利用弦长参数插值拟合光滑闭合B样条曲线构造方法

文章针对非均匀采样点拟合光滑B样条曲线构造问题,提出一种基于已知控制点和相邻控制点之间弦长求解控制点方程组系数矩阵来构造光滑B样条曲线的方法。该方法通过控制顶点所在曲线的光顺性提高最终生成曲线的连续性和光滑性。在此基础上,设计了闭合B样条曲线控制点的快速求解算法。首先利用所有控制顶点和相邻点间弦长建立求解系数的参数矩阵,再提出一种基于LU矩阵分解的优化算法。根据方程组系数矩阵的特点,参照追赶法的LU分解,构造了分解后的L、U矩阵结构。最后通过实例说明,采用文中方法所构造的B样条曲线具有较好的光滑性,也证明了该算法的可靠性和有效性。     

利用控制顶点插值的光滑B样条曲线构造方法

针对非均匀采样点拟合时的光滑B样条曲线构造问题,提出一种基于已知控制顶点和节点向量求解未知控制顶点来构造光滑B样条曲线的方法.首先对所有控制顶点进行基函数极值参数化,再将已知控制顶点作为型值点进行光滑样条曲线插值,并在此曲线上通过利用参数化结果求值得到未知控制顶点.该方法通过控制顶点所在曲线的光顺性提高最终生成曲线的连...     

任意个控制点的三次B样条曲线绘制系统设计

三次B样条曲线在实际工程中得到了广泛应用,在目前的文献中还未查到任意个控制点的三次B样条曲线绘制系统。为了使B样条曲线得到更广泛应用和方便《计算机辅助几何设计》课程关于B样条曲线的可视化教学,本文用MatlabGUI编程设计三次B样条曲线绘制系统。此系统界面简洁,使用方便。可用鼠标在屏幕坐标系上点击输入任意个控制点,也可用文件方式输入任意个控制点。用矩阵描述B样条曲线方程,实现快速计算并绘制出光滑的三次B样条曲线。     

运用逆向工程方法与OpenGL创建三维曲面

目前大多数应用逆向工程创建三维曲面的方法能够取得较令人满意的结果,但却过多依赖标准化软件.文中改进了基于垂距依此递推的自由曲面自适应数据采样算法,给出了应用该算法对复杂曲面进行重建的方法.自由曲面自适应数据采样时,先运用逆向工程测量方法,得到曲面的截面数据点值,然后用非均匀三次样条插值曲线拟合出截面轮廓曲线;自适应采样后,由曲线数据点重新利用最小二乘法计算型值控制点.对这些型值控制点进行网格化处理后由U、V两方向利用Opengl中Nurbs曲面生成方法构造出三维曲面.结果表明运用该方法曲面更改更灵活、曲面连接光滑.     

任意控制点的三维三次B样条曲线绘制系统

为了使B样条曲线得到更广泛应用和方便《计算机辅助几何设计》课程关于B样条曲线的可视化教学。用Matlab GUI编程设计了＂三维空间的三次B样条曲线绘制系统＂。此系统界面简洁,使用方便。可用键盘输入任意个控制点,也可用文件方式输入任意个控制点;用矩阵描述三维空间的三次B样条曲线方程,实现了快速计算并绘制出光滑的三次B样条曲线。     

四元数样条插值的人体运动数据重构

为了得到平滑的人体动画,提出一种基于四元数的样条插值算法,利用提取的关键帧实现人体运动序列的有效重构。为减少重构误差、加快收敛速度,将已知关键帧集合作为初始条件,通过迭代算法求出样条曲线的控制点集合。利用样条曲线控制点计算贝塞尔曲线控制点,构造贝塞尔样条曲线段,将各段贝塞尔样条曲线段组合,构造一条基于四元数的样条曲线。根据德卡斯特里奥（de Casteljau）算法插值重构人体运动。实验结果表明,该算法在保证执行效率的同时,可得到光滑的插值结果,实现满足视觉要求的人体运动重构。     

多笔画构造单一曲线的算法设计

提出一种改进基于手绘的界面的算法。该算法通过分析多重笔画,并用单一笔画取代多重笔画,以求合理地解释设计者的创作意图。递归地细分空间,直到只剩一个笔画或者用主成分分析方法处理后实现合适的顺序;被细分的空间被重新连接,同时产生一个巨大的点的列表;因为曲线非常嘈杂,该算法利用反向细分求控制点来拟合出一条光滑的B样条曲线。     

基于给定精度的空间B样条曲线弧长分段点求取方法

对B样条等参数曲线按弧长精确分段,是沿曲线路径加工、检测中的一个重要问题。通过对B样条曲线弧长计算方法以及弧长计算误差与分段精度的关系进行分析,通过建立弧长分段点搜索区间及弧长二分法确定符合精度要求的弧长分段点。实验证明该方法是解决参数曲线弧长精确分段的有效方法。     

基于嵌入式系统的机器人关节空间轨迹规划

针对工业机器人运行过程经常出现的因速度或加速度不连续从而导致抖动等问题,提出了一种基于B样条曲线的轨迹规划算法,该算法使用三次B样条曲线来对六自由度机器人的关节空间进行插值,并根据实时性的要求运用一种控制点衔接插补算法进行分段插补,最终应用于基于ARM9的嵌入式系统中。实验证明:该算法不仅计算量小、处理时间短,而且能保证速度曲线的连续平滑,减少了机械抖动。     

基于SOM网络的三次B样条曲线重建

使用散乱点集重建曲线曲面,在逆向工程和计算机视觉中有着广泛的应用。提出基于SOM网络的三次B样条曲线重建算法。给定某一曲线散乱点集和一初始神经网络,优化SOM网络中神经元位置,使网络逼近散乱点和映射散乱点空间特征。用特征点反求三次B样条曲线控制点,利用控制点重建三次B样条曲线。试验结果表明,算法取得的曲线重建效果良好。     

Robust decentralized fast-output sampling technique based power system stabilizer for a multi-machine power system

Power-system stabilizers (PSSs) are added to excitation systems to enhance the damping during low-frequency oscillations. In this paper, the design of robust decentralized PSS for four machines with a 10-bus system using fast-output sampling feedback is proposed. The nonlinear model of a multimachine system is linearized at different operating points, and 16 linear state space models are obtained. For all of these plants, a common stabilizing state feedback gain, F, is obtained. A robust decentralized fast-output sampling feedback gain which realizes this state feedback gain is obtained using LMI approach. This method does not require all the states of the system for feedback and is easily implementable. This robust decentralized fast-output sampling control is applied to a nonlinear plant model of several machines at different operating (equilibrium) points. This method yields encouraging results for the design of power-system stabilizers.     

基于模板和GVF蛇形步态轮廓提取*

提出了一种基于模板和改进的gradient vector flow(GVF)分割方法。该方法先手工建立初始化模板,利用初始化模板和分割对象的周期性线性匹配,并基于Chamfer距离寻找最佳匹配模板;把该最优模板轮廓作为改进GVF的初始轮廓,再使用改进的GVF算法分割出对象。该算法仅需建立一次初始化模板,以后具有通用性,而且对于阴影和背景影响有较好的分割效果。对加利福尼亚大学步态数据库研究显示了该方法的有效性。     

Shape optimisation of continuum structures via evolution strategies and fixed grid finite element analysis

Evolution strategies (ES) are very robust and general techniques for finding global optima in optimisation problems. As with all evolutionary algorithms, ES apply evolutionary operators and select the most fit from a set of possible solutions. Unlike genetic algorithms, ES do not use binary coding of individuals, working instead with real variables. Many recent studies have applied evolutionary algorithms to structural problems, particularly the optimisation of trusses. This paper focuses on shape optimisation of continuum structures via ES. Stress analysis is accomplished by using the fixed grid finite element method, which reduces the computing time while keeping track of the boundary representation of the structure. This boundary is represented by b-spline functions, circles, and polylines, whose control points constitute the parameters that govern the shape of the structure. Evolutionary operations are applied to each set of variables until a global optimum is reached. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the method. Finally, structures with multiple load cases are considered along with examples illustrating the results obtained.     

山地地表覆被野外采样系统研究及应用

野外样点数据是土地覆被遥感制图中训练样本和精度检验样本的重要来源.在山区地表覆被野外样点采集过程中,受采样距离以及河流、地形等的阻挡,大量样点难以直接到达,影响了山地地表覆被野外样点的代表性.为了获取高质量的山区地表覆被野外样点,研发一款高精度、远距离、不接触、自动化采样的山地地表覆被信息野外采样系统显得十分必要.以移动式客户端为工作平台,基于Android操作系统和ArcGISAPIforAndroid设计了一套山地地表覆被野外采样系统.该系统提供了单点和双点交会采样两种模式,用户可以根据地表覆被距离选择不同模式自动化获取采样地物的地理坐标、地表覆被类型信息、图像信息和用户定制的其他属性信息.经野外实地验证,该系统可以获取肉眼可辨的不同距离的山地地表覆被样点,提高了地表覆被野外采样效率.获取的可见远距离地表覆被目标的坐标距离误差在３０m以内,满足３０m尺度土地覆被产品生产对样点定位精度的要求.     

Sampling Minimal Subsets with Large Spans for Robust Estimation

When sampling minimal subsets for robust parameter estimation, it is commonly known that obtaining an all-inlier minimal subset is not sufficient; the points therein should also have a large spatial extent. This paper investigates a theoretical basis behind this principle, based on a little known result which expresses the least squares regression as a weighted linear combination of all possible minimal subset estimates. It turns out that the weight of a minimal subset estimate is directly related to the span of the associated points. We then derive an analogous result for total least squares which, unlike ordinary least squares, corrects for errors in both dependent and independent variables. We establish the relevance of our result to computer vision by relating total least squares to geometric estimation techniques. As practical contributions, we elaborate why naive distance-based sampling fails as a strategy to maximise the span of all-inlier minimal subsets produced. In addition we propose a novel method which, unlike previous methods, can consciously target all-inlier minimal subsets with large spans.     

一种新的利用人眼视觉特性去噪方法的研究

提出一种新的利用人眼视觉特性去噪方法,该方法充分考虑利用人眼视觉特性确定噪声点,根据窗口内噪声点个数自适应选择合适的滤波窗口大小,采用B样条函数和中值滤波方法对噪声点进行逐点滤除。论文最后给出模拟实验和分析,结果表明该方法是有效的,既能有效地去除图像噪声点,又能较好地保持图像细节部分,为去除图像中的噪声提供了一种新的方法。     

基于线性插值的电网频率测量方法

针对常用的硬件测频法和软件测频法分别存在硬件设计复杂、软件测量误差较大的问题,提出了一种基于线性插值的电网频率测量方法。该方法首先找出半波内与第一个过零点最近的2个采样点,利用线性插值算出该过零点与后一个采样点之间的时间T1;其次找出半波内与下一个过零点最近的2个采样点,利用线性插值算出该过零点与前一个采样点之间的时间T3;再次计算半波内第一个和最后一个采样点之间的时间T2;最后将T1、T2、T3相加,即可算出电网频率f。测试结果表明,该方法测量误差为±0.05Hz,且计算过程简单。     

On exponential stability of linear networked control systems

This paper addresses exponential stability of linear networked control systems. More specifically, the paper considers a continuous‐time linear plant in feedback with a linear sampled‐data controller with an unknown time varying sampling rate, the possibility of data packet dropout, and an uncertain time varying delay. The main contribution of this paper is the derivation of new sufficient stability conditions for linear networked control systems taking into account all of these factors. The stability conditions are based on a modified Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. The stability results are also applied to the case where limited information on the delay bounds is available. The case of linear sampled‐data systems is studied as a corollary of the networked control case. Furthermore, the paper also formulates the problem of finding a lower bound on the maximum network‐induced delay that preserves exponential stability as a convex optimization program in terms of linear matrix inequalities. This problem can be solved efficiently from both practical and theoretical points of view. Finally, as a comparison, we show that the stability conditions proposed in this paper compare favorably with the ones available in the open literature for different benchmark problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.