煤岩卸荷变形损伤及声发射特性

深部开采引起的煤岩卸荷损伤破坏的机理与连续加载机理不同,从卸荷的角度研究煤岩动力灾害成为研究煤岩动力灾害问题的一个新的发展方向。利用MTS815岩石力学测试电液伺服试验系统和8CHSPCI-2声发射检测系统,对煤岩卸荷变形损伤及声发射特性进行了研究。研究表明,煤岩卸荷破坏表现为强烈的脆性破坏,且具有突发性,多呈张剪复合型破坏形式;煤岩卸荷的累积声发射振铃计数演化曲线可反映煤岩卸荷损伤的演化过程;煤岩卸荷破坏过程可分为3个阶段：损伤弱化阶段、损伤稳定发展阶段、损伤加速发展阶段;在煤岩开采过程中,围压被卸除,煤岩体迅速进入到煤岩卸荷损伤破坏的第3阶段,损伤迅速累积并发生突发性断裂破坏,煤岩动力灾害随即发生。     

加载速率对钢筋混凝土结构损伤的影响

目的 为探讨钢筋混凝土结构的动态损伤特性,进一步研究钢筋混凝土高层建筑结构连续倒塌破坏机理.方法 在钢筋混凝土梁柱构件动力特性试验基础上,分析钢筋混凝土梁柱构件的损伤,分别提出考虑加载速率影响的梁、柱构件的损伤演化方程,介绍一种改进的考虑加载速率影响的构件恢复力模型,并对一座6层3跨的钢筋混凝土框架结构模型进行地震作用下动态模拟,分析结构中主要构件的应变、应变率和损伤随时间的变化.结果 通过与试验结果对比,验证了笔者提出模型的有效性.通过数值模拟,得到梁的损伤值为0.06,柱的损伤值为0.17.结论 构件的损伤发展规律相近,且在地震动加速度峰值附近损伤迅速发展;柱的损伤大于梁的损伤.笔者提出的损伤模型能有效地模拟钢筋混凝土结构的损伤特性.     

不同速率下单双钎头破岩声发射数值分析

选用脆性花岗岩为研究对象,利用岩石破裂过程分析软件RFPA2D,分别对其进行单、双钎头在不同加载速率下的数值模拟试验,得到RFPA2D应力图及相对应同一加载步下的声发射图。结果表明:较单钎头相比,岩石在双钎头协同作用下将会形成应力叠加,且钎头下面的裂纹会对相邻裂纹产生影响,裂纹尖端会产生应力集中,试件破坏释放出的声发射能量和声发射计数更大;随着加载速率的增大,试件释放的声发射总能量增大,且所得竖向载荷增大。     

混凝土声发射规律的协同学研究及可视化模拟

混凝土破裂过程中声发射现象能够很好地揭示混凝土破裂机理。首次利用协同学的基本原理，对混凝土破裂过程中声发射现象进行了探索性研究，并通过混凝土破裂过程中内部结构状态变化（损伤演化）和声发射特征的对应关系，从更深层次上认识混凝土的破裂机理。首先分析了混凝土声发射参数与损伤演化的关系，并以声发射事件计数率作为混凝土破坏过程的序参量，建立了混凝土声发射序参量的演化方程，求出了其定态和非定态解，并分析了其科学意义，对混凝土声发射的协同特征进行了全面描述。最后，应用RFPA软件对混凝土声发射进行模拟，首次应用数值模拟的方法验证了混凝土声发射的协同效应，从而进一步证实了研究结果的准确性和利用协同学研究混凝土声发射的可行性，为混凝土声发射技术的工程应用提供理论依据；同时，所做的数值模拟工作，也为混凝土破裂机理研究提供了新的手段，即数值试验手段。     

不同煤厚煤岩组合体破裂过程声发射特征研究

为了研究煤岩组合体中煤厚对其破裂过程声发射特征的影响规律,以神东矿区布尔台煤矿基本顶粉砂岩和煤岩组合体试样为研究对象,采用DS5-8 b声发射监测系统对粉砂岩及煤岩组合体破裂过程中的声发射参数进行监测.结果表明:煤岩组合体中煤厚对其破裂过程中的声发射特征有影响,声发射峰值计数与煤厚呈负相关关系,声发射累计计数与煤厚呈正...     

大理岩特征应力的加载速率效应研究

为研究加载速率对脆性岩石特征应力的影响规律,利用MTS815型试验机和声发射测试系统进行大理岩的单轴压缩试验.采用体积应变法、声发射法和基于微裂纹发育特性的黏结颗粒离散元法确定试样的特征应力,探究特征应力的加载速率效应.结果表明,3种方法确定的特征应力值较为接近,基于微裂纹数的黏结颗粒离散元法是一种较可靠有效的方法.在中低加载速率范围内,随加载速率增加,归一化特征应力值呈现减小规律.数值模拟结果显示,加载速率在中低和较高范围内增加时,归一化起裂应力和损伤应力均减小.当处于中低加载速率范围时,其归一化特征应力降幅较大.当处于较高加载速率范围时,归一化特征应力趋于平稳,尤其是归一化损伤应力.相比较而言,归一化损伤应力的加载速率效应整体上比归一化起裂应力明显.     

保护层开采远距离煤岩破裂变形数值模拟

基于岩石破裂损伤理论和有限元计算方法,利用RFPA应用软件系统模拟保护层开采远距离动态发展过程;得出了覆岩破裂移动规律,及随保护层工作面推进,被保护层煤体应力和变形分布特征;进而分析了它对合理布置卸压抽放钻孔和消除被保护层突出危险性的作用,     

用于模拟声发射信号的PZT柱状相位调制器设计

为了便于在实验室进行管道泄漏实验,通过PZT柱状相位调制器的逆压电效应模拟泄漏声发射信号,结合压电方程和机电等效原理推导了PZT柱状相位调制器的传递函数,并设计了PZT柱状相位调制器,同时进行了数值模拟.结果表明,设计的相位调制器可有效模拟低于25kHz的泄漏声发射信号.     

不同拉拔加载速率对全长锚固锚杆力学行为和声发射响应的影响

考虑到采矿扰动应力的影响,更好地理解不同拉拔加载速率下全长锚固锚杆的承载特性具有重要意义.本文采用一系列的实验室拉拔试验研究了不同拉拔加载速率对全长锚固锚杆力学性能和失效特性的影响.结果表明,锚固试件的力学性能表现出明显的加载速率依赖性和剪切增强特性.随着拉拔加载速率的增加,锚固试件的峰值拉拔载荷增大,而峰值拉拔载荷对...     

加载速率对煤样力学行为影响的试验研究

加载速率变化会对介质力学行为产生影响,选用煤进行不同加载速率单轴力学试验.结果表明:对于煤,其强度随加载速率增加表现出先升高后降低的现象,将转折点对应的加载速率称为临界加载速率,低于该值时,煤样强度随加载速率增加而增大,高于该值时加载速率增加强度反而降低.建立"骨架"模型对该现象进行解释,分析表明:较快的加载速率可减少裂隙损伤有利于承载,但同时微元体承载部分将储存更多的弹性能出现局部破坏不利于承载.故必然存在"最优"加载速率使强度出现最大值,此时即对应临界加载速率.以此为基础,提出现场条件下低卸载速率配合均匀弱化介质的手段保证高强度生产的安全.     

邻近煤层受采动影响瓦斯排放率数值模拟研究

邻近煤层受采动影响瓦斯排放率与层间距的数值关系尚不明确,在预测和确定瓦斯排放率时,工作量大且精度难于保证。针对上述问题,根据邻近层瓦斯排放率与层间距的关系曲线,进行栅格化处理,得到了邻近煤层瓦斯排放率与层间距之间对应的原始数据。根据原始数据,对邻近煤层瓦斯排放率进行数值模拟,分别建立了上邻近层、缓倾斜煤层下邻近层和倾斜、急倾斜煤层下邻近层瓦斯排放率数学模型,并且对数学模型进行了误差分析和精度考察。研究表明,建立的邻近层瓦斯排放率预测数学模型精度高,可以为邻近层瓦斯涌出量预测、突出煤层开采保护层的条件选择和开采保护层的保护效果检验工程应用方面提供便利。     

单轴加卸载条件下岩盐变形过程能量和声发射特征研究 （研究生论坛）

利用 MTS815 Flex Test GT 岩石力学试验系统及声发射(AE)实时监测系统,对取自平顶山和淮安两处矿井的纯盐岩进行了单抽加卸载试验,得到了岩盐的应力-应变加卸载曲线、声发射振铃计数率和能量率曲线,并且从能量与声发射的角度研究了纯岩盐变形破坏过程的基本特征。通过研究表明,岩盐单轴加卸载条件下,弹性变形阶段很短,屈服过程产生很大的塑形变形,且峰后的变形过程没有应力的急剧下降,整个实验过程中加卸、载之间滞回环面积很微小。在整个实验过程中,弹性应变能占的比例非常的小;盐岩单轴加卸载变形破坏过程中,其耗散能随应变一直增加,且增长率递增,而当应力接近峰值时,增长率趋于恒定,耗散能曲线开始呈线性增长;弹性应变能在峰前一直增加,且增长率递减,在峰值处达到最大值,峰后开始下降。岩盐在试验初始阶段振铃计数率与能量率便大量产生,而后在屈服阶段呈现下降进入稳定发展期,直到峰值处,出现一个累计振铃计数和累计能量曲线的拐点,峰后以一个更高的速率稳定地且呈现阶梯状发展。本文对于盐岩储气库的水溶开挖和采气过程中逐渐卸载的应力环境施工过程有一定的实际指导意义。     

Numerical simulation study on hard-thick roof inducing rock burst in coal mine

In order to reveal the dynamic process of hard-thick roof inducing rock burst, one of the most common and strongest dynamic disasters in coal mine, the numerical simulation is conducted to study the dynamic loading effect of roof vibration on roadway surrounding rocks as well as the impact on stability. The results show that, on one hand, hard-thick roof will result in high stress concentration on mining surrounding rocks; on the other hand, the breaking of hard-thick roof will lead to mining seismicity, causing dynamic loading effect on coal and rock mass. High stress concentration and dynamic loading combination reaches to the mechanical conditions for the occurrence of rock burst, which will induce rock burst. The mining induced seismic events occurring in the roof breaking act on the mining surrounding rocks in the form of stress wave. The stress wave then has a reflection on the free surface of roadway and the tensile stress will be generated around the free surface. Horizontal vibration of roadway surrounding particles will cause instant changes of horizontal stress of roadway surrounding rocks; the horizontal displacement is directly related to the horizontal stress but is not significantly correlated with the vertical stress; the increase of horizontal stress of roadway near surface surrounding rocks and the release of elastic deformation energy of deep surrounding coal and rock mass are immanent causes that lead to the impact instability of roadway surrounding rocks. The most significant measures for rock burst prevention are controlling of horizontal stress and vibration strength.     

Acoustic emission characteristics of rock under impact loading

Acoustic emission tests were performed using a split Hopkinson pressure bar system(SHPB) on 50-mm-diameter bars of granite, limestone, sandstone and skarn. The results show that the amplitude distribution of hits is not well centralized around 50 d B, and that some hits with large amplitudes, usually larger than 70 d B, occur in the early stages of each test, which is different from the findings from static and low-loading-rate tests. Furthermore, the dominant frequency range of the recorded acoustic emission waveforms is between 300 k Hz and 500 k Hz, and frequency components higher than 500 k Hz are not significant. The hit with the largest values of amplitude, counts, signal strength, and absolute energy in each test, displays a waveform with similar frequency characteristics and greater correlation with the waveform obtained from the elastic input bar of the split Hopkinson pressure bar system compared with the waveforms of the other hits. This indicates that the hit with the largest values of amplitude, counts, signal strength, and absolute energy is generated by elastic wave propagation instead of fracture within the rock specimen.     

煤粉燃烧过程中汞析出过程的数值模拟

利用计算流体动力学（CFD）对一台410 t/h四角切圆煤粉燃烧锅炉进行数值模拟研究,在CFD计算基础上加入了Hg反应的子模型,计算得出在燃煤过程中Hg的生成、形态转化以及不同Hg形态在炉内的空间分布.结果表明,通过对整个三维炉膛体积的Hg形态的摩尔分数积分,炉内气相Hg0占94.22%,HgO占4.96%,HgCl2仅有0.82%;HgO、HgCl2在炉内分布较均匀,HgO主要分布在燃烧器区域,HgCl2主要分布在燃烧器和炉膛出口区域;HgO和HgCl2在燃煤过程中的生成途径是相同的,HgO和O2之间存在强烈的关联;HgCl2和Cl2之间存在强烈的关联,而与HCl和Cl的关联性不强;温度仅是促使HgCl2摩尔分数升高的间接因素.     

Effect of loading rate on fracture characteristics of rock

The three-point bending experiments were applied to investigating effects of loading rates on fracture toughness of Huanglong limestone. The fracture toughness of Huanglong limestone was measured over a wide range of loading rates from 9×10⁻⁴ to 1.537 MPa·m^1/2/s. According to the approximate relationship between static and dynamic fracture toughness of Huanglong limestone, relationship between the growth velocity of crack and dynamic fracture toughness was obtained. The main conclusions are summarized as follows. (1) When the loading rate is higher than 0.027 MPa·m^1/2/s, the fracture toughness of Huanglong limestone increases markedly with increasing loading rate. However, when loading rate is lower than 0.027 MPa·m^1/2/s, fracture toughness slightly increases with an increase in loading rate. (2) It is found from experimental results that fracture toughness is linearly proportional to the logarithmic expression of loading rate. (3) For Huanglong limestone, when the growth velocity of crack is lower than 100 m/s, the energy release rate slightly decreases with increasing the growth velocity of crack. However, when the growth velocity of crack is higher than 1 000 m/s, the energy release rate dramatically decreases with an increase in the crack growth velocity.     

Effect of heterogeneity on mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of rock specimen

The influence of heterogeneity on mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of rock specimen under uniaxial compress was studied with numerical simulation methods. Weibull distribution function was adopted to describe the mesoscopic heterogeneity of rocks. The failure process of heterogeneous rock specimen under uniaxial loading was simulated using FLAC^3D software. Five schemes were adopted to investigate the influence of heterogeneity. The results demonstrate that as the homogeneity increases, the peak strength and brittleness of rocks increase, and the macro elastic modulus improves as well. Heterogeneity has great influence on macro elastic modulus and strength when the homogeneity coefficient is less than 20.0. The volume expansion is not so obvious when the homogeneity increases. As the homogeneity coefficient increases the acoustic emissions modes change from swarm shock to main shock. When the homogeneity coefficient is high, the cumulative acoustic emission events-axial strain curve is gentle before the rock failure. The numerical results agree with the previously numerical results and earlier experimental measurements.     

DTMB 4119螺旋桨噪声特性的数值模拟

将DTMB 4119型螺旋桨作为研究对象,在敞水和伴流条件下分别计算水动力学特性和非空化噪声声压级. 在多个进速系数下对单桨模型的敞水性能展开验证,与文献实验值比对验证准确性后,引入FW-H声类比方程求解监测点声压及频谱. 结果表明,现有模型可以在多个进速系数下取得较吻合的数值结果;单极子和偶极子噪声频谱在低频段出现显著高于宽带的线谱噪声,频率与桨叶BPF及谐波对应. 在轴向平面内,单极子噪声声压级呈现出8字形的分布特征,偶极子噪声声压级呈现出∞型的指向性分布. 伴流场不会改变单、偶极子总声压级的指向性,但会使得各方向线谱噪声声压级趋于均匀. 在径向平面内,单、偶极子的噪声声压级指向性不明显.     

塌陷区岩体断裂失稳声发射信号分析

利用裂隙演化的非平衡统计理论对岩体断裂的非线性动力学问题进行简单描述，借助统计理论和扫描电镜（SEM）手段，对塌陷区围岩断裂失稳的声发射信号的特征参数进行系统分析，为塌陷区失稳位置的反演和准确推断提供了依据。