不同储存时间和抗氧化剂添加量对鱼油质量影响的研究

通过设定不同的储存时间和抗氧化剂添加量监测鱼油氧化相关指标的动态变化,评估不同储存时间和抗氧化剂添加量对鱼油质量的影响,同时筛选反映鱼油氧化程度的敏感指标,为建立并完善鱼油质量检测体系提供重要依据。结果表明:不同储存时间和抗氧化剂添加量对鱼油的酸值、过氧化值、茴香胺值、硫代巴比妥酸反应物、碘值、脂肪酸组成均有显著影响(P0.05),并且储存时间和抗氧化剂添加量的交互影响显著(P0.05);综合来看,鱼油的储存时间在90 d以内添加30mg/kg乙氧基喹啉即可;若长期保存(90~135 d),添加300 mg/kg乙氧基喹啉最佳。建议将过氧化值、茴香胺值和碘值作为鱼油品质检测的必需指标。     

植物油在储存过程中氧化情况分析

本文以四级菜籽油和大豆原油为例,深入探究了植物油在常温储存过程中的氧化情况,总结了过氧化值、茴香胺值和碘值的变化规律,从而达到更加透彻地掌握植物油存储信息的目的,进一步完善植物油储存品质的标准,对于粮油经济的可持续发展具有重要意义.结果表明:植物油过氧化值、茴香胺值拥有相同的变化趋势,但碘值不存在显著改变;在氧化反应过...     

食用植物油的储存及品质变化

食用植物油的储存过程对品质有比较重要的影响,分析了食用植物油在储存过程中品质的变化及原因,介绍了目前国内外常见的稳定化措施。     

鱼粉中各种掺杂物的检测

鱼粉中各种掺杂物的检测浙江省饲料质量监督检验站（３１０００４）屈健鱼粉掺假是当前影响配合饲料产品质量的一个重要问题，一直困扰着鱼粉业的健康发展，因此，鱼粉中各种掺杂物的检测显得越来越重要，本文就其检测方法进行了探讨。１化学检测法１．１鱼粉中掺杂尿素的...     

鱼粉中脲醛聚合物的鉴别

目前市场上的鱼粉中掺非蛋白质含氮化合物（NPN）的很多，在众多NPN中脲醛聚合物（“蛋白精”）用的最多，本文介绍了一种“蛋白精”的鉴别方法。     

低温储存期间原料乳微生物预测模型建立

本研究对秋季低温储存原料乳进行预测微生物学研究。使用Gompertz模型建立4~14℃储存的秋季原料乳中总菌落和嗜冷菌的生长动力模型。模型可以有效的模拟秋季原料乳中微生物的生长情况,模型的相关系数均大于0.972,可以用来预测微生物生长情况和达到控制下限的时间。研究表明嗜冷菌是低温储存的原料乳中优势微生物,在4~8℃储存温度下总菌落数与嗜冷菌的数量呈很好的相关性(R~2=0.931),可以通过总菌数推算出嗜冷菌的数量,保证乳制品的品质。      

仔猪日粮中鱼精粉,国产鱼粉与进口鱼粉的对比试验

对仔猪日粮中鱼精粉、国产鱼粉代替进口鱼粉进行了对比试验，结果表明，鱼精粉组、国产鱼粉组比进口鱼粉组料肉比偏高，但差异不显著，鱼精粉，国产鱼粉完全可以替代进口鱼粉     

食用油包装材料和储存条件对氧化指标的影响

选用12种食用植物油,在不同储存条件下用6种包装材料进行了实验,研究食用油的包装材料和储存条件对其氧化指标:过氧化值、茴香胺值和羰基值的影响.结果表明,有色玻璃或有色PET包装材料均不能有效防止食用油氧化指标升高.如果食用油在使用过程中不能被正确存放,一星期过氧化值就可超过国家规定的低于7.5mmol/kg的质量标准;一个月过氧化值可达到100mmol/kg以上,茴香胺值与羰基价均达到20 mmol/kg以上.氧化指标均超过国家规定的食用植物油卫生标准,对食用油的安全消费产生极为不利的影响.     

熟化方式及储存条件对亚麻籽粉氧化稳定性的影响

目的 探究不同熟化方式和储存条件对亚麻籽粉氧化稳定性的影响。方法 分别采用蒸汽、烘箱、微波、高压蒸煮4种熟化方式对亚麻籽进行熟化处理,将熟化的亚麻籽粉碎后测定其氧化诱导时间。将生亚麻籽粉在不同温度、光照条件、氧气条件和容器材质下储存,分别测定亚麻籽粉和储存第0、6、12、18、24、30、36、42、48、54、60、66d的氧化诱导时间。结果 不同熟化方式中,烘箱高温熟化温度90℃,烘烤时间为30 min时的亚麻籽粉具有最长的氧化诱导时间,为37.60 h,氧化稳定性较好。储存温度的降低、避光、隔绝氧气以及陶瓷材质的储存容器均有利于保持亚麻籽粉的储存稳定性。结论 合适的熟化处理方式和储存条件可以减少氧化,增强亚麻籽粉的氧化稳定性,延长其货架期,提高亚麻籽粉的应用价值。     

小麦胚芽贮藏期内脂质水解酸败机理解析

以小麦胚芽为研究对象,构建脂质水解酸败的模拟体系以及原位体系,解析小麦胚芽贮藏期内脂质水解酸败的机理。结果表明:光照、氧气和脂肪氧合酶未对小麦胚芽模拟体系中的游离脂肪酸含量产生明显影响,而脂肪酶则显著提升游离脂肪酸生成量;此外,游离脂肪酸生成量随水分活度增加而增加,于水分活度为0.75时达峰值,且小麦胚芽内部结合水和不易流动水含量也呈显著增加趋势,水分以及脂质流动性增加;小麦胚芽原位体系中游离脂肪酸含量随贮藏时间延长而逐渐增加,磷脂酰胆碱含量恰相反,且小麦胚芽脂质体膜遭到破坏,游离出的甘油三酯聚集形成油滴。由此可见,小麦胚芽脂质水解酸败模式主要表现为其脂质体膜中的磷脂酰胆碱降解而释放甘油三酯,而后甘油三酯经由脂肪酶催化水解生成大量的游离脂肪酸,从而产生水解酸败现象。     

California almond shelf life: lipid deterioration during storage

The effects of storage conditions on the lipid deterioration in California almond nuts and sliced were studied. Natural whole almonds with or without polyethylene (PE) packaging and blanched whole almonds and sliced with PE packaging were stored in 10 different storage conditions which were combinations of different temperatures and relative humidity levels. The peroxide values (PVs), iodine values (IVs), and free fatty acids (FFAs) were monitored during the storage. The PVs in the natural samples did not change noticeably whereas the blanched samples changed greatly, indicating that skins may have played a significant role. The IVs decreased slightly in the 1st 150 d of storage and then leveled off. The slightly faster changes in IVs in the blanched samples coincided with the greater changes in PVs in the blanched samples. The natural samples exhibited much higher FFA levels than the blanched samples after storage. In general, FFA increased with increasing storage time, temperature, and humidity. Highest levels of FFA were observed in the samples stored at high temperature and high humidity. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The results reported in this article provide useful information that almond producers and processors could use to develop their storage and transport processes.     

Discoloration and lipid deterioration of farmed giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas) muscle during refrigerated storage

ABSTRACT:  Discoloration and lipid deterioration of farmed giant catfish ( Pangasianodon gigas) muscle during 14 d refrigerated storage were investigated. Lipid deterioration, lipolysis, and lipid oxidation in both dorsal and ventral muscles increased as storage time increased. A progressive formation of primary lipid oxidation products monitored by the increase in conjugated dienes (CD) was observed ( P < 0.05) and the increase in thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), an index of secondary lipid oxidation products, was noticeable throughout the storage ( P < 0.05). The pH of both dorsal and ventral muscles tended to increase as storage time continued ( P < 0.05). A gradual increase in free fatty acid (FFA) formation was found within the first 10 d of refrigerated storage ( P < 0.05), suggesting hydrolysis induced by lipases and phospholipases. However, a sharp decrease in FFA content was observed at the end of storage. Refrigerated storage also resulted in changes in redness index of both dorsal and ventral muscles. These changes were coincidental with the changes in metmyoglobin content. Therefore, the discoloration and lipid changes in giant catfish muscle during refrigerated storage depended on the muscle type and might be related to the difference in composition between dorsal and ventral muscles.     

贮藏过程中酸败引起的米糠谷蛋白功能性质变化

将新鲜米糠在25℃、相对湿度85%的条件下贮藏不同时间得到不同酸败程度米糠,随后脱脂制备米糠谷蛋白,研究米糠酸败对米糠谷蛋白功能性质的影响。结果表明:米糠谷蛋白羰基含量随贮藏时间延长而增加,表明米糠谷蛋白在贮藏过程中发生了氧化;随着贮藏时间的延长,米糠谷蛋白溶解性下降了40%;米糠谷蛋白持水性、持油性、起泡能力、泡沫稳定性、乳化性和乳化稳定性则随着贮藏时间延长均先上升后下降,其中持水性和持油性分别在贮藏3d和1d后达到最大值,分别为212.61%和657.25%;起泡能力和乳化性均在贮藏1d后达到最大值,分别为75.06%和76.27m2/g,泡沫稳定性和乳化稳定性则在贮藏3d后达到最大值,分别为69.30%和20.60min。表明米糠短期贮藏可提高谷蛋白功能性质,而长期贮藏则会降低。     

不同储藏温度下小麦的品质劣变

小麦是我国的主要储备粮,小麦陈化是粮食储存中一个不可避免的问题,通过测定不同温度的储藏条件下,小麦的脂肪酸值和发芽率随着储藏时间延长的变化情况,探讨小麦品质劣变的变化规律,研究结果表明,储藏时间越长,储藏温度越高,小麦的脂肪酸值越大,发芽率越低,小麦的品质下降越快。     

Influence of storage time and temperature on lipid deterioration during cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) frozen storage

Lean fish deterioration during frozen storage (−30 and −10 °C) for up to 1 year was studied by the assessment of lipid changes. Comparison between a formaldehyde (FA)-forming species (cod) and a non-FA-forming one (haddock) was carried out. Lipid damages were measured on the basis of free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid index (TBA-i) and fluorescent compounds. In both species at −30 °C, most lipid damage indices showed significant correlations with the storage time. However, at −10 °C, only the FFA and fluorescence detections provided significant correlations with the storage time. Comparison between the fish species showed higher lipid oxidation (PV and TBA-i) and hydrolysis (FFA content) in haddock than in cod at −10 °C; however, a higher fluorescence development was observed in cod at the same temperature. At −30 °C, little differences in lipid damage indices were detected between the two species. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of previous gutting on rancidity development in horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) during frozen storage at −20 °C

Gutting was applied to fresh horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) to study its effect on rancidity development during a prolonged frozen storage (up to 12 months at −20°C). To do so, chemical (free fatty acids, FFA; peroxide value, PV; thiobarbituric acid index, TBA-i; fluorescence ratio, FR) and sensory (odour and taste) analyses were carried out. The results showed that the gutting of horse mackerel led to a higher degree of oxidation in the frozen product, according to the chemical (PV, TBA-i and FR) and sensory (odour and taste) analyses. However, a lower extent of lipid hydrolysis (FFA formation) was detected at the end of the storage (twelfth month) as a result of gutting. It is concluded that the gutting of a medium-fat fish species such as horse mackerel is not recommended as previous treatment to frozen storage.     

The role of lipid oxidation on biscuit texture during storage

The role of lipid oxidation and humidity absorption on the shelf life of biscuits was analysed. Biscuits with low lipid and sugar content were prepared employing different oils, and texture changes that biscuits experience during storage were studied. Water activity, peroxide value, malonaldehyde content and colour were also determined at different storage times. The maximum peroxide level was between 1 and 1.5 mmol kg^?1 of oil, at 166 days of storage. Values of malonaldehyde were between 5.2 and 15.8 nmol g^?1 of dry sample. Water activity and peroxide value influence the biscuit texture (P ≤ 0.05). To study the effects of both factors simultaneously, a mathematical model was adjusted to the data. Results indicate that an increase in the peroxide level, even at low level of lipid oxidation, increases Young's modulus and leads to a harder biscuit, while the humidity absorption lowers the fracture stress and Young's modulus.     

Effect of rosemary on lipid oxidation in pressure-processed,minced chicken breast during refrigerated storage and subsequent heat treatment

The protective effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) against lipid oxidation and tocopherol degradation in minced, pressure-processed chicken breast with 0.5% salt added was investigated during chill storage for 9 days and/or subsequent heat treatment by measurement of head-space hexanal and pentanal together with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and α- and γ-tocopherol. High-pressure processing at 600 MPa for 10 min led to a significant increase in secondary lipid oxidation products in minced chicken breast without rosemary, when compared to chicken breast with rosemary added. During subsequent chill storage, the level of secondary lipid oxidation products decreased slightly. For samples heated after pressure treatment and chill storage to mimic cooking, levels of secondary lipid oxidation products were higher than for the uncooked samples and rosemary was very efficient in preventing the oxidative process also during cooking, while the length of the chill storage period prior to cooking had little effect. Higher levels of α- and γ-tocopherol were found in all samples with rosemary compared to samples without rosemary, indicating that rosemary also protects tocopherols against degradation in pressurized chicken breast during chill storage and/or subsequent heat treatment.