35 γ射线诱导DNA双链断裂的研究

DNA是生物体中一类最基本的大分子，是遗传信息的载体，也是电离辐射引致细胞杀伤或转化的主要靶分子。电离辐射可引起多种类型的损伤，如碱基变化、糖基损伤、单链和双链断裂（DSB）以及DNA和蛋白质的交联等。其中DSB是辐射所致生物效应中最重要的原初损伤，非重接性的DSB则被认为是细胞杀伤效应的最重要的损伤。     

重离子辐照诱导DNA双链断裂的剂量率效应

利用不同剂量率的50MeV/u^12C^6 辐照B16黑色素瘤细胞的脱蛋白DNA,采用脉冲场凝胶电泳技术对DNA双链断裂（DSB）的诱导和片段的分布进行了研究。结果发现,在剂量率分别为3Gy/min和30Gy/min的情况下,DNA片段释放百分比（PR）都随着剂量的增加而增加,并在超过一定剂量之后趋于相似的准阈值;3Gy/min辐照诱导DSB的产额为0.40DSBs(100Mbp.Gy）,30Gy/min辐照诱导的DSB产额准确值无法得到;30Gy/min辐照诱导DSB的截面为2.14μm^2,是3Gy/min的3.1掊。所有结果都表明剂量率越高,诱导DSB越有效。另外,3Gy／min辐照诱导DSB片段在－860kbp处有一个片段峰,而30Gy/min没有,说明剂量率可以影响DSB片段的分布。     

~7Li离子辐射中直接和间接作用致pUC19 DNA损伤研究

电离辐射的直接和间接作用(自由基)可引起DNA分子的碱基损伤、链断裂(包括单链和双链断裂)和交联等多种损伤。其中,双链断裂(DSB)是辐射引起的各种生物效应中最重要的原初损伤。在液态环境下,辐射诱导产生的自由基可能是单链和双链断裂发生的主要原因。因此,建立适当的体外模式     

DNA分子及其双链断裂碎片的AFM观测

DNA是生命信息的载体,是辐射生物学效应最重要的靶分子。研究DNA辐射损伤机理,需掌握观测DNA分子及其双链断裂(Double Strand Breaks,DSB)碎片的技术。在大气状态下,使用原子力显微镜(AFM)技术获得了3种经提纯的DNA分子的直观图像。在水溶液中,利用^241Am-α源辐照装置对其中一种DNA分子作低剂量照射,首次获得了DNA双链断裂碎片的AFM图像。为研究不同类型辐射-特别是重离子辐射-导致的DNA双链断裂几率的统计模型,做了技术准备。     

^7Li和^12C离子致DNA损伤的研究

脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)是生物体中一类重要的大分子。它是遗传信息的载体，也是辐射生物学效应的最重要的靶分子。电离辐射可引起DNA多种类型的损伤，其中双链断裂(DSB)是辐射所致生物效应中最重要的原初损伤。此实验旨在用原子力显微镜(AFM)研究重离子辐射诱发的DNA双链断裂。     

应用单细胞微凝胶电泳技术检测成纤维细胞的放射敏感性

应用单细胞微凝胶电泳（SCGE）技术以及噻唑蓝（MTT）比色法检测辐射诱发的成纤维细胞系AT5BIVA和GM637的初始DNA双链断裂数及断裂拍的修复与细胞放射敏感性之间的关系。结果表明,AT5BIVA细胞系的放射敏感性显著高于GM637。两种细胞系的初始DNA双链断裂数均随剂量的增加而增加,呈显著的剂量效应关系,在给定的剂量点,辐射诱发的AT5BIVA细胞系的初始DNA双链断裂数显著高于GM637。AT5BIVA纱对辐射诱发的DNA双链断裂的修复能力小于GM637。结果提示,辐射诱发的初始DNA双链断裂数及断裂后的修复与细胞的放射敏感性均有一定的相关性,作为细胞放射敏感性预测指标具有很大的应用潜势。     

电离辐射诱导体外DNA链断裂机理研究进展

概述了电离辐射诱导体外DNA单链断裂（SSB）和双链断裂（DSB）的形成机理。研究结果表明,DNA链断裂产额与DNA浓度和自由基清除剂的清除有力有关。并受DNA超螺旋度的影响。DNAαDSBB除可由直接作用形成外,还可分别由单自由基传递机制和LMDS机制产生;对LET辐射,αDSB主要由LMDS机制产生,而硫醇类化合物对DNA的辐射保护作用则随其电荷态的增加而增加;由于次级自由基反应,体外DNA链断裂具有反向氧效应;非均一动力学的柱模型被广泛地应用于OH等自由基与DNA反应的理论研究。     

γ射线诱导DNA损伤中DNA浓度的影响

作为生物体中的一类基本生物大分子，DNA是离子辐射引致生物效应的关钆靶分子。双链断裂（DSB）是辐射所致生物效应中最重要的原初损伤，非重接性的DSB则被认为是细胞杀伤效应的最重要的损伤。在辐射损伤过程中，射线品质、剂量以及生物体的辐射敏感性等对生物体的损伤程度都有重要影响，已有很多涉及这些方面的报道。DNA浓度可能也是影响辐射致DNA损伤程度的重要因素。     

电离辐射致DNA双链断裂研究方法及统计模型

DNA既是生命物质中信息的载体,也是辐射生物效应最主要的靶分子.电离辐射通过射线的直接作用和间接作用引起DNA分子的多类型损伤,其中DNA双链断裂(Double-strand breaks,DSB)是辐射引起的各种生物效应中最重要的原初损伤之一,成为辐射生物学研究的重点.目前DSB研究的主要方法包括拉曼光谱技术、原子力显微镜、单细胞凝胶电泳、脉冲场凝胶电泳、γH2AX分析技术、早熟染色体凝集等,研究DSB的统计模型包括随机断裂模型、Moment法、Tsallis熵模型、平均分子量法,在此均得到总结,最后探讨了DSB辐照热点的研究前景.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.