聚合离子液体的研究进展

随着对离子液体研究的深入,离子液聚合物IF成为新的研究热点.简单综述了近年来聚合离子液的合成方法,主要包括自由基引发聚合、辐射聚合以及与其他物质共聚等.其中,自由基引发聚合操作简便,易于监测,是目前制备聚合离子液体的常用方法.     

基于可聚合离子液体的功能高分子材料研究进展

阳离子或阴离子带不饱和键、可发生均聚或共聚反应的离子液体可用于合成高分子材料。本文综述了可聚合离子液体合成的智能响应性材料、高分子分散剂、导电高分子材料、吸液保液材料、气体吸收材料、高分子催化剂、新型碳材料、多孔材料、生物医用高分子材料、色谱分离材料、微波吸收材料的合成、性能及应用的研究进展, 提出可聚合离子液体的种类多、阴离子与阳离子的组合具有可设计性、离子液体具有特殊的电离属性, 可赋予主链含离子液体结构单元的高分子材料具有特殊的性能, 在诸多领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

正十二碳硫醇的合成

正十二碳硫醇主要用于丁苯橡胶、ABS树脂和丁腈橡胶的制备,对其聚合相对分子量进行调节。简单介绍了正十二碳硫醇的性质、用途及合成方法,以文献为基础,总结了以正十二醇、1-十二烯、1-卤代十二烷等为原料,分别与硫脲、硫化氢等含硫化合物反应合成正十二碳硫醇的方法,并对合成路线进行分析、比较,指出正十二醇为原料的合成路线中硫化氢催化取代法是一个较好的方法。对国内正十二碳硫醇合成研究提出了建议。     

聚合离子液体研究进展

综述了近年来有关聚合离子液体的合成、性质和应用研究进展,重点介绍了聚合离子液体结构与性能的关系。通过离子液体单体的可控聚合或对聚合物前体进行修饰等方法,能够获得具有特定结构的功能性聚合离子液体。聚合离子液体具有优良的离子导电性和良好的力学性能及加工性能,在电池材料、吸附分离、生物和催化等诸多领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

高分子表面活性剂(Ⅱ):合成方法(待续)

综述了高分子表面活性剂的合成方法。依据亲水部分的性质讨论和比较了两亲性共聚物最常用的合成策略,包括可控活性自由基聚合(如原子转移自由基聚合、可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合、氮氧化物调介聚合、基团转移聚合)、离子活性聚合(特别是阴离子聚合)以及传统的自由基聚合等方法。     

聚异丁烯类弹性体合成技术进展 Ⅳ.异丁烯正离子聚合可控性技术的演进与应用

评述了碳正离子聚合的特点及其可控性研究进展过程。引发体系形成的离子对的平衡状态及适当亲核性试剂或电子对供体的存在对稳定系统碳正离子、促进链引发和链增长、抑制链转移、提高聚合可控性起着关键性作用。     

全氟碳涂料树脂四元共聚物的研究

介绍合成全氟碳涂料树脂用单体 ;讨论了合成单体的最佳工艺条件 ,并探索了聚合工艺。     

离子液体自模板合成多孔碳氮材料及其对二氧化碳的吸附

以多种氰基离子液体为前驱体，采用高温碳化法直接制备多孔碳氮材料，系统考察了离子液体前驱体阳离子结构、阴离子种类及合成条件等因素对碳化材料比表面积、氮元素含量及氮种类的影响，并研究其对CO2的吸附性能。结果表明，阴离子在聚合过程中起模板剂的作用。合成材料主要呈介孔结构，比表面积最高达732.6 m2/g，氮含量最高为9.9wt%，在温度25℃、压力1.8 MPa条件下，CO2的吸附量最高达20.9wt%。多孔碳氮材料经180℃真空加热后可完全脱附再生，再生稳定性良好。     

烯烃聚合新型引发剂的研究——2,3—二苯基—2,3—二氰基丁二酸二乙醋的合成及其对苯乙烯聚合的引发作用

本文简略讨论了碳—碳键型的新型引发剂的合成方法及其特点,并对苯乙烯悬浮聚合的引发作用进行了初步研究。     

功能性双取代乙炔单体的合成

我们设计合成了一系列带有反应活性基团(活性酯、碳碳三键、碘代芳基、碘代烷基)的双取代乙炔单体。带有反应活性基团的双取代乙炔单体聚合后可通过后修饰方法合成不同的功能性聚炔衍生物,从而避免了用直接聚合法制备双取代功能化聚炔时催化剂中毒等难题。     

阳离子光引发剂研究进展

阳离子型光引发剂是一类新型的紫外光固化材料的引发剂。本文介绍了阳离子光引发剂的主要种类及各自的特点 ,讨论了其光引发机理 ,并简述了阳离子光引发剂的的发展概况和主要用途。     

活性可控聚合制备热塑性弹性体研究进展

从负离子聚合、正离子聚合、开环聚合、可控自由基聚合等聚合方法入手,总结了不同类型热塑性弹性体合成技术的研究进展,以及其他如超分子化学与聚合物合成相结合等热塑性弹性体研究的新领域和新方向。     

Anionic ring-opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane in emulsion above critical micelle concentration

Batch anionic ring-opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane in emulsion using nonionic and cationic emulsifiers was studied. The concentration of emulsifiers was set above their critical micelle concentration. Effects of emulsifier concentration, nonionic/cationic emulsifier ratio and cationic emulsifier/initiator (KOH) ratio on the kinetics, average particle size and distribution and on the average molecular weight and distribution were investigated and discussed. At the beginning of the polymerization, empty micelles, active micelles (polymer particles) and monomer droplets co-exist in emulsion. The transport of monomer from monomer droplets toward empty micelles was confirmed by monomer droplets and empty micelles disappearance and by formation of smaller particles. The transport of monomer from monomer droplets toward polymer particles was not confirmed, since the average polymer particle size did not increase during polymerization. It was proposed, that at lower conversions, monomer diffuses from polymer particle interior to particle surface, while at higher conversions, the monomer diffuses from larger to smaller polymer particles. Emulsifier concentration, nonionic/cationic emulsifier ratio and cationic emulsifier/KOH ratio have an evident effect on the kinetics and on the average molecular weight, thus demonstrating that cationic emulsifier participates to the initiation reaction.     

Water‐soluble/dispersible cationic pressure‐sensitive adhesives. II. Adhesives from emulsion polymerization

In our previous work, we reported that cationic water‐soluble pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs) could be synthesized in ethanol or methanol. These cationic water‐soluble adhesives would not cause a stickies problem during paper recycling and can be easily removed from the papermaking system by adsorbing on wood fibers. In this study we report the synthesis and application of water‐based cationic PSAs using miniemulsion polymerization. A redox initiator system of cumene hydroperoxide/tetraethylenepentamine was used to force interfacial polymerization. The end‐use properties of the PSAs were evaluated, and the repulpability of the PSAs in paper recycling was studied. It was found that the cationic PSA from miniemulsion polymerization itself was insoluble and nondispersible in water during the paper recycling process. However, if this water‐insoluble cationic PSA from miniemulsion was formulated with a water‐soluble cationic PSA made from ethanol, the solubility or dispensability of the former PSA in water was improved. The molecular weight and degree of crosslinking of the PSA polymer have significant effects on the properties and dispersability of PSA. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 347–353, 2004     

Dithioester functionalization of poly(cyclohexene oxide) and its application to obtain block copolymers

A new method of introducing dithioester groups into the polymer chain of poly(cyclohexene oxide) is reported. It includes the use of diaryliodonium salt and an aromatic dithioacid as a redox couple to initiate the cationic polymerization of cyclohexene oxide. It was found that the dithioacid by itself cannot start the polymerization of cationic polymerizable monomers; however, in combination with a diaryliodonium salt, an exothermic reaction was produced, yielding a thiocarbonylthio‐functionalized polyether. Thermal profiles of the redox polymerizations were determined by means of optical pyrometry. A preliminary study showed that when the poly(cyclohexene oxide) functionalized with dithioester groups was introduced into the radical polymerization of styrene, the polystyryl growing radicals reacted with the dithioester‐functionalized polyether to form a block polymer. The amount of polyether actually incorporated into the block copolymer was calculated to be 70% of the initial amount of poly(cyclohexene oxide)/dithiobenzoic acid charged into the reactor. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

光致阳离子聚合引发剂的进展

光致阳离子聚合体系具有聚合速度快、不受氧干扰以及对水不敏感等优点,为了适应光致阳离子聚合体系的发展,可进行光致阳离子聚合的单体和光致阳离子引发剂的研究越来越受到人们的重视,本文就其中的一方面光致阳离子引发剂的种类、制备以及引发机理进行了综述。     

1,4-二氧六环在IBVE/Cl_2/TiCl_4聚合体系中的作用机理

<正> 1 引言 控制高分子结构、合成和制备嵌段、序列共聚物是目前聚合物合成的重要课题.在各种方法中,活性聚合是简单、经济和较通用的方法.作者曾在低于-70℃的Cl_2/TiCl_4/IBVE(异丁基乙烯基醚)/CH_2Cl_2体系中实现了活性阳离子聚合,温度高于-70℃或用其它溶剂则不能得到活性聚合物.本实验目的是研究在IBVE/Cl_2/TiCl_4体系中加入给电子添加剂DOX(1,4-二氧六环),通过DOX与增长活性链之间的相互作用,使碳阳离子稳定,探索在较高温度下或其它溶剂中的活性聚合的可能性。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的聚合与应用研究进展

综述了近年来阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的聚合与应用研究进展,主要阐述了反相乳液聚合、双水相聚合、紫外光引发聚合以及模板聚合等聚合方法,介绍了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺在工业水处理、城市污废水处理、污泥脱水以及造纸工业中的应用,并对阳离子聚丙烯酰胺未来的发展趋势与研究方向进行了展望,为阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的进一步研究提供参考依据。     

Modeling the emulsion polymerization of amino-functionalized latex particles

A mathematical model for a semicontinuous seeded cationic emulsion polymerization was developed. The model includes the most distinctive features of the copolymerization of a cationic hydrophilic monomer with a hydrophobic one, including polymerization of the hydrophilic monomer in the outer shell of polymer particles and in the aqueous phase, and the possibility of having radical concentration profiles in the polymer particles.The reactions were carried out by means of a semicontinuous seeded cationic emulsion polymerization under starved conditions for styrene, which was the main monomer employed.The model predicts the evolution of the fractional overall conversions, the thickness of the outer shell, the total surface charge density and the partial conversions for the semicontinuous seeded cationic emulsion polymerization of styrene and aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride. Furthermore, the model can distinguish between the surface charge density provided by the cationic monomer than that given by the cationic initiator. Therefore, this model can predict the best conditions to obtain well-defined latexes with specific amounts of surface amino and amidine groups useful for immunoassays.     

Photochemically initiated free radical promoted living cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether

A new photoinitiating system for living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers such as isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) has been reported. The photoinitiating system comprises free radical photoinitiators such as 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone (DMPA), benzophenone or thioxanthone, together with an onium salt, such as diphenyliodonium chloride and zinc bromide. In the first step, photochemically generated free radicals are oxidized to the corresponding carbocations which subsequently react with vinyl ether monomer to yield an adduct. In the presence of zinc salt, this adduct initiates living cationic polymerization of IBVE.