n型高效抗PID太阳电池工艺研究

电势诱导衰减(PID)效应是导致光伏组件输出功率下降的主要原因之一,该文研究表明通过优化n型太阳电池工艺,包括增加p-n结的深度,提高减反射膜的折射率,采用叠层减反射膜等方式,可阻挡钠离子破坏太阳电池的p-n结,将太阳电池的PID衰减控制在1.5%以内。同时结合离子注入技术,太阳电池的量产效率可达到21.4%以上,形成了一套高效率高稳定性的太阳电池制备工艺。     

晶体硅太阳电池钝化工艺的研究

采用热氧化法在多晶硅及单硅大面积太阳电池上生长二氧化硅钝化膜，结合丝网印刷制电极及二氧化钛减反射膜工艺，使太阳电池的扩散长度及效率得到改进。也进行了在多晶硅太阳电池上采用等离子沉积法制作氮化硅减反射膜的研究。     

AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs太阳电池MgF2/ZnS双层减反射膜的研究

介绍了在AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs太阳电池上制备MgF2/ZnS双层减反射膜的研究工作,引入了有效反射率R,并通过使Re极小来实现减反射膜的优化设计,考虑了MgF2/ZnS双层减反射膜与窗口层的耦合,实验上获得了良好的减反射膜,提高了AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs太阳电池的短路电流和效率,表明用Re极小化来设计减反射膜是合理的。     

多结太阳电池减反射膜的优化

基于多层膜的光学计算基本原理,模拟分析多结化合物太阳电池减反射膜的反射谱。模拟结果准确的反应了实际测量结果。以此为基础设计优化Ti O_x/Al_2O_3/MgF_2三层减反射膜,在GaInP/In_(0.01)GaAs/Ge三结太阳电池上实现了减反射膜对子电池响应电流的精确调节,并得到了子电池电流匹配的GaInP/In_(0.01)GaAs/Ge太阳电池,短路电流密度相比制备减反射膜前提升35.84%。     

太阳电池减反射膜系统的研究

减反射膜系的制备对于高效空间太阳电池来说非常重要,对其进行优化设计可以大幅度的提高太阳电池的短路电流,从而提高太阳电池的光电转换效率,从波动光学的基本原理出发,用加权平均反射率作为评价膜系设计质量的参数,编制出了进行减反射膜系优化设计的计算机程度,理论上可以使太阳电池表面的加权平均反射率降到1％以下,提高了电池的短路电路。     

双层氮化硅薄膜对晶硅太阳电池性能的影响

利用管式PECVD在晶硅太阳电池上制备3种不同结构的Si Nx∶H减反射膜:第一子层(靠近基底硅)折射率大于第二子层的双层减反射膜、第一子层折射率小于第二子层的双层减反射膜、单层减反射膜。通过光学和电学性能的比较可看出,第一种类型太阳电池的短路电流、开路电压和电池效率的分布区间均相对集中,其短路电流和开路电压均高于其他样品。该结果主要归结于该类型双层Si Nx∶H减反射膜不但光学匹配性好,而且对太阳电池的表面及体钝化效果最优。     

固定式光伏方阵日照性能

照射到太阳电池表面的太阳光的入射角随时间而变化，导致电池表面减反射膜系的反射率随时间发生变化，使太阳电池对太阳能的吸收产生了影响。该文从地球绕太阳运动的基本规律出发，设计出了实用的计算机软件，对固定式光伏方阵的减反射膜系统进行了分析，比较了在改变减反射膜参数的情况下，光伏方阵对太阳能的利用情况，对光伏方阵的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

光伏遭遇“减反射门”

<正>太阳能光伏组件用减反射膜玻璃(AR玻璃)是指通过涂覆或蚀刻的方法在光伏组件用玻璃(通常为超白压花玻璃)表面镀制一层减反射薄膜,可使镀膜玻璃在太阳电池的光谱响应范围内的太阳光反射比降低,透射比升高,从而提高光伏组件的光电转化效率。减反射膜是应用最广、产量最大的一种光学薄膜。但是,最近却有一点尴尬。8月27日,国家质检总局发布了太阳能光     

适用于GaAs多结太阳电池的宽光谱Al_2O_3/SiO_2/Nano-SiO_23层减反射膜的研制

减反射膜在太阳电池应用中非常重要,然而传统的双层镀膜减反射膜已无法满足GaAs电池的拓展需要。因此,本研究在之前双层镀膜的基础上进行新薄膜结构的设计优化。使用溶胶-凝胶法制备出新结构的3层减反射膜。通过XRD对薄膜晶体结构进行分析,使用椭偏仪对薄膜折射率和物理厚度进行测试,使用分光光度计对减反射膜减反射效果进行验证。通过对3层减反射膜的折射率和物理厚度进行优化,成功在无窗口层的GaAs衬底上制备出350~1800nm波段平均反射率为10.34%的3层减反射膜。     

等离子体增强CVD氮化硅作硅太阳电池的减反射膜

本文报道了用等离子体增强化学气相淀积(简称PECVD)氮化硅作硅太阳电池减反射膜的实验结果。利用红外吸收光谱、俄歇电子能谱、椭圆偏振仪及C—V测试等分析方法研究了氮化硅膜的成份和性能。利用氮化硅膜的折射率随淀积工艺可变这一特点,淀积了具有不同折射率的多层氮化硅膜。实验表明,采用PECVD氮化硅膜作硅太阳电池的减反射膜,电池转换效率提高了38％,四层氮化硅减反射膜的平均反射率低于5％(波长范围400—1100nm)。     

Reduction of optical losses in colored solar cells with multilayer antireflection coatings

Solar modules are becoming an everyday presence in several countries. So far, the installation of such modules has been performed without esthetic concerns, typical locations being rooftops or solar power plants. Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems represent an interesting, alternative approach for increasing the available area for electricity production and potentially for further reducing the cost of solar electricity. In BIPV, the visual impression of a solar module becomes important, including its color. The color of a solar module is determined by the color of the cells in the module, which is given by the antireflection coating (ARC). The ARC is a thin film structure that significantly increases the amount of current produced by and, hence, the efficiency of a solar cell. The deposition of silicon nitride single layer ARCs with a dark blue color is the most common process in the industry today and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is mostly used for this purpose. However, access to efficient, but differently colored solar cells are important for the further development of BIPV. In this paper, the impact of varying the color of an ARC upon the optical characteristics and efficiency of a solar cell is investigated. The overall transmittance and reflectance of a set of differently colored single layer ARCs are compared with multilayered silicon nitride ARCs, all made using PECVD. These are again compared with porous silicon ARCs fabricated using an electrochemical process allowing for the rapid and simple manufacture of ARC structures with many tens of layers. In addition to a comparison of the optical characteristics of such solar cells, the effect of using colored ARCs on solar cell efficiency is quantified using the solar cell modeling tool PC1D. This work shows that the use of multilayer ARC structures can allow solar cells with a range of different colors throughout the visual spectrum to retain very high efficiencies.     

16.0% Efficiency of large area (10 cm×10 cm) thin film polycrystalline silicon solar cell

High efficient large area thin film polycrystalline Si solar cell based on a silicon on insulator (SOI) structure prepared by zone-melting recrystallization (ZMR) is reported. Fabrication process of the via-hole etching for the separation of thin films (VEST) is newly developed. It is found that phosphorus treatment and back surface field (BSF) are quite effective for the VEST structure and the ZMR thin film polycrystalline silicon. The conversion efficiency as high as 16.0% for a practical size (10 cm×10 cm) is achieved. This is the highest for large area thin film polycrystalline Si solar cells ever reported.     

A study of electrical uniformity for monolithic polycrystalline silicon solar cells

The aim of this work is to investigate the electrical uniformity of monolithic polycrystalline silicon solar cells prepared by various process techniques. By a series of experiments such as P and Al impurity gettering and silicon nitride passivation, a new conclusion is that the application of P and Al gettering as well as silicon nitride passivation enhances the electrical uniformity of small area solar cells diced from the same polycrystalline silicon solar cells, even if impurity gettering is not effective when the dislocation density is above a threshold value of about 10⁶ cm⁻². The experiments give us some hints that when we cut large area polycrystalline silicon solar cells into small pieces needed for application, we should modify production process slightly.     

Novel deposition method of anti-reflective coating for spherical silicon solar cells

The liquid-phase deposition (LPD) as a novel deposition method of anti-reflective coating (ARC) for spherical silicon solar cells has been proposed. The LPD is a growth method in aqueous solution and can deposit thin films with uniform coverage over a spherical surface. The solar cell performance of the spherical silicon solar cell with an ARC shows more than 10% increase in short-circuit current density compared to that without an ARC. The result confirms that the LPD method is useful for ARC fabrications of spherical silicon solar cells.     

Tri-layer antireflection coatings (SiO2/SiO2–TiO2/TiO2) for silicon solar cells using a sol–gel technique

Antireflection coatings (ARCs) have become one of the key issues for mass production of Si solar cells. They are generally performed by vacuum processes such as thermal evaporation, reactive sputtering, and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. In this work, a sol–gel method has been demonstrated to prepare the ARCs for the non-textured monocrystalline Si solar cells. The spin-coated TiO₂ single-layer, SiO₂/TiO₂ double-layer and SiO₂/SiO₂–TiO₂/TiO₂ triple-layer ARCs were deposited on the Si solar cells and they showed good uniformity in thickness. The measured average optical reflectance (400–1000 nm) was about 9.3, 6.2 and 3.2% for the single-layer, double-layer and triple-layer ARCs, respectively. Good correlation between theoretical and experimental data was obtained. Under a triple-layer ARC condition, a 39% improvement in the efficiency of the monocrystalline Si solar cell was achieved. These indicate that the sol–gel ARC process has high potential for low-cost solar cell fabrication.     

Multicrystalline silicon solar cells with porous silicon emitter

A review of the application of porous silicon (PS) in multicrystalline silicon solar cell processes is given. The different PS formation processes, structural and optical properties of PS are discussed from the viewpoint of photovoltaics. Special attention is given to the use of PS as an antireflection coating in simplified processing schemes and for simple selective emitter processes as well as to its light trapping and surface passivating capabilities. The optimization of a PS selective emitter formation results in a 14.1% efficiency mc-Si cell processed without texturization, surface passivation or additional ARC deposition. The implementation of a PS selective emitter into an industrially compatible screenprinted solar cell process is made by both the chemical and electrochemical method of PS formation. Different kinds of multicrystalline silicon materials and solar cell processes are used. An efficiency of 13.2% is achieved on a 25 cm² mc-Si solar cell using the electrochemical technique while the efficiencies in between 12% and 13% are reached for very large (100–164 cm²) commercial mc-Si cells with a PS emitter formed by chemical method.     

Chemical bath deposition for the fabrication of antireflective coating of spherical silicon solar cells

A CdS film as an antireflective (AR) coating has been successfully deposited on spherical silicon solar cells by chemical bath deposition, which is a novel deposition method of AR coatings for spherical silicon solar cells. The CBD method is a growth method in an aqueous solution and enables film formation for electronic devices with arbitrary shapes. The solar cell performance of the cell with the CdS film showed a 16% increase in short circuit current compared to that without an ARC. The result confirms that the CBD method is useful for the ARC fabrication of spherical silicon solar cells.     

PECVD工艺制备的背面氮化硅薄膜对双面单晶硅太阳电池EL发黑的影响

以采用PECVD工艺制备的背面氮化硅薄膜对双面单晶硅太阳电池电致发光(EL)发黑的影响为研究对象进行了实验验证.结果表明,当背面氮化硅薄膜中底层膜的折射率较低时,会导致双面单晶硅太阳电池背电极位置的EL发黑;底层膜和中层膜的折射率过高时,会导致双面单晶硅太阳电池的EL大面积发黑;上层膜边缘的折射率较高时,会导致双面单晶...     

A high efficiency thin film silicon solar cell and module

A photoelectric conversion efficiency of over 10% has been achieved in thin-film microcrystalline silicon solar cells which consist of a 2 μm thick layer of polycrystalline silicon. It was found that an adequate current can be extracted even from a thin film due to the very effective light trapping effect of silicon with a low absorption coefficient. As a result, this technology may eventually lead to the development of low-cost solar cells. Also, an initial aperture efficiency as high as 13.5% has been achieved with a large area (91 cm × 45 cm) tandem solar cell module of microcrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon (thin film Si hybrid solar cell). An even greater initial efficiency of 14.7% has been achieved in devices with a small size (area of 1 cm²), and further increases of efficiency can be expected.