浸渗型TiC/FeCrWMoV金属陶瓷高温自润滑特性及其润滑机理

采用熔融固体润滑剂和微孔金属陶瓷预制体的真空压力浸渗复合技术,制备出浸渗型互穿网络结构TiC/FeCrWMoV系高温自润滑复合材料。利用XP型高温摩擦磨损试验机考察其摩擦磨损性能,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光电子能谱(EDXA)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析磨损表面成分、形貌和结构,探讨了该材料的高温自润滑机理。结果表明:高温摩擦磨损过程中,浸渗于复合材料微孔中的固体润滑剂扩散析出,并在摩擦表面形成含有PbWO4、PbO、SnWO4、Ag2WO4、Ag3Sn等氧化物和金属间化合物的润滑膜是其在高温下具有良好自润滑性能的主要原因;摩擦界面的微孔结构是影响浸渗复合式高温自润滑材料摩擦过程中润滑膜完整性的主要因素。Pb-Sn-RE三元系复合固体润滑剂中加入Ag元素可以防止润滑膜表层开口孔隙的封闭,有助于浸渗复合式高温自润滑复合材料孔隙中固体润滑剂的持续扩散析出,以保证摩擦磨损过程中润滑膜的持久性和完整性。     

梯度自润滑复合材料在不同滑动摩擦下的摩擦学特性

梯度自润滑复合材料是一种新型润滑材料,利用粉末冶金工艺设计和制备了该材料,考察了其在不同摩擦条件下的摩擦学特性,并对其摩擦磨损机理进行了分析和研究.结果表明:梯度自润滑复合材料随着复合固体润滑剂含量的增多,摩擦学性能明显改善,但润滑剂含量过高将导致材料表面硬度过低;该材料适用于高载倚下的润滑部件;脂润滑条件下,复合固体润滑剂与润滑脂结合在摩擦面上形成的膏状润滑膜使梯度自润滑复合材料的摩擦学性能显著改善;在脂润滑高载荷条件下,梯度自润滑复合材料的磨损主要发生在磨损初期,之后磨损极小,摩擦系数也趋于减小.     

水润滑轴承用聚合物复合材料的摩擦学研究进展

聚合物复合材料因其优异的自润滑、高化学稳定性和减振降噪等特性而备受关注。以水作为工作介质的水润滑轴承具有环境友好、维护成本低及结构设计简单等特点,已被广泛应用于船舶、水电和化工等领域。首先总结了水润滑轴承用聚合物复合材料特性,归纳了聚合物复合材料在水润滑条件下的摩擦学性能及磨损机制,介绍了提高聚合物复合材料摩擦学性能的常规方法,并进一步探讨了材料内部结构、摩擦界面微观结构与材料宏观摩擦学特性的内在关联。指出促进水润滑聚合物-金属配副摩擦界面原位生长固体润滑特性转移膜,可弥补水膜润滑能力不足、显著提高配副的摩擦学性能,深入研究水润滑状态下复合材料的微观摩擦磨损机制,对于理解水润滑配副的摩擦学机理有重要的意义。     

MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF NANO-SCALE LIQUID LUBRICATING FILMS──Ⅰ.Simulation results for the fluid with spherical molecule

固体表面间的润滑处于不同于体相液体的特殊状态，现以球型分子液体为模型对吵状态下润滑剂的性质进行了分子这模拟。结果表明，随着膜厚减薄，薄膜中液体等效粘度增加，固－液相变的临界压力减小，说明在给米级薄膜中润滑剂可能在很低的压力下发生相变，从百表现现固体或类固体的性态。     

中科院兰州化物所:类金刚石薄膜的润滑研究取得新进展

中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所固体润滑国家重点实验室空间润滑材料研究组在类金刚石(DLC)薄膜材料润滑应用方面取得了系列进展。研究发现,DLC薄膜材料具有优异的减摩和抗磨性能,但传统摩擦副用润滑剂并不适合DLC摩擦副,或者说,     

高温固体润滑涂层最新研究与进展

近年来,高温固体润滑涂层在许多领域得到了快速的发展,各种新型涂层材料及其制备工艺日益成为研究的热点.在综合大量最新文献资料的基础上,对高温固体润滑涂层中的材料体系(主要包括基体材料、润滑材料、耐磨材料)、涂层结构设计、涂层制备工艺取得的进展进行了综述,指出了值得关注的材料体系和制备工艺,提出了固体润滑涂层有待进一步研究的问题.     

多元碳基薄膜中自形成纳米多层结构的研究进展

碳基薄膜作为一种新型的固体润滑材料其结构设计与调控一直是研究的重点与热点。近年来,在利用物理气相沉积法制备金属-碳多元薄膜时发现原位自形成纳米多层结构的奇特现象,研究表明在薄膜中形成纳米多层结构,可以很好地从微观尺度上增强薄膜材料的机械与摩擦学性能,从而利用纳米多层结构的自形成特性使润滑材料实现强韧一体化及多环境适应性。主要综述了在碳基薄膜制备过程中,复合元素、制备技术和沉积参数3种主要的影响因素分别对自形成纳米多层结构薄膜的生长和微观结构的影响规律,探讨了薄膜中纳米多层结构的自形成机制,展望了碳基薄膜自形成纳米多层结构的发展前景。     

固体润滑剂对磁流变液摩擦性能的影响

从磁流变液的配方设计入手,采用四球摩擦磨损实验机研究了不同类型的固体润滑剂对磁流变液摩擦性能的影响,并考察了固体润滑剂在不同触变剂体系和不同基础油体系磁流变液中的配伍性,记录了摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线。结果表明,无机层状结构类固体润滑剂和高分子化合物类固体润滑剂的加入均能有效地改善磁流变液的润滑性能,其中MoS2在无机层状结构类固体润滑剂中的润滑效果最佳,氮化硼的润滑效果最差。固体润滑剂在以SiO2为触变剂的磁流变液体系中的减摩效果优于以高岭土为触变剂的磁流变液体系。与硅油磁流变液体系相比,在矿物油磁流变液体系中聚四氟乙烯和氮化硼能能起到明显的润滑效果,MoS2和石墨的润滑效果变弱。     

固体润滑剂对磁流变液摩擦性能的影响

从磁流变液的配方设计入手,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机研究了不同类型的固体润滑剂对磁流变液摩擦性能的影响,并考察了固体润滑剂在不同触变剂体系和不同基础油体系磁流变液中的配伍性,记录了摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线。结果表明,无机层状结构类固体润滑剂和高分子化合物类固体润滑剂的加入均能有效地改善磁流变液的润滑性能,其中二硫化钼在无机层状结构类固体润滑剂中的润滑效果最佳,氮化硼的润滑效果最差。固体润滑剂在以二氧化硅为触变剂的磁流变液体系中的减摩效果优于以高岭土为触变剂的磁流变液体系。与硅油磁流变液体系相比,在矿物油磁流变液体系中聚四氟乙烯和氮化硼能能起到明显的润滑效果,二硫化钼和石墨的润滑效果变弱。     

空间固体润滑材料的研究现状

固体润滑材料以其蒸发率低、耐高低温、抗辐照、耐腐蚀等优点在工作于空间苛刻环境中的器械上得到了广泛的应用。综述了目前常用的层状结构物、软金属、聚合物、无机化合物和复合材料5类固体润滑材料的摩擦学特性、制备工艺和应用情况,指出了我国在空间固体润滑材料研究领域与国外先进水平的主要差距和今后的研究方向。     

Tribological process induced conformational transformation of protein may change the friction of cartilage

In-vitro testing procedures have been successfully developed to investigate the effects of tribological process induced transformation of protein-based lubricant on the friction change of articular cartilages. Serum and albumin solutions were the biological lubricants used in this study. The results indicated that the lubricating ability for cartilages deteriorates after the biological lubricants were articulated between polyethylene and stainless steel materials. In addition, the secondary structure change of the albumin molecule has been characterized after the molecules were articulated by the artificial joint materials. We have provided evidence that the conformational change of protein lubricants leads to the friction increase of articular cartilage.     

润滑材料的研究现状及发展趋势

现代工业发展对润滑形式要求多样化,拓展了润滑材料的类型。传统意义上的润滑油、润滑脂已经不能满足现代工业发展对润滑方式多样性的要求,很多新的产品类型被开发出来用于不同的特种润滑方式。本文对一些新型的润滑材料,比如自修复润滑材料、纳米润滑材料、可生物降解润滑材料、特殊工况润滑材料等进行了较为详细的综述。     

Solid lubricants for applications at elevated temperatures

Relative motion between mating surfaces at elevated temperatures often causes substantial material degradation due to friction and wear. Conventionally, solid lubricants have been used to reduce wear damage and friction drag under extreme conditions where liquid lubricants do not function properly. The recent trend towards higher operating temperatures in advanced power generating systems, i.e. turbomachinery, gas turbines, and hot adiabatic diesel engines, has imposed severe limitations on the currently available solid lubricants. The unusually aggressive conditions in these systems phased out most conventional solid lubricants and gave impetus to the search for more efficient materials. This paper discusses the lubricating characteristics of four different groups of materials known to provide lubricity under elevated temperature conditions. These groups are polymers, laminar solids, metal fluorides and metal oxides. Polymer lubricants are efficient lubricants within the range from room temperature to about 300 °C. Laminar solids extend that range to about 450 °C. Graphite, also a laminar solid, is an exception since it can offer excellent lubricity beyond 450 °C in the form of gaseous oxidation products. Stable fluorides and metal oxides are useful lubricants between 500 and 1000 °C, though their performance is rather poor at lower temperatures.     

纳米WS_2粉末在发动机模拟台架中的实验研究

采用多能场复合作用下的湿式粉碎法制备出纳米WS2粉末,并加入到发动机润滑油中制备成纳米WS2润滑剂.在自行研制的发动机模拟实验台架上考察了该润滑剂在发动机上的实际应用效果,分析了纳米WS2粉末对发动机润滑油摩擦学性能的影响,研究了其在减少发动机内部磨损和降低发动机油耗方面的效果,最后对比分析了全配方纳米WS2汽机油与2种国外品牌汽机油的性能.结果表明,纳米WS2粉末可以显著延长发动机润滑油的使用寿命和换油周期,并能使发动机活塞环的磨损量减少27.6%,发动机油耗降低13%～28%;同时,全配方纳米WS2汽机油在摩擦学性能、减少活塞环磨损以及降低发动机油耗方面均优于国外品牌汽机油.     

相变可控的复合导电自润滑材料的加热特性

研制了相变可控的复合导电和自润滑材料，它是以低密度聚乙烯－炭黑为导电基材，加入固体润滑剂聚四氟乙烯、石墨和Ekonal（聚苯酯的商品名）构成。固体润滑剂的加入降低了材料的电阻率，以加入Ekonal降低幅度最大。该材料具有反复多次的加热性能，加热电压升高，升温速率加快，经历一个升温速率变化较小的平台期之后，升温速率又加快。台架实验表明，相变可控的复合导电自润滑材料可有效地减少表面的咬合。     

摩擦学机敏材料中的相变控制润滑剂

探讨了摩擦学机敏材料的核心部件聚乙烯基复合导电自润滑材料的制备工艺与电性能，不同方法制得的复合材料的电阻率与导电组分炭黑含量的关系亦表现出很大的差别。与干法相比，湿法电阻率较低，而过渡区组分范围更宽。据此，确定出用作复合导电润滑材料的炭黑含量宜大于３５％（质量，不同），但经实验得出可以自加热发生熔融相变的合适的炭黑含 量为４０％，加入润滑剂后构成复合导电自润滑材料，通电加热，显示出快速、易控、热性     

Study on biotribological properties of UHMWPE grafted with MPDSAH

In order to prolong the service life of artificial joints, a zwitterion monomer of MPDSAH ((3-(methacryloylamino)propyl)dimethyl (3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide) was grafted onto ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) powders to construct a brush-like structure by UV irradiation, and then the grafted UHMWPE powders were hot pressed as the bulk materials. The wettability of bulk materials surface with different monomer concentrations was analyzed. The tribological properties of modified UHMWPE bulk materials were investigated under distilled water and saline by sliding against stainless steel ball. The measurement of Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicates that MPDSAH is successfully grafted onto the surface of UHMWPE powders by UV irradiation. The contact angles of modified UHMWPE are decreased and the surface wettability is effectively improved. The friction coefficient of the modified sample is lower than that of untreated UHMWPE in aqueous lubricants during a long-term friction. With the increase of monomer concentration, the wear rate of grafted UHMWPE decreases gradually in distilled water. The grafting hydrophilic macromolecule polymer is helpful to form a lubricating film of water, which leads to the improvement of the lubricity of UHMWPE.     

摩擦学机敏材料中的相变控制润滑剂

探讨了摩擦学机敏材料的核心部件聚乙烯基复合导电自润滑材料的制备工艺与电性能，不同方法制得的复合材料的电阻率与导电组分炭黑含量的关系亦表现出很大的差别，与干法相比，湿法电阻率较低，过滤区组分范围更宽。据此，确定出用作复合导电自润滑材料的炭黑含量宜大于３５％。但经实验得出可以自加热发生熔融相变的合适的炭黑含量为４０％，加入润滑剂后的成复合导电自润滑材料。     

A review of recent developments of friction modifiers for liquid lubricants (2007–present)

Due to the increasing demand of low emission and fuel economy, friction modifiers have been widely used in lubricating compositions to adjust friction and wear properties of lubricants. Recent achievements in the application of friction modifiers for liquid lubricants (2007–present) are reviewed in this paper. There are three types of friction modifiers for liquid lubricants: organomolybdenum compounds, organic friction modifiers, as well as nanoparticles. The tribological properties and lubrication mechanisms of these friction modifiers are discussed. The problems and some suggestions for the future directions of research on friction modifiers are proposed.     

FTIR determination of fluorocarbon lubricant film thickness on magnetic disk media

Fluorocarbon lubricants have been used extensively for Winchester-type media to minimize head disk interfacial wear and friction. The film thickness of these lubricants must be carefully controlled. This paper describes a non-destructive and cost-effective technique of measuring the average, relative thickness of lubricating films on rigid magnetic disks by using FTIR spectroscopy. Lubricant film thickness data obtained by FTIR correlated very well with those obtained by ESCA spectroscopy. The effect of surface roughness on lubricant retention during the lubrication process is also demonstrated.