压延铜箔表面处理工艺的初步研究

由于结构和用途的不同,压延铜箔的表面处理工艺有别于电解铜箔,通过在中试线上开展实验,对比不同电解液、电流密度及电镀时间对镀铜结晶形态、表面粗糙度及抗剥离强度的影响,研究出了一种适合压延铜箔的表面处理工艺,找到了一种压延铜箔获得理想粗化效果的方法.     

海水淡化装置用铜合金无缝管研制

本文分析探讨了铜合金管材原始表面皮膜对耐蚀性的影响,提出了为防止海水淡化装置用铜合金管材加工过程中形成表面皮膜的研制工艺。实践证明,该研制工艺先进、新颖、独特,具有节能环保、自动化程度高、低投入高产出,适合于规模化工业生产等特点。该研制工艺"在产品的制造工艺上有创新,技术处于国际领先地位"。     

不同电极材料对电火花成型加工特性的实验研究

电火花成型加工过程中,不同的电极材料对成型工件的表面质量及加工时间均有影响,本文在相同的电参数与非电参数下分别以石墨、钨铜、紫铜3种工具电极材料来加工不锈钢工件并对实验的结果进行分析.实验结果发现:钨铜电极成型的工件表面质量最好,可以达到0.841um的高精度水平,满足航空航天精密零件的加工要求,同时加工时间为12.6...     

Microstructure of shot-blasting casting roll and effect on strip solidification during strip-casting process

In the strip-casting process,the surface topography of the casting roll has a significant influence on the solidification microstructure and surface quality of the as-cast strip. Shot-blasting treatment is an important way to achieve a suitable surface topography on the casting roll. In this study,a casting roll of beryllium copper alloy was shot blasted using steel pellets in the laboratory,resulting in a randomly distributed discontinuous peak and dent surface topography,in which cold deformation-slip bands and fine-deformation twins were formed. The thickness of the deformed copper alloy was about 100 μm during the shot-blasting process,and the copper hardness value increased significantly within 40 μm of the surface,with a maximum increase of more than 20% compared to the mean substrate hardness value. Within 60-100 μm of the surface,the hardness at the peak position was still higher than the copper substrate mean value,but the hardness at the dents was not,which was mainly due to the copper alloy slip and twinning deformation mechanisms. The surface hardness was similar to that of the substrate after the shot-blasted sample had been subjected to thermal shock. The molten steel first chilled and nucleated at the surface peaks of the casting roll;furthermore,fine dendrites grew and crossed over the middle of the dents. Therefore,the peak intervals of the shot-blasted surface are an important factor in solidification quality control.     

对国产LHD-700/5型型线拉线机生产紫铜扁线的评议

依据滑动式拉线机的原理，剖析了国产LHD－700／5型型线拉线机生产紫铜扁线的弊端，指出该机型不适合生产紫铜扁线。对使用该机型生产紫铜扁线的厂家，在配模确定局部滑动系数并兼顾扁线的表面质量时，有一定参考价值，对设备制造厂家亦有一定的借鉴意义。     

薄板坯连铸结晶器锥度设计技术研究及应用

以提高结晶器使用寿命和铸坯表面质量为目标,通过建立漏斗区自有锥度、结晶器总锥度和结晶器局部锥度的计算模型,研究了漏斗区的宽度和深度、窄边铜板偏移量以及磨损对结晶器锥度沿高度方向分布的影响,提出了漏斗区自有锥度和局部锥度沿高度方向分布应与铸坯的凝固收缩相匹配的设计理念,对薄板坯连铸结晶器宽面铜板内腔形状及窄边锥度调控工艺进行了优化设计,为结晶器操作工艺及管理制度的优化提供了理论依据。基于上述研究工作,研发了适合于FTSC工艺的新型结晶器,进行了大量的工业生产试验。结果表明:在浇注宽度为1 520mm的铸坯时,窄边附加偏移量可由12mm降低到7mm,窄边铜板的使用寿命得到了大幅度的提高,过钢量为2.25万t后,窄边铜板最大磨损量由5mm降低到2mm以下;新型结晶器有效控制了铸坯窄面凹陷和表面纵裂纹的发生。     

铜及其合金梯度结构制备及性能研究进展

高性能铜及铜合金由于其高导电性、高导热性、高强度、高耐蚀及可镀性、易加工性等系列优良特性而成为多个领域开发中必不可少的材料。研究发现,梯度结构的存在可有效提高铜及铜合金的强度,同时保持原有的塑性。区别于传统铜及其合金,表面细晶到心部粗晶的逐渐过渡及位错缺陷等的相互作用使梯度结构铜表现出更好的强塑性协同效应,正是这种异质性促使材料性能进一步提升。然而,基于梯度结构材料的异质性,传统铜及其合金的变形机制、制备技术及仿真模拟等并不适用于梯度结构铜及其合金,这使得梯度结构铜及其合金的实际生产应用受到极大限制。鉴于此,本文从梯度结构的制备工艺其性能改善方面综述了现有梯度结构铜及其合金的研究进展,梳理了诸多领域内梯度结构铜及铜合金材料的发展及现状,并分析了梯度结构铜合金材料的研究趋势与应用需求。     

不织布研磨刷在铜合金带材生产中的应用

不织布研磨刷已成为铜及铜合金带材生产关键工具,从不织布研磨刷的研磨机理、研磨刷的组成、研磨工艺及研磨刷的使用等几方面进行论述,生产中选择合适的不织布研磨刷,粗轧后带坯采用320#~1200#的研磨刷,中精轧后的铜带选择1200#~3000#的研磨刷;研磨电流控制在4A以内,研磨刷转速控制在900~1200rpm,可以提高铜合金带材的表面质量。     

低氧铜杆线铜粉剥离原因分析及其对策措施

表面铜粉剥离,导致铜杆线表面损伤,其对铜杆线拉伸过程具有较大影响。通过扫描电镜分析,剥离铜粉厚度可达25μm,经物相分析确定其主要成分为铜及铜的氧化物。通过对剥离物和杆线表面缺陷进行形貌分析,以铜杆线的生产、加工各环节作为研究对象,并确认了铜杆轧制工艺、无酸清洗工艺、线表擦伤、拉伸角度及拉丝模具等5方面影响因素,制定了相应的对策措施。研究表明,铜杆氧化物剥落和机械损伤是铜粉剥离的主要原因,在铜杆线生产、加工环节,防止氧化物带入铜基体和避免铜线表面损伤能有效减少铜杆线铜粉剥离。     

电解铜箔粒子类缺陷的成因分析与管控措施

铜箔作为电子电路行业中一种重要的功能性基础材料,在印制电路板、覆铜箔层压板及锂离子电池等领域被广泛应用。粒子类缺陷是电解铜箔典型的质量问题,本文对电解铜箔的生产工艺过程逐一梳理,阐释粒子类缺陷的表面形貌特征与危害。结合铜箔生产实践,重点对生箔铜瘤、表处镀铜、切屑铜粉、异物等几类典型粒子缺陷的成因进行逐一分析,总结归纳出一套涵盖监控过滤器的效果与寿命、处理生箔机台的绝缘与密封、添加剂配方的优化、处理机导电辊工况的管控、切刀的调整与更换、生产环境的洁净保障等全过程粒子类缺陷管控的有效措施。     

Qualitative observations on the diffusion of copper and gold through a nickel barrier

To retard failure of gold plated copper parts by diffusion of copper to the gold surface, a layer of nickel is frequently used between the copper and gold as a diffusion barrier. To evaluate the mechanisms whereby the nickel retards the motion of copper atoms to the gold surface, planar tri-couples of Cu/Ni/Au were prepared by electroplating nickel and gold layers on OFHC copper coupons. Diffusion anneals were carried out at temperatures from 150 to 750°C. A qualitative evaluation of diffusion behavior was provided by an electron microprobe utilizing X-ray wavelength dispersive analysis on polished cross sections. Results demonstrate that the nickel layer retards but does not block the transport of copper to the gold surface. Possible mechanisms for the anomalous buildup of copper at the gold/nickel interface and gold at the copper/nickel interface are discussed.     

Qualitative observations on the diffusion of copper and gold through a nickel barrier

To retard failure of gold plated copper parts by diffusion of copper to the gold surface, a layer of nickel is frequently used between the copper and gold as a diffusion barrier. To evaluate the mechanisms whereby the nickel retards the motion of copper atoms to the gold surface, planar tri-couples of Cu/Ni/Au were prepared by electroplating nickel and gold layers on OFHC copper coupons. Diffusion anneals were carried out at temperatures from 150 to 750°C. A qualitative evaluation of diffusion behavior was provided by an electron microprobe utilizing X-ray wavelength dispersive analysis on polished cross sections. Results demonstrate that the nickel layer retards but does not block the transport of copper to the gold surface. Possible mechanisms for the anomalous buildup of copper at the gold/nickel interface and gold at thecopper/nickel interface are discussed.     

压延铜箔制备技术分析

介绍了压延铜箔生产的工艺流程,提出压延铜箔项目的关键技术在于:铸锭质量、板形控制、表面处理和质量管理.铜熔体精炼净化过程中除杂、脱气是获得高质量压延铜箔的前提,良好的板形控制是基本条件,合理的表面处理工艺是压延铜箔满足各种使用需求的必要手段,而先进的质量理念是实现既定目标的保证.     

Contribution à l'étude de la lixiviation de la chalcopyrite

A study of the kinetics of chalcopyrite dissolution in sulfuric acid medium under oxygen pressure of 70 psia (0.48 MPa) was made on a chalcopyrite concentrate as function of acid concentration, temperature, and grain size. An evaluation of the real surface, an examination of the surface of the grains by scanning electronic microscope, and an analysis of the residue by energy dispersion of X-rays were carried out for different leaching periods. The dissolution kinetics vary sensibly with grain size, leaching temperature and normality of the original solution. 80% of copper can be leached out of the concentrate after 10 hours of dissolution at 90'C with a solution of 1.8 N sulfuric acid and for a grain dimension of 5 pm. An exponential function is found suitable to explain the kinetics of leaching till the slowing of the copper dissolution is achieved. The nature of the attack is electrochemical with different forms. Crevice corrosion under deposits is an important contributing factor in dissolution and in slowing of the dissolution at the end of the process.     

Substructure of the friction surface of copper and copper-graphite materials

Conclusions In friction at a sliding rate of 40 m/sec and a pressure of 0.1 MPa. a finely disperse mixture of particles of copper and its oxides forms on the surface of pure copper; these particles increase the strength of the surface layer of copper, reduce its wear, but do not prevent bonding processes from taking place.In friction of DGr-5 material at a sliding speed of 11 m/sec under a pressure of 0.1 MPa., surface films consisting of ultradisperse particles of copper and oxides form; the dimensions of the graphite particles are comparable with those of the initial particles. Since the graphite particles cannot extend completely along the prismatic planes to the friction surface and the amount of graphite is insufficient for ensuring the lubricating effect, DGr-5 material is not capable of efficient operation in these conditions.The surface films formed during friction on DGr-10 composite material are characterized by uniform distribution of the graphite particles and consist of ultradisperse copper and fineplate textured graphite with preferential orientation with the basal planes parallel to the friction surface; this results in higher values of the tribotechnical characteristics.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 12(300), pp. 66–71, December, 1987.     

几种分解方法在光度法测定含钼矿样中钼的比较

考察了碱熔解法、酸溶解法和烧结法分解含钼矿样品的条件,结合硫氰酸钾分光光度法比较了钼的分析结果。结果表明：碱熔解法适用于钼含量I〉0．1％,铜、铁、钙、镁和氟等较高含量的样品的熔解;酸溶解法适用于钼含量〈0．1％,易溶且干扰元素较少的样品的溶解;烧结法适用于钼含量〈0．1％的含硅、铅等较高含量样品的分解。方法应用于钨矿石标准样品,地质矿、原矿、尾矿和铜精矿样品的分解及其钼的测定中结果满意。     

Investigating the surface of particles of ultradispersed copper powders obtained by gas-phase condensation

Ultradispersed powders of metal copper obtained by evaporation-condensation technology are investigated. It is shown that, depending on the evaporation rate, various dispersities and degrees of agglomeration of copper powders are attained with the conservation of the weight fraction of copper in them no lower than 99.0%. It is established using the XPES method that a 5- to 6-nm-thick CuO layer (on the surface of which there is a Cu₂O layer up to 1 nm thick) is always present on the surface of Cu particles of all powders under consideration. It is assumed that, because of a low residual air pressure in industrial installations, the surface layer of copper oxidizes to the lower oxide Cu₂O during the evaporation of metal, while oxide CuO is formed as a result of the decomposition of Cu₂O during the condensation of copper particles. The smaller the particle size of the powder is, the higher the content of oxides is.     

铜板厚度对板坯结晶器热力行为的影响

基于某钢厂的铸机条件,建立了三维热弹塑性有限元模型,得到了不同厚度铜板的温度、变形量和等效应力应变的分布状态,指导了河北普阳钢铁有限公司结晶器的设计。结果表明：铜板越厚,热面温度越高,等效应力越小,变形量越大。铜板厚度每增加5mm,热面最高温度将相应增加30℃左右;热面最大等效应力将减dx7．5MPa2左右;热面最大变形量将相应增加0．05mm左右;较薄的铜板可减少浇铸过程中铜板的热变形。     

A method for determining the productivity of electrolyzers for aluminum production

The existing methods for determining the productivity of aluminum electrolyzers are systematized. It is shown that the metal-indicator method with copper used as the indicator metal is the most suitable for industrial conditions. The kinetics of dissolution of copper in industrial aluminum electrolyzers is studied and a formula for calculating their productivity is derived. The optimal charge weight of the indicator metal (copper) and the volume of sampling (the number of electrolyzers) are established.     

新疆某低品位铜镍矿回收工艺及药剂试验研究

随着国民经济的发展,对铜、镍金属的需求也日趋增加,为了确保国家有限的铜镍矿产资源得以充分的综合利用,提高铜镍矿产资源的综合可利用率,对开采和综合回收低品位铜镍矿石具有非常重要的社会意义,从而通过试验研究寻求一种适合于综合回收低品位的铜镍矿石的工艺流程及药剂制度显得十分重要。针对新疆某低品位铜镍矿的性质特点,采用铜镍混合浮选工艺,优化工艺制度,试验获得较好的工艺指标。