Advantage of rubber over plastic endotracheal tubes for rapid extubation in a laser fire

The occurrence of airway fires during laser airway surgery necessitates the use of special techniques to improve patient safety. For example, it is recommended that the endotracheal tube cuff be inflated with saline. However, in the event of an endotracheal tube fire, the tube must be quickly removed. This study was designed to determine the time necessary for red rubber (RR) or polyvinylchloride (PVC) endotracheal tubes to be removed from a model airway after inflating the cuffs with saline. A model larynx and trachea was suspended vertically. It was intubated with either 7.0 RR or PVC endotracheal tubes. Six milliliters of saline was used to inflate the endotracheal tube cuffs. After inflation, a clamp was used to occlude the pilot tube on the RR endotracheal tubes. A 4-lb weight was then suspended from the endotracheal tube. The time to spontaneous extubation of the model trachea after unclamping the pilot tubes on 12 RR endotracheal tubes was determined. For the PVC endotracheal tubes, the times to spontaneous extubation using the 4-lb weight were determined in 12 endotracheal tubes after cutting the pilot tube and in 12 by maximum aspiration of the saline from the endotracheal tube cuff with a 10-ml syringe. A time of 0.94 +/- 0.10 sec (mean +/- SD) was required for spontaneous extubation of the RR endotracheal tubes after unclamping the pilot tube. For the PVC endotracheal tubes, extubation occurred 3.28 +/- 1.08 and 1.81 +/- 0.60 sec after cutting the pilot tube or deflating the cuff with a syringe, respectively. The mean times for each of the 3 groups were significantly different (p < 0.05) from each other as determined by the ANOVA. This study shows that if PVC endotracheal tubes are used, deflation of the saline-filled cuff by aspiration with a 10-ml syringe is faster than cutting the pilot tube. Unclamping the pilot tube on the RR endotracheal tubes resulted in the fastest time to endotracheal extubation.     

关于用焦油白云石做钢包内衬的实践

用焦油白云石做包衬，在德国及欧洲其它国家很普及，介绍了应用该项技术的优越性，主要有包衬寿命翻番及钢的脱硫率显著提高等，其经验可供我国冶金企业中众多的焦化厂借鉴。     

浮选机槽体内部衬胶工艺研究

为了更好地解决浮选机槽体及矿箱内部的腐蚀问题,采取对其内部进行衬胶处理,衬胶技术是在金属或其它材料工作表面用衬里胶板形成一连续的隔离性的覆盖层的技术。以实际生产的实例,对浮选机槽体及矿箱内部衬胶的工艺流程、技术要求及检验方法进行分析与研究。     

Extrusion of tubes with internal helical fins

All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of the Pipe Industry. Translated from Metallurg, No. 5, pp. 44–45, May, 1988.     

Problems with double-J stents and nephrostomy tubes

The aim of this study was to compare the backfilling capabilities of System B, Obtura II and Alphaseal. Forty-six lower premolar teeth were prepared chemomechanically and allocated to four experimental and two control groups. Ten were obturated using lateral condensation as a standard and 30 were obturated in the apical third using the System B. The latter 30 teeth were then backfilled using one of three techniques, System B, Obtura II or Alphaseal (n = 10 in each group). The remaining six teeth served as controls. Roots were radiographed from the proximal in order to evaluate voids and then placed in India ink for 65 h prior to being demineralized and rendered transparent, coronal leakage was quantified by linear measurement of ink penetration. No significant difference was found between the four groups with respect to the presence of voids radiographically (P < 0.05). The difference in leakage between the System B and Obtura II groups was not significant (P > 0.05). Both System B and Obtura II leaked significantly less than Alphaseal and lateral condensation (P < 0.001).     

转炉溅渣护炉改质剂的开发研究

影响转炉溅渣护炉效果的关键因素是终渣成分的控制,采用改质剂对转炉终渣成分进行调整,降低渣中FeO含量和炉渣温度,提高MgO含量和炉渣熔点及粘度,有利于改善炉渣与炉衬的粘结效果,并提高溅渣层的耐蚀性能,缩短溅渣起孕时间,在一定程度上抑制炉渣中铁的氧化物与炉衬中石墨的反应.     

转炉溅渣护炉技术的特点及其应用

对溅渣护炉技术的工艺特点及应用该技术可能带来的一些问题进行了比较全面的介绍.从国内外的应用效果来看,溅渣护炉技术用于转炉维护能够明显地提高转炉炉龄和作业率,并大幅度减少喷补料的消耗,从而降低炼钢生产成本.同时对武钢目前采用溅渣护炉技术的条件进行了简要分析.