武钢5号高炉炉体破损调查研究

对武钢5号高炉（3200m^2）大修停炉破损调查结果进行分析，重点考察了内衬和冷却壁的破损状况。5号高炉球墨铸铁冷却壁制造质量好，在采用软水密闭循环冷却的条件下，水管腐蚀、结垢比不用软水的高炉大为减轻，水管破损率低。炉缸、炉底交界处仍是侵蚀最严重部位，最小残存炭砖厚度仅有280～300mm。为减缓炉缸、炉底炭砖侵蚀，应采用高热导率的微孔、超微孔炭砖，提高炉缸、炉底的冷却强度，并采取措施减轻碱金属和锌的危害。     

衡钢高炉炉缸炭砖侵蚀过快的原因浅析

衡钢1号高炉大修投产后不到2年,炉缸个别点温度最高上升到900℃左右,危及安全生产,被迫停炉中修。停炉后观察发现,炉缸炉底呈“象脚状”侵蚀,炉缸第1层炭砖侵蚀严重,最薄弱处炭砖残余厚度仅240mm,从残铁口扒渣门两边炉缸第7～9层炭砖中部可见明显的环裂缝。认为1号高炉炉缸炭砖侵蚀过快的原因主要是:(1)高冶炼强度操作,且炉缸直径偏小,致使炉缸铁水环流强;(2)炉缸炉底耐材部分指标不达标;(3)炭砖冷面与冷却壁之间的炭素捣打料层存在气隙;(4)Pb、Zn及碱金属等有害元素控制不力;(5)铁口深度合格率低。     

淮钢3号高炉炉缸破损调查及整体浇注

淮钢3号高炉第二代炉役寿命9年零2个月,单位炉容产铁量1.3247万t/m3.大修停炉时进行的炉缸破损调查发现:炉缸陶瓷杯壁被侵蚀干净,并已侵蚀至炉缸环炭;炉缸呈象脚状侵蚀,象脚区域侵蚀严重,最薄位置炭砖仅剩80 mm;炉底侵蚀较轻,2层陶瓷垫仍有1层保存完好.大修时采取炉缸整体浇注方式进行快速修复,并采用全风口+带风...     

沙钢3号高炉炉缸安全评估分析

为探究沙钢3号高炉炉缸侧壁温度升高原因,对沙钢3号高炉开炉以来的热电偶温度数据及热流强度变化趋势进行统计,并计算了炭砖的残余厚度。结合3号高炉的死铁层深度及冷却系统设计等参数,对炉缸侧壁温度升高的原因进行了解析。结果表明,沙钢3号高炉炭砖侵蚀薄弱区域处于铁口下方1~2 m,最薄位置处于西铁口,炭砖残余厚度约为517 mm。结合高炉炉缸设计发现,其炭砖侵蚀严重区域处于炉缸冷却壁薄弱位置,且与炉缸死料柱角部位置有关。研究相关结果可为国内大中型高炉设计提供相关指导。     

包钢3号高炉炉缸炉底破损调查

对包钢3号高炉炉缸炉底破损状况进行了调查,并对炉缸炉底的侵蚀原因进行了分析。结果表明:炉缸炉底存在"象脚状"侵蚀,侵蚀部位在炉缸炉底交界处,侵蚀的最薄处炭砖残存厚度只有400mm,侵蚀了800mm;风口下方砖衬侵蚀较为严重,风口下方6层大炭砖环裂较为明显,环裂是造成高炉大炭砖破损的主要形式;炉缸自上而下的黏结物中都有碱金属、锌等有害元素的存在,有害元素大量沉积、渗透侵蚀和炭砖体积膨胀是3号高炉炉缸破损的重要原因。     

武钢6号高炉中修破损调查

利用武钢6号高炉中修停炉的机会,对其炉衬和冷却器破损状况进行了调查,发现高炉风口组合砖已侵蚀殆尽,炉缸炭砖顶部未发现环缝侵蚀,炉缸圆周方向部分区域陶瓷杯尚有残存;高炉炉缸第5段、炉腹第6段冷却壁破损严重,破损部位主要集中在炉缸炉腹衔接部位;高炉炉腰第7段、炉身第8段冷却壁服役状况良好,未发生严重破损。通过分析认为,6号高炉炉缸可以满足一代炉龄15年的使用要求;炉缸炉腹冷却壁破损原因主要在于冷却壁结构不合理。为此,在中修后的6号高炉上改进了冷却壁结构设计,新型冷却壁服役效果良好,预计可以满足大型高炉的长寿要求和目标。     

首钢股份1号高炉炉缸侵蚀状况剖析

结合首钢股份1号高炉炉缸破损调查结果,从有害元素、焦炭质量、铁水含碳饱和度、死料柱及炉役后期频繁停炉的影响等方面,对炉缸侵蚀原因进行了剖析.破损调查结果表明,炉缸呈现出“象脚形”侵蚀,最为严重的侵蚀部位在铁口中心线下方2.1～2.4m之间,侵蚀最严重部位炭砖残余厚度330 mm,位于25号风口下方.认为炉役后期死铁层加...     

高炉炭砖侵蚀机理分析

首钢迁钢2号高炉开炉2年后炉缸便发生水温差异常升高现象,长期被迫加钛护炉,控制冶炼强度。研究炭砖的侵蚀是探索炉缸侵蚀的关键。通过化学成分分析、SEM和EDS等手段,研究2号高炉炉缸炭砖异常侵蚀状态和机理。结果表明,13号风口下方象脚区炭砖主要受铁、钾、硫等侵蚀,其中铁的侵蚀深度最深;20号风口下方象脚区炭砖除受铁、钾和硫侵蚀外,受锌侵蚀也较为严重,但锌的侵蚀深度小于铁、钾和硫的侵蚀深度;出铁口区炭砖主要受锌和硫侵蚀,该区炭砖附近存在串气现象,炭砖表层有裂纹,裂纹处主要为锌和硫。炭砖芯部存在混料不均现象,其将导致碳砖随着炉缸温度和压力的变化而产生裂纹。     

长钢9号高炉炉缸温度升高的护炉措施

对长钢9号高炉炉缸温度升高后的护炉操作情况进行了分析总结。9号高炉炉缸二段冷却壁热流强度超出报警值(9.3kW/m~2),多处温度升高(最高达356℃)。为此,采取了加大冷却强度、配加钛球护炉、调整送风面积及长度、压浆造衬等一系列措施,取得了较好的护炉效果,炉缸温度呈现下降趋势(降至266℃),炭砖的侵蚀速度得到控制。认为,9号高炉目前炉缸状况具备安全运行基础,但不能长期维持高冶强生产。     

韶钢6号高炉炉缸侧壁温度升高的治理

韶钢6号高炉大修投产后炉缸温度逐步升高,炉缸碳砖温度最高达800℃,个别冷却壁水温差及热流强度超标.本文对炉缸冷却壁水温差偏高及侧壁温度上升原因进行了分析,通过强化冷却、采取炉缸压浆,适当抑制边缘气流,合理调整风口布局等综合治理措施,炉缸冷却壁水温差及侧壁温度逐步下降并趋于稳定,为治理高炉侧壁温度升高积累经验.     

Proceedings of the American Psychological Association, Incorporated, for the year 1991: Minutes of the annual meeting of the Council of Representatives August 14 and 17, 1991, San Francisco, and February 29 March 1, 1992, Washington, DC.

These minutes act as the official record of the actions of the American Psychological Association (APA) taken during the year by both the Board of Directors and the Council of Representatives. The report contains sections on (1) meeting minutes; (2) elections, awards, and membership; (3) ethics; (4) Board of Directors; (5) Divisions and State Associations; (6) APA organization; (7) publications and communications; (8) convention affairs; (9) educational affairs; (10) professional affairs; (11) scientific affairs; (12) public interest; (13) ethnic minority affairs; (14) international affairs; (15) Central Office; (16) financial affairs; and (17) communications concerning outside organizations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis of Hexp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->O) (CH2)7 CH3 probes for exploration of the substrate specificity of glycosyltransferases: Part II, Hex = 3-O-methyl-beta-D-Gal, 3-deoxy-beta-D-Gal, 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-D-Gal, 3-amino-3-deoxy-beta-D-Gal, beta-D-Gul, alpha-L-Alt, or beta-L-Gal

Seven analogues of the trisaccharide beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->O)(CH 2)7CH3 have been synthesized as potential substrates for glycosyltransferases involved in the chain-termination of N-acetyllactosamine-type N-glycans. These compounds include: 3-O-methyl-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp -(1-->O) (CH2)7CH3, 3-deoxy-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 -->O) (CH2)7CH3, 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-M anp- (1-->O)(CH2)7Ch3, 3-amino-3-deoxy-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Ma np- (1-->O)(CH2)7CH3, beta-D-Gulp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-- >O)(CH2)7CH3, beta-L-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-->O)(CH 2)7CH3, and alpha-L-Altp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1- ->O) (CH2)7CH3. All trisaccharides were obtained by condensation of suitably modified glycosyl donors based on imidates or thioglycosides with the same disaccharide acceptor, octyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-O-(3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside, followed by deprotection.     

Proceedings of the American Psychological Association, Incorporated, for the year 1995: Minutes of the annual meeting of the Council of Representatives: August 10 and 13, 1995, New York, NY, and February 16–18, 1996, Washington, DC.

Reports minutes representing the official record of the actions of the American Psychological Association (APA) taken during 1995 by both the Board of Directors and the Council of Representatives. Topics include (1) minutes of meetings; (2) elections, awards, membership, and human resources; (3) ethics; (4) Board of Directors; (5) divisions and state and provincial associations; (6) organization of the APA; (7) publications and communications; (8) convention affairs; (9) educational affairs; (10) professional affairs; (11) scientific affairs; (12) public interest; (13) ethnic minority affairs; (14) international affairs; (15) Central Office; (16) financial affairs; and (17) communications concerning outside organizations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A novel extractant bis(2-ethylhexyl) ((2-ethylhexylamino)methyl) phosphine oxide for cerium(IV) extraction and separation from sulfate medium

By introducing the amine group into phosphorus extractant, a novel aminophosphine compound bis(2-ethylhexyl) ((2-ethylhexylamino)methyl) phosphine oxide (DEHAPO, abbreviated as A) was synthesized for the extraction of cerium (IV) (Ce(IV)) from sulfate medium (H₂SO₄). The influence factors including extractant concentration, H₂SO₄ concentration and temperature on the Ce(IV) extraction were investigated and discussed. It is found that the extraction ability of Ce(IV), thorium (IV) (Th(IV)) and rare earths (REs(III)) (La, Gd, Yb) decreases in sulphate medium in the following order: Ce(IV) > Th(IV) > REs(III). The extraction process is an exothermic reaction and the thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The extracted complex of Ce(HSO₄)₂SO₄·A in loaded organic solution was identified by the slope methods and further proved by FT-IR spectral analysis. Stripping studies indicate that Ce(IV) can be effectively stripped from the organic phase. The results of separation factors (β) and saturation loading capacity demonstrate that DEHAPO could be used to selectively extract Ce(IV) from sulphate medium with high separation efficiency and good extraction ability.     

Kinetic and spectral studies of EHPG systems using chemi- and electrochemiluminescence methods

The systems containing EHPG, EHPG-OCH3 and EHPG-NH-Ac and Tb(Ⅲ) ions were used to study chemiluminescence (CL) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) processes. In the CL studies the Fenton system (Fe(Ⅱ)/(Ⅲ)-H2O2) was used as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Kinetic CL curves and CL spectral distributions were recorded. On the basis of the results obtained, it was demonstrated that Tb(Ⅲ) acted as a sensitizer. Similarly obtained CL decays in the systems of Fe(Ⅱ)/(Ⅲ)-EHPG (or its derivatives)-H2O2 and Fe(Ⅱ)/(Ⅲ)-EHPG (or its derivatives)-Tb(Ⅲ)-H2O2, independently on the Tb(Ⅲ) concentration, showed that the lanthanide ions did not influence the kinetics of the oxidation of EHPG (or its derivatives) in the Fenton systems. The CL intensity increased with the increasing concentration of Tb(Ⅲ) ions, which were the main emitters in the reaction systems. Spectrophotometric and luminescent studies of the systems before and after the additions of hydrogen peroxide proved that the excitation of the lanthanide ion was a result of energy transfer from the excited products of the oxidation of EHPG or its derivatives to the uncomplexed Tb(Ⅲ) ions. ECL was generated on the surface of a nonstructural modified aluminum electrode with the use of K2S2O8, H2O2 or KN3 as coreactants in aqueous solution. In these studies we employed Al electrodes covered with a 2-4 nm layer of Al2O3 doted with Tb(Ⅲ) or Dy(Ⅲ) ions. The electrodes were polarized using cathodic and anodic pulses of various amplitude and frequency. The relative ECL efficiencies were determined as a function of electric pulse parameters, electrolyte compositions and the thickness of barrier or porous layer of the Al2O3 electrode.     

Evaluation of United States of America psychology by the "four-years-absent" method.

Criticisms are leveled at psychology in the United States: (a) psychology, both as a discipline and as a profession is vague; (b) psychology lacks goals; (c) psychology is fragmented—the specialities are isolated from each other with little effective inter-communication; (d) psychology appears to be angry—the profession lacks harmony; (e) psychology is insecure—we have a status problem; (f) psychologists suffer from inbreeding—their views are often narrow; (g) psychology lacks tradition; (h) psychology has no modern heroes; and (i) psychologists have surrendered—not only do we lack a concept of self, but "we do not seem to seek one within the framework of our profession." Remedies are suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The utilization of galvanic cells using Caβ″-Alumina solid electrolytes in a thermodynamic investigation of the CaO- AI2O3 system

Caβ″-alumina solid electrolytes have been used in calcium concentration electrochemical cells to determine the standard free energies of formation of the calcium aluminates, from their constituent oxides, in the temperature ranges specified: (1) CaO(s) + 6Al₂O₃(s) → CaO6Al₂0₃(s) ΔG° =-4270.9 - 9.4r(K)(±200)cal = -17869.4 - 39.3T (±840)J; 1100 to 1500 K. (2) CaO(s) + 2Al₂O₃(s) → CaO.2Al₂O₃(s) ΔG° = -3087.1 - 6.39HK) (±300)cal = -12916.4 -26.74T (±1260)J; 1100 to 1500 K. (3) CaO(s) + Al₂O₃(s)→ CaO-Al₂O₃(s) ΔG° = -3612.1 -4.35T(K) (±200)cal = -15113.0 - 18.2r(±840)J; 1050 to 1500 K. (4) 3CaO(s) + Al₂O₃(s) → 3CaO-Al₂O₃(s) ΔG° = -1868.7 - 7.05T(K)(±200)cal = -7818.6 - 29.57(±840)J; 1050 to 1320 K.     

Metal-organic frameworks of lanthanide iminodiacetates and tartrates:Synthesis,structural characterization and luminescence properties——Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Academician Guangxian Xu

Two series of lanthanide-containing metal-organic frameworks(Ln-MOFs) of the general formula{[Ln(HIDA)_2 H_2 O]ClO_4·H_2 O}_n(Ln = La(1),Nd(2),Eu(3),Gd(4),Tb(5),Eu:Tb(6);H_2 IDA=iminodiacetic acid) and [Ln(TT)(HTT)(H_2 O)_3]_n(Ln=Eu(7),Gd(8),Tb(9),Dy(10),and Eu:Tb(11);H_2 TT=tartaric acid)were synthesized by reacting Ln(ClO_4)_3 with iminodiacetic acid and L-tartaric acid,respectively.All compounds were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Elemental analyses are co nsistent with the corre sponding crystallographically generated formulas.Mo reover,the luminescence properties of both the single and mixed-lanthanide complexes were studied.Near infrared,red,and green emissions that are characteristic of Nd(Ⅲ),Eu(Ⅲ),and Tb(Ⅲ) are observed for 2,3/7,and 5/9,respectively.For the two mixed-lanthanide complex systems 6 and 11,depending on the relative amount of Eu(Ⅲ) and Tb(Ⅲ),the color of emission can be fine-tuned.It is found that a small amount of Eu(Ⅲ) is adequate for the observation of the most intense transition of Eu(Ⅲ).This is believed to be a result of energy transfer from Tb(Ⅲ) to Eu(Ⅲ) within the same complex-a conclusion supported by the significantly shortened lifetime of Tb(Ⅲ) and the accompanying enhanced lifetime of Eu(Ⅲ) in the mixedlanthanide complex with respect to the corresponding values for the pure Tb(Ⅲ) and Eu(Ⅲ) complexes with the same ligand.     

Synthesis of four spacer-containing 'tetrasaccharides' that represent four possible repeating units of the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6B

In the framework of studies towards oligosaccharide-conjugate based vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae, the synthesis is reported of four spacer-containing tetrasaccharides that each can be conceived as representing a repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of S. pneumoniae serotype 6B, namely, 3-aminopropyl D-ribityl-(5-->hydrogen phosphate-->2)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3) -alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, 3-aminopropyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-D-ribityl-5(-->hydrogen phosphate-->2)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, 3-aminopropyl alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4) -D-ribityl-(5-->hydrogen phosphate-->2) -alpha-D-galactopyranoside, and alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-5-O-(3-aminopropyl hydrogen phosphate)-D-ribitol. Phosphorylations were carried out using the H-phosphonate method.     

State-of-the-Art in Design of Curved Box-Girder Bridges

The objective of this paper is to provide highlights of the most important references related to the development of current guide specifications for the design of straight and curved box-girder bridges. Subjects discussed in this review include (1) different box-girder bridge configurations; (2) construction issues; (3) deck design; (4) load distribution; (5) deflection and camber; (6) cross-bracing requirements; (7) end diaphragms; (8) thermal effects; (9) vibration characteristics; (10) impact factors; (11) seismic response; (12) ultimate load-carrying capacity; (13) buckling of individual components forming the box cross section; (14) fatigue; and (15) curvature limitations provided by the codes for treating a curved bridge as a straight one. The literature survey presented herein encompasses (1) the construction phase; (2) load distribution; (3) dynamic response; and (4) ultimate load response of box-girder bridges.