High-energy treatment of sphagnum moss to produce carbon sorbents

The porous structure of amorphous carbon produced from sphagnum moss after chemical activation is considered. The ability of the amorphous carbon to adsorb metal ions is investigated. The results suggest that such carbon may serve as an effective sorbent.     

Carbon sorbents based on oxidized Kuznetsk Basin coal

Some physicochemical properties of carbon adsorbents produced by chemical activation with alkali are determined: specifically, their total ash content, the content of water-soluble ash, the total iron content (recalculated for Fe³⁺), and the content of water-soluble iron compounds. Their content of water-soluble ash and the total iron content are minimal; no water-soluble iron compounds are observed in the sorbents. However, the total ash content in the sorbents is impermissibly high. With increase in potassium content in the initial content, the total ash content of the sorbents is reduced to 16.5%.     

Processing of sphagnum moss to produce carbon nanotubes

Attention focuses on the processing of sphagnum moss and the sequence by which multiwalled carbon nanotubes are formed in the mechanical activation of amorphous carbon. Nanotube formation occurs within a mass of carbon particles.     

New carbon sorbents

The formation of the structural and absorption properties of carbon sorbents based on various carbon-containing materials was studied. Carbon sorbents and catalysts on carbon supports with a wide range of physicochemical properties and structural parameters were prepared and tested in air separation, natural gas-gasoline processing, direct oxidative degradation of hydrogen sulfide, and the recovery of noble metals from solutions and pulps. It was found that the targetoriented synthesis of a pore structure makes it possible to obtain carbon sorbents and catalysts on carbon supports, which are effective in gas decomposition, gas mixture separation, and the recovery of valuable components from liquid media.     

适应使用劣质煤生产的几种技术途径

众所周知,近两年来水泥厂的生产成本越来越高.其中原因之一就是煤价太高.因此,如何采取针对性措施,利用劣质煤(发热量低、灰分高、挥发分低、水分大、全硫高、杂质多)进行稳定生产,是实现企业效益的重要手段.下面就我公司使用劣质煤(工业分析见表1)的生产实践作一介绍.     

Electrically conducting carbon fiber sorbents

A new class of carbon fiber materials has been developed: electrically conducting fiber sorbents. Studies have been made on the effects from ACFM production parameters on the porosity, pore structure, bulk resistivity, and electrical capacity. This enables one to forecast the properties of electrically conducting ACFM over wide ranges and to make sorbents with given sorption and electrophysical characteristics. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 38–41, July–August, 2008.     

煤直接加氢制甲烷研究进展

天然气资源短缺、低阶煤资源利用问题突出,开发新型、高效和对环境友好的低阶煤制甲烷工艺成为研究热点。本文分析讨论了以下几方面:温度、压力、催化剂、煤种和气化剂等因素对煤直接加氢制甲烷过程的影响;煤直接加氢制甲烷的反应机理和动力学;3种典型煤直接加氢甲烷化工艺的优缺点;本文作者课题组正在研究开发的低阶煤炭化脱氧、高活性半焦直接加氢制甲烷工艺及其特点。分析认为:以低阶煤(生物质)为原料进行加氢甲烷化生产代用天然气成为新的研究重点,其中又以新型、廉价煤加氢甲烷化催化剂的研制和新型甲烷化反应器的开发最为关键。     

以瘦煤为主要原料制备型焦的配煤方案研究

研究了以平顶山八矿瘦煤为主要原料制备型焦的配煤方案,实验时首先对所用的各原料煤破碎、筛分,再进行工业分析,然后根据配煤原理制定配煤方案。煤混配后在成型机上成型,得到的型块通过冷压成型工艺制成型焦,随后对制得的型焦测其抗压强度和对CO2的化学反应性。结果表明：以瘦煤为主要原料制备型焦的最佳配煤方案是：90%瘦煤配入10%的肥煤。     

Optimal preparation of oxidized coal

The oxidation index is an important characteristic of coal and coal batch, indicating the change in coking properties on oxidation. The coke obtained from coal batch containing poorly clinkering oxidized coal has a higher content of isotropic carbon and a lower content of anisotropic carbon. That explains its increased reactivity and impaired mechanical and postreactive strength. The oxidation on storage is greatest for small coal classes (<0.5 mm). Preliminary removal of <0.5 mm oxidized coal markedly improves the reactivity and also the mechanical and postreactive strength. A method of preparing oxidized coal for coking is proposed: finer grinding (until the content of the ≤1 mm class is 100%). That considerably reduces the influence of the oxidized coal on the quality of the coke produced.     

煤层气转化制合成气Ni基催化剂的研究

采用10%Ni/4%MgO-Al2O3催化剂,在常压固定床反应器上进行CO2重整CH4制合成气反应的研究;系统考察了载体制备方法、MgO含量、焙烧温度及焙烧方式等因素对催化剂性质的影响;并采用N2物理吸附、XRD等检测手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,采用共沉淀法,MgO质量分数为4%,在FAir中550℃下焙烧4 h的10%Ni/4%MgO-Al2O3的催化活性较好,CH4和CO2的转化率可以达到82%和92%。     

Sorption of petroleum products by carbon sorbents

A comparative study of the adsorption of petroleum products by micro- and macroporous carbon sorbents was performed. For this purpose, four carbon sorbent samples prepared from various raw materials by various processing techniques were used. The pore structures and adsorption capacities of these sorbents for petroleum products were studied. It was found that the adsorption of petroleum products on porous and nonporous carbon sorbents occurred in different manners. In this case, macroporous sorbents with a weakly developed structure of sorbing micro- and mesopores exhibited a maximum capacity for petroleum products.     

Surface modification of carbon sorbents with polycarbosilane

Modified carbon sorbents containing silicon oxycarbide, which did not form a continuous protective layer on the surface, were prepared by the liquid-phase supporting of polycarbosilane onto the surface of carbon sorbents followed by thermal treatment. The silicon-containing sorbents were characterized by increased stability to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen at high temperatures (as compared with that of the initial sorbents) with the retention of sufficiently high sorption activity.     

利用钙铝渣和低品位铝矾土制备贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥的研究

根据硫铝酸盐水泥的成分特点,将钙铝渣与低品位铝矾土、石灰石、天然石膏等原料配合,在1320℃下烧制出了物理力学性能良好的贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥熟料。测试结果表明,该贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥3d和28d抗压强度分别可达28.9MPa和42.4MPa,且凝结性能正常。     

Production of highly porous carbon sorbents for methane storage from coal, coke, and individual organic compounds

Highly porous carbon sorbents for methane storage are produced from coal, coke, and individual organic compounds. A static high-pressure volumetric system is used to establish the dependence of the methane and hydrogen adsorption on the micropore volume in the sorbents. The mean specific adsorption of CH₄ and H₂ at 60 atm (6 MPa) and 300 K is ～150 and ～6.5 mg/cm³, respectively. The results confirm physical adsorption of the gases (CH₄ and H₂).     

生物质催化活化褐煤制备活性炭

以典型生物质中的K、Na碱金属为催化剂,贵州褐煤为原料,水蒸气为活化剂,利用物理活化法制备活性炭.采用盐酸和氟硅酸混合液联合除灰,当浓盐酸和氟硅酸的体积比为1 ∶ 1,脱灰温度为70℃时,脱灰率达85.7％.最佳活化温度及时间均为玉米秸秆＜核桃壳＜稻壳,与生物质中K、Na碱金属含量的高低顺序相反.生物质添加量过低,催化...