不同乳腺肿瘤组织的拉曼光谱与光致发光谱

用显微共焦拉曼光谱仪采集了乳腺肿瘤组织的拉曼光谱。结果表明,所采集到的是拉曼光谱和光致发光光谱的叠加。不同性质的乳腺肿瘤的拉曼光谱有差异,这些拉曼光谱和光致发光谱的差异对于乳腺肿瘤的癌变研究从分子水平提供了有价值的信息,对应用光谱技术诊断乳腺肿瘤疾病有重要意义。     

重型α地中海贫血红细胞的拉曼光谱

采用光镊拉曼光谱(LTRS)方法收集一例重型α地中海贫血患者单个红细胞的拉曼光谱,分析同一群体内不同细胞间的光谱差异,从中了解地中海贫血红细胞的病理过程.结果发现,重型α地中海贫血患者红细胞的拉曼光谱信号显著低于正常对照,并检测到一定比例的有核红细胞;正常对照的红细胞拉曼光谱均一,而重型α地中海贫血患者的细胞形态和拉曼光谱均显示出多样性;中等大小、形态接近正常的一类红细胞,其细胞问光谱差异最大;单细胞拉曼光谱可观察到部分外表形态正常的红细胞,其血红蛋白可能发生了血红素凝集和蛋白质变性.     

消化系统肿瘤的拉曼光谱研究

综述了近几年拉曼光谱技术在胃癌、食管癌、肠癌等消化系统肿瘤诊断中的研究现状,并展望了拉曼光谱技术在肿瘤诊断领域中的研究前景。     

恶性肿瘤的激光拉曼光谱研究

拉曼光谱是一种基于非弹性散射的散射光谱,反映了物质分子组成和结构方面的信息.近年来,许多学者对不同肿瘤发生发展中拉曼光谱的变化作了许多探索性的研究.本文综述了拉曼光谱原理及其在恶性肿瘤患者的组织实体、组织切片、血清和单细胞等方面的研究进展,显示拉曼光谱在肿瘤诊断中的潜在临床应用价值.     

乳腺疾病患者血清的紫外吸收谱分析

测量了不同乳腺疾病患者血清的紫外吸收谱。人血清的紫外吸收谱约在230nm附近有一极强的吸收峰,在279nm有一较强的吸收峰,该吸收峰为蛋白质芳香族氨基酸的特征,在253nm有吸收谷。分析表明,不同乳腺疾病患者血清的紫外吸收谱有差异。血清紫外吸收谱的279nm吸收峰位及1279／1253的差异,反映了样品中芳香族氨基酸的成分及含量的差异;有无414nm吸收峰的差异主要反映了样品是否有溶血发生。这些光谱差异对于乳腺疾病光谱诊断的研究具有参考价值,为应用光谱技术进行血清检测,诊断疾病寻求简便的方法和途径。     

金颗粒为活性基底的裸鼠血清表面增强拉曼散射光谱分析

对肿瘤裸鼠血清进行显微共聚焦拉曼光谱测量,并将血清的普通拉曼光谱与以金纳米颗粒为基底的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱进行对比,结果表明金纳米粒子作为活性基底对裸鼠血清具有显著的拉曼增强作用,在很多常规拉曼光谱中未能检测出的信息在SERS光谱中得以体现。这源于血清中的物质与金纳米颗粒之间的化学吸附和相互作用,使得微量样品也能够通过SERS光谱来反映出血清中各种蛋白质、脂类、糖类、核酸以及其他成分的分子结构等信息。血清中各种成分的信息可以反映体内各种细胞和组织的生理代谢及病理变化,血清的SERS光谱将为疾病的诊断和治疗提供一种有效手段。     

拉曼光谱在肿瘤诊断中的应用研究进展

拉曼光谱技术因其高灵敏、非标记以及指纹分子识别等优势，成为近年来肿瘤精准诊断领域重点关注的技术之一。该技术可借助于表型检测实现病理学诊断，从而为肿瘤发病机制研究及肿瘤患者治疗手段的选择提供有力参考。针对当前拉曼光谱在肿瘤检测中的应用进行综述，并预测其未来的发展趋势。     

肿瘤拉曼光谱检测的影响因素分析

利用激光显微拉曼光谱仪对40例肿瘤患者样品进行检测,分析和探讨了激发光源、组织样品离体时间、样品形态、切片厚度、样品保存条件等因素对样品拉曼光谱的影响,对肿瘤的早期诊断具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。     

自然环境下拉曼光谱遥测技术及其应用进展

拉曼光谱遥测技术主要用于在安全距离之下对一些危险品、违禁品、变质食品等进行现场快速检测。早期拉曼光谱遥测技术大多采用可见光或近红外激光拉曼光谱技术,为了避免环境光影响,常在实验室或夜间进行。近年来,因日盲紫外激光的拉曼光谱检测具有共振效应强、不受环境光干扰、人眼相对安全等诸多特性逐渐开始被广泛应用。本文在分析自然环境下远程拉曼光谱遥测技术基础原理上,归纳了国内外可见光或近红外激光拉曼光谱遥测技术和国内外紫外激光拉曼光谱遥测技术的研究进展和现状,分析了远程紫外激光拉曼光谱应用在反恐、禁毒和食品安全等领域的优势,最后总结了自然环境下拉曼光谱遥测技术的研究难点和发展趋势。     

基于深度学习的舌鳞癌拉曼光谱分割方法

拉曼光谱能够反映生物组织的分子结构变化，可用于舌鳞癌组织检测。然而，现有方法仅能够鉴别舌鳞癌组织属性，判断组织是否发生癌变，无法定位舌鳞癌组织拉曼光谱的重要谱带区域。因此，提出一种基于深度学习的舌鳞癌组织拉曼光谱重要谱带区域分割方法。首先，利用光纤拉曼光谱采集设备采集22位病人44块肿瘤组织的拉曼光谱数据，对数据进行预处理、标注，并分为训练集和测试集；然后，建立谱带区域深度卷积神经网络模型，该模型包括三个基本模块，即拉曼光谱特征提取网络、重要谱带推荐网络以及重要谱带回归网络。其中拉曼光谱特征提取网络用于提取舌鳞癌组织光谱特征，重要谱带推荐网络和重要谱带回归网络用于分割舌鳞癌组织光谱的重要谱带区域。实验结果显示，在交并比为0.7的判断标准下，所提方法对舌鳞癌组织重要谱带分割的平均精度为99%。     

脑部肿瘤的自体荧光和体内卟啉的滞留

疗脑部肿瘤。在这方面的工作有Diamond等,他们证明了人体胶质细胞瘤在试管内培养或植入小鼠皮下,在注入血卟啉衍生物后都具有光敏杀伤作用。以后R.Hayward证明在试管内人的神经胶质瘤对血卟啉衍生物具有光敏反应而正常的脑组织却不吸收HpD。以后R.Bennett等为了进一步研究HpD对脑瘤的治疗作用,用小白鼠做试验,按40mg/kg剂量注入HpD,然后用红光(630nm,8～20mw/cm~2)照     

激光在线测厚振动分析与精度优化

激光测厚具有安全可靠、测量精度高、测量范围大等优点,广泛应用于纸张、电池极片等薄膜类材料厚度的在线测量。带材宽幅方向扫描测厚时由于扫描架往复运动会产生机械振动,影响在线测厚精度。针对该问题,以锂离子电池极片厚度测量为例,使用双激光差动式测厚平台对电池极片和铜箔分别进行厚度测量,然后对测厚数据进行频谱分析,探究其振动规律的相似性,并基于频谱分析结果采用滑动带阻滤波方式对测厚数据进行处理,滤波后极片和铜箔的厚度极差分别降低了33.4%和73.8%,有效过滤了机械振动导致的测量误差,可满足极片和铜箔厚度测量的精度要求。     

人和兔血液中不同组份吸收光谱的研究

对人和兔血液不同组分吸收光谱的研究表明：两者有许多共同之处，各组份在紫外部分吸收率最高，在红外部分吸收率最低仅在吸收峰位置稍有不同。这为激光照射血液的基础研究采用兔作研究对象，以及选择最佳波长提供了科学依据。     

复合光路光学镀膜宽光谱膜厚监控系统

介绍一种复合光路宽光谱膜厚监控系统及其软硬件开发,对系统结构组成和工作原理进行说明。通过增加中间通光孔式的分光镜的复合光路,基于LabVIEW平台开发宽光谱膜厚监控软件,实现了基于宽光谱扫描法的宽光谱膜厚监控和基于极值法的光学膜厚监控的兼容并用,提高了光学镀膜膜厚监控的精确性和自动化,为传统光学镀膜设备的升级改造提出了一种可行性技术。     

Several peculiarities of hexokinase of malignant and benign tumors in man

The total activity and isoenzyme spectrum of hexokinase (HK) were investigated in normal tissues as well as malignant and benign tumours of man. Electrophoresis in agar gel has revealed that the normal tissues are usually characterized by HK-I. In malignant tumours HK-II and additional anode fractions of KH-II and HK-III were observed. The HK isoenzyme spectrum in the benign tumours was similar to those of homologous normal tissues. The values of the HK-II/HK-I ratio were higher in the malignant tumours as compared with the benign tumours and normal tissues. These results may be used for diagnosis. Changes in the isoenzyme spectrum do not depend on histological structure of tumours, are secondary and depend on tumour progression.     

Gain Flattened Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Using Simple Equalizing Film

A simple scheme using a piece of SiO₂ with an equalizing film platted on one side to get flattened gain spectrum of EDFA is studied in this paper. The film works as an inter-stage wavelength-selective filter, it is optimized to place at the middle of the EDF to suppress the ASE light generated by the first piece of EDF and pre-emphasize the signals before they enter the second EDF at the same time. The simulating results of 8 WDM signals show pretty good performance of gain flatness and noise figure as well. It is a facile equalization scheme for wide-band WDM systems.     

Fuzzy classification of patient state with application toelectrodiagnosis of peripheral polyneuropathy

A methodology which accounts for uncertainty or imprecision in experimental observations and both norm and pathology definitions is developed on the basis of a distance measure between fuzzy numbers. These fuzzy numbers may represent, respectively, the measurements, norm, and pathology. The distance measure, called normalized fuzzy pathology index (NFPI), evaluates the difference of distance between observed experimental values for a given patient and norm on the one hand, and pathology on the other hand. The NFPI characterizes patient state as a continuous index; however, to conform to medical usage, categories of values are defined. Each of these categories corresponds to a linguistic variable. The case study used to illustrate the methodology is the electrodiagnosis of peripheral polyneuropathy in diabetic patients. Here, four initial linguistic categories are defined by a physician, namely: normal state, borderline state, clear-cut, and severe pathology. The NFPI is calculated in three cases that provide a sensitivity analysis on measurement fuzziness and distance function weighting. The model is calibrated using 203 cases and validated using 291 different cases. The results correspond very closely to the physician's diagnosis. The loss of information in discretizing the continuous state of patients is discussed. Transferring this fuzzy approach to other cases where the concept of distance is relevant offers no difficulty     

Measuring emission cross-section profile of erbium-doped fibre withlow input power

A simple and elegant method is proposed to measure the emission cross-section profile of erbium-doped fibre by using a short piece of erbium-doped fibre with input pump or signal power less than 1 mW. Relative error is within 1% over the whole spectrum. The theoretical and experimental results are discussed     

Near-field scattering by physical theory of diffraction andshooting and bouncing rays

This paper proposes a method to compute the near-field RCS and Doppler spectrum of a target when the distances to the antennas are comparable to the target size. By dealing with a small piece of the target surface at a time, the transmitting antenna, and the receiving antenna are in the far-field zone of the small piece of the induced currents. The electromagnetic field produced by this small piece of induced currents can be written as a spherical wave. Sum up all spherical waves produced by every small piece of induced currents and we can obtain the total scattered field at the receiving antenna. The physical theory of diffraction (PTD) and the method of shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) are modified to evaluate the received signals. Numerical results based on these techniques are obtained and discussed. The formulation applies the simple concepts of “equivalent” image and vector effective height, which are believed to be novel     

The action of amino acid di[2-haloethyl]hydrazides on DNA synthesis in normal and tumor cells and on the cell cycle kinetics in mice with melanoma B-16

A comparative study was carried out with two alkylating agents IMB-MM and IMB-97 which are di-(2-halogenoethyl) hydrazides of amino acid derivatives. They have been found to exert a high activity towards wide spectrum of experimental tumours. Both agents caused inhibition of incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA of melanoma B16, marrow, intestinal mucosa, spleen and liver cells of mice with tumours. A maximal inhibition of DNA synthesis in all tissues was observed 24 h after the single doses of drugs. However 96 h later this effect was removed excluding the tumour cells. The cytofluorimetric study have shown that IMB-MM, like sarcolysine, caused an accumulation of tumour cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle, while IMB-97 increased accumulation of S-phase cells. The difference in phase sensitivity of tumour cells towards IMB-MM and IMB-97 is due to the differences in aminoacid carriers of di-(2-halogenethyl) hydrazide groups.