翼缘变厚度槽钢的剪切中心及参数分析

翼缘变厚度槽钢截面剪切中心的位置与截面上剪应力的分布规律有内在联系,为了合理反映截面上剪应力的分布状况,本文基于材料力学的知识推导了翼缘变厚度槽钢的剪切中心计算公式,分析了翼缘变厚度槽钢截面的翼缘内侧倾斜坡度、翼缘总宽度、截面总高度对剪切中心的影响。得出的剪切中心位置与根据薄壁杆件理论按等厚度计算的剪切中心位置进行对比,研究结果表明:按薄壁杆件理论计算的结果与按材料力学计算结果比较接近,当翼缘内侧倾斜坡度a<1∶5时,可以考虑用等厚度截面代替变厚度截面进行计算。     

周边喷涂工字钢截面的防火涂料厚度分区计算

在CECS 200:2006防火涂料的厚度计算公式基础上,对工字钢上下翼缘与腹板进行分区,分别采用上下翼缘与腹板的截面系数,计算其防火涂料厚度.并以某钢梁为例,分别计算分区和不分区计算涂料厚度时钢梁各分区温度并进行比较.结果表明,采用分区计算防火涂料厚度,钢构件各部分截面温度呈较均匀分布,从而避免连接部位产生温度应力和腹板的率先破坏.     

三面受火条件下工字钢截面的温度场分区计算

为了较准确地评估火灾条件下三面受火工字钢截面的温度分布,采用非稳态的热传导计算理论对工字钢上下翼缘与腹板进行分区,分别计算了钢构件截面各部分的温度场,综合考虑表面热阻、背火面的热损失,较精确地分析出截面各部分温度场分布.计算结果表明:钢构件各部分截面温度呈极不均匀分布,受标准火60 min和120 min时,上翼缘比截面平均温度低约57%和64%;下翼缘比截面平均温度高约13%和20%;而腹板比截面平均温度高约88%.钢结构截面各部分温差较大将会引发较大的温度应力,更高的腹板温度可能引发腹板率先破坏,在确定构件保护层厚度时应予充分重视.     

次翘曲对角钢和T形截面剪切中心坐标的影响

对角钢和T形截面,剪切中心在两板件中面交线,主翘曲坐标为0,此时次翘曲就开始显得重要起来.但是次翘曲对于剪切中心的影响却未进行过探讨.本文研究角钢和T形截面的次翘曲对剪切中心位置的影响,得到了精确的剪切中心坐标的计算公式.算例表明,虽然次翘曲对剪切中心的位置有影响,但是剪切中心偏离中面交点这一传统剪切中心的距离很小.对于T形截面,翼缘较窄、腹板较高较厚时,才有可见的影响.按照精确的剪切中心计算翘曲惯性矩,在数学上小于、但是基本等于传统的翘曲惯性矩.     

变翼缘宽度简支组合梁刚度及承载力研究

为确定变翼缘宽度组合梁的受力性能,本文通过有限元软件ANsYS对简支组合梁的受力性能进行了详细的分析,将变翼缘宽度组合梁的荷载一挠度曲线与等截面宽度组合梁进行对比,分析了不同跨度时变翼缘宽度组合梁的刚度和承载力变化规律,提出了刚度和承载力的简化计算公式。计算结果表明:变翼缘宽度组合梁中铜梁的塑性区为跨度的2/3;变翼缘宽度组合梁的荷载-挠度曲线处在翼缘最大宽度和翼缘最小宽度等截面组合梁之间,与翼缘最大宽度组合梁更加接近;与相同用钢量的等截面组合梁相比,变翼缘宽度组合梁的刚度和承载力均有一定程度的提高。     

冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢组合工字梁极限承载力计算的有效宽度法

为了研究冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢组合工字梁的受弯性能,对三种截面形式共计9根卷边槽钢组合工字梁进行破坏性试验研究,建立有限元分析方法对试件进行模拟分析,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,验证了有限元方法的正确性。接着采用有限元方法对冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢组合工字梁进行大量参数分析,钢种和受压翼缘宽厚比对受压翼缘有效宽厚比的影响较大,梁的长度、腹板高厚比与板件厚度对梁受压翼缘有效宽厚比的影响小。最后在对典型截面梁构件进行参数分析的基础上,得出卷边槽钢组合工字梁受压翼缘板件的有效宽厚比计算表格与计算公式,提出计算冷弯薄壁型钢梁极限承载力的有效宽度法,并通过试验验证了有效宽度法计算梁极限承载力的正确性和适用性。     

波形腹板工字形梁截面翘曲惯性矩的推导

梁截面的翘曲惯性矩是梁平面外弯扭失稳和扭转变形分析的重要几何参数。对于梯形和正弦形波形腹板工字形截面梁,已有文献对其截面的翘曲惯性矩进行了推导,但由于推导过程中的假定不同,其结果存在差异。从截面翘曲惯性矩的定义出发,结合梯形和正弦形波形腹板工字形截面梁的受力特点,推导得到了梯形和正弦形波形腹板工字形截面梁的翘曲惯性矩计算公式,并从平面外弯扭失稳和扭转变形两个角度,与有限元数值计算结果进行了对比验证,也与其他学者推导的计算公式进行了比较。结果表明,在常用的波形尺寸范围内(波长为150～200mm,波幅为20～30mm),腹板不承受轴向力的理想受力状态可以得到保证。推导结果从理论上符合实际,在精度上也能满足工程需求。     

纯弯下带双翼缘的冷弯薄壁型槽钢梁的有效形式

致力于研究带双翼缘的冷弯薄壁型槽钢梁。封闭截面的几何特性用无量纲参数表示。分析研究翘曲方程和翘曲惯性矩。优化准则和无量纲目标方程被定义为质量准则。可行的解决方案受到强度,局部、整体屈曲和几何条件的限制。提出冷弯薄壁型梁整体和局部屈曲的分析方法,并给出最优选型的数值计算结果。     

均布荷载下简支波浪腹板H形截面钢梁弹性整体稳定性研究

采用能量法研究简支波浪腹板H形截面钢梁的弹性整体稳定性,推导了满跨均布荷载作用下简支波浪腹板H形截面钢梁的弹性临界弯矩公式,通过引入波浪腹板H形截面钢梁的等效翘曲惯性矩和绕虚轴等效惯性矩,得到均布荷载作用下简支波浪腹板H形截面钢梁的弹性临界弯矩表达式与普通H形截面简支钢梁形式相同。采用有限元方法对均布荷载作用下简支波浪腹板H形钢梁进行模拟分析,与本文公式计算结果对比验证了所提公式准确有效。均布荷载作用下不同参数简支波浪腹板H形截面钢梁的有限元分析表明,简支波浪腹板H形截面钢梁的弹性临界弯矩大于平腹板H形截面钢梁;随着波浪腹板波幅的增大、翼缘宽度和翼缘厚度的增大,简支波浪腹板H形截面钢梁的整体稳定临界弯矩增大。     

区别处理H型钢梁与工字钢梁稳定性条件

热轧H型钢是一种高效经济性型材,具有抗弯性能好、翼缘宽、侧向刚度大等优点。目前国内生产的H型钢有宽翼缘H型钢(HW),中翼缘H型钢(HM),窄翼缘H型钢(NH)和薄壁H型钢(HT)等,但GB50017—2003《钢结构设计规范》在描述保证梁的整体稳定性内容中,有关热轧H型钢的规定直接借用了轧制普通工字钢或三板焊接截面的相关条文,没有体现H型钢良好的截面特性对整体稳定性的贡献。为了使GB50017—2003能够更充分、准确地指导钢结构工程设计应用,区别处理H型钢梁与工字钢梁,了解和掌握适用于国产热轧H型钢的整体稳定控制条件是十分必要的。从梁整体稳定原理出发,依照现行GB 50017—2003提出的计算公式,通过专门的分析程序对H型钢梁整体稳定进行计算,结合重庆大学已经获得的研究工作结果,提出了更适合国产H型钢的整体稳定控制条件,可作为GB 50017—2003修订的依据,也可供工程应用实践参考。     

Bestimmung der Wölbspannungen von doppeltsymmetrischen Kastenquerschnitten mit Diagrammen

Determination of warping stresses of box sections by diagrams. For determination of warping torsion for beams with box section it is sufficient to examine only points with external torsional moments. Moreover in the case of statically indeterminate systems the reaction torsional moments may be calculated neglecting warping torsion completely. This contribution allows the determination of normal and shear stresses of warping torsion by diagrams or alternatively by formulae depending only of two parameters of the section. Warping moment and secondary torsional moment must then not be calculated. The applied theory encludes secondary shear deformation, which is always necessary in the case of hollow sections.     

Section moment capacity tests of LiteSteel beams

The LiteSteel beam (LSB) is a new cold-formed hollow flange channel section developed by OneSteel Australian Tube Mills using their patented dual electric resistance welding and automated continuous roll-forming process. It has a unique geometry consisting of torsionally rigid rectangular hollow flanges and a relatively slender web. In addition to this unique geometry, the LSB sections also have unique characteristics relating to their stress–strain curves, residual stresses, initial geometric imperfections and hollow flanges that are not encountered in conventional hot-rolled and cold-formed steel channel sections. An experimental study including 20 section moment capacity tests was therefore conducted to investigate the behaviour and strength of LSB flexural members. The presence of inelastic reserve bending capacity in these beams was investigated in detail although the current design rules generally limit the section moment capacities of cold-formed steel members to their first yield moments. The ultimate moment capacities from the tests were compared with the section moment capacities predicted by the current cold-formed and hot-rolled steel design standards. It was found that compact and non-compact LSB sections have greater moment capacities than their first yield moments. The current cold-formed steel design standards were found to be conservative in predicting the section moment capacities of compact and non-compact LSB sections, while the hot-rolled steel design standards were able to better predict them. This paper has shown that suitable modifications are needed to the current design rules to allow the inclusion of available inelastic bending capacities of LSBs in design.     

Torsional behavior of triangular web profile (TRIWP) steel section by experimental study

A triangular web profile (TriWP) is a modified section where the flanges are connected to a web plate of triangular profile. This study examined the torsional behavior of TriWP steel sections and compared to that of the flat web (FW) steel sections. Three types of specimen sizes were used: 180 mm × 75 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm, 200 mm × 100 mm × 8 mm × 6 mm, and 200 mm × 100 mm × 6 mm × 5 mm. All the specimens were loaded vertically until the maximum load was achieved and then the load was released. For both types of specimens, it was observed that the torsional rotation for bigger size [200 mm × 100 mm × 8mm × 6 mm] were smaller than that of smaller size [180 mm × 75 mm × 5mm × 2 mm] of the specimens. At the maximum torsional loading, the experimental result was compared to the theoretical calculation. The comparison showed that the percentage difference ranged from 1.10% to 16.80%. From the graph of torsional load versus rotational angle, the torsional rotation for all TriWP steel sections were smaller than that of the FW steel section under the same torsional loading i.e., 0.2 kNm and 1 kNm. The range between FWand TriWP were 3.74 to 71.83 at 0.2 kNm while 14.5 to 75.1 at 1.0 kNm. The findings were shown that the TriWP steel sections had better resistance against torsion in comparison to FW steel section.     

Comparison of component method with experimental tests for flush end-plate connections using hot-rolled perwaja steel sections

A component method has been introduced by Steel Construction Institute to predict the moment resistance of partial strength connection. The design philosophy is taken directly from Eurocode 3 with strength checks on bolts, welds, and steel which have been modified to comply with BS 5950-1:2000. The accuracy of the method however needs to be validated with the experimental tests especially for hot-rolled sections other than typical British Section (BS). Six experimental tests on beam-to-column connections have been carried out for Flush End-Plate (FEP) connections consisting of variable parameters such as thickness of end-plate, size and number of bolts, size of columns, and beams. The tests were set-up using local hot-rolled steel sections known as Perwaja Section (PS) for beams and columns instead of typical British Section (BS). The strength of materials for end-plate, column and beam sections were tested for tensile strength and used in predicting the moment resistance for component method. The moment versus rotation of the test results were plotted and compared with the moment resistance derived from component method. The study concluded that the moment resistance of the tested flush end-plate connections was higher than the predicted moment resistance from component method which showed good agreement between the two moments. The study also concluded that the tested FEP connections met the requirements and criteria of partial strength connections.     

Behaviour and strength of hollow flange channel sections under torsion and bending

Hollow flange channel section is a cold-formed high-strength and thin-walled steel section with a unique shape including two rectangular hollow flanges and a slender web. Due to its mono-symmetric characteristics, it will also be subjected to torsion when subjected to transverse loads in practical applications. Past research on steel beams subject to torsion has concentrated on open sections while very few steel design standards give suitable design rules for torsion design. Since the hollow flange channel section is different from conventional open sections, its torsional behaviour remains unknown to researchers. Therefore the elastic behaviour of hollow flange channel sections subject to uniform and non-uniform torsion, and combined torsion and bending was investigated using the solutions of appropriate differential equilibrium equations. The section torsion shear flow, warping normal stress distribution, and section constants including torsion constant and warping constant were obtained. The results were compared with those from finite element analyses that verified the accuracy of analytical solutions. Parametric studies were undertaken for simply supported beams subject to a uniformly distributed torque and a uniformly distributed transverse load applied away from the shear centre. This paper presents the details of this research into the elastic behaviour and strength of hollow flange channel sections subject to torsion and bending and the results.     

A numerical and analytical study on distortional buckling of doubly-symmetric steel I-beams

This study investigates the effect of web distortions in a lateral distortional buckling mode on the buckling moments of doubly-symmetric steel I-beams. Analytical buckling moment expressions applicable to both elastic and inelastic lateral distortional buckling were developed. These expressions account for the reductions in the torsional and warping rigidities of I-beams due to web distortions. Numerical results obtained from the finite element analysis showed that the buckling moments of steel I-beams with stocky flanges and slender webs are overestimated by the lateral torsional buckling solutions while the proposed distortional buckling solutions provide estimates in closer agreement with the numerical results. Finally, the lateral torsional buckling solutions in the structural steel standards were found to generally provide conservative buckling moment estimates for doubly-symmetric steel I-beams prone to web distortions.     

封闭式横截面薄壁组合梁的弯曲—扭转性能

对单室箱形结构中的薄壁复合梁的静力和动力特性进行分析。结构模型中考虑了多种非典型作用，如：材料各向异性、横向剪切、翘曲的抑制作用、非均匀扭转模型和转动惯量。利用扩展的Hamilton原则推导出主导方程，并利用扩展的Galerkin方法进行解释。考虑了纤维方向对静挠度和自然频率的影响，得出一些重要结论。     

Theoretical shape optimization of cold-formed thin-walled channel beams with drop flanges in pure bending

The paper is devoted to cold-formed thin-walled channel beams with open or closed profile of drop flanges. Geometric properties of two C-sections are described with consideration of warping functions and warping inertia moments. Optimization criterion and the dimensionless objective function as a quality measure are defined. Constraints of feasible solutions are strength, global and local buckling conditions and also geometric condition. Analytical solutions of the problems of global and local buckling for thin-walled beams are presented. Results of numerical investigation of optimization problem are compared and presented in tables and figures.     

Warping analysis of concrete cores

When a substantial torsional moment is present, the magnitude of the longitudinal stresses on the core walls due to warping and the header beam forces are quite significant and those actions are too large to be neglected. Many methods developed for warping analysis of concrete cores are either not applicable for complex core structures or difficult to adopt in normal design offices because they are not versatile enough for practical applications. Also, models based on either open sections or completely closed sections may be grossly inaccurate for partially‐closed core sections. A simple method of analysis for estimating the longitudinal stresses on walls and header beam forces for torsionally loaded concrete cores is presented in a manner suitable for use in design offices. In this method, an open section with the header beams is converted to an appropriate continuous continuum through an equivalent thickness element. This method of analysis is found to be very versatile and may be used in both preliminary and final design stages. In order to illustrate the application of the proposed model, and to evaluate the contribution of the parameters involved, a case study is presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A theoretical analysis of the local buckling in thin-walled bars with open cross-section subjected to warping torsion

Results of a theoretical analysis of the local buckling in thin-walled bars with open cross-section subjected to warping torsion are presented. The local critical bimoment, which generates local buckling of a thin-walled bar and constitutes the limit of the applicability of the classical Vlasov theory, is defined. A method of determining local critical bimoment on the basis of critical warping stress is developed. It is shown that there are two different local critical bimoments with regard to absolute value for bars with an unsymmetrical cross-section depending on the sense of torsion load (sign of bimoment). However, for bars with bisymmetrical and monosymmetrical sections, the determined absolute values of local critical bimoments are equal to each other, irrespective of the sense of torsional load. Critical warping stresses, local critical bimoments and local buckling modes for selected cases of thin-walled bars with open cross-section are determined.