TiB_2强化Fe-Cr-C堆焊合金组织和性能

在自制耐磨堆焊药芯焊丝的药芯中,添加不同含量的TiB2制备多种不同的药芯焊丝,探究TiB2对堆焊合金初生碳化物形态和性能的影响。通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、硬度仪和磨损试验机等仪器,研究耐磨堆焊合金显微组织、硬度和耐磨机理。结果表明:TiB2对堆焊合金中初生碳化物的生长起着重要的作用。随TiB2的加入,在堆焊合金的横截面上初生碳化物得到细化,在纵截面上柱状的初生碳化物开始变短;初生碳化物的各向异性减弱。堆焊合金中加入TiB2形成了新的合金碳化物TiC。通过TiB2强化的堆焊合金耐磨性和硬度均得到提高。     

铁基硬面堆焊药芯焊丝的开发及应用

为解决水泥、电力、冶金、矿山等行业立磨、辊压机、耐磨板等耐磨部件的耐磨损问题,对铁基硬面堆焊药芯焊丝进行了研究。通过调整药芯焊丝中碳、铬含量以及一种或多种强化合金元素种类与含量,制备了碳含量4%~6%,铬含量20%~35%,其他合金元素含量小于10%的铁基硬面堆焊合金,分析了堆焊合金显微组织和硬度,对合金中硬质碳化物面积百分比、碳化物尺寸进行了定量分析,对堆焊合金的耐磨性进行了试验。结果表明:堆焊合金的主要组织为初生碳化物(Cr,Fe)7C3、共晶碳化物(Cr,Fe)7C3、残余奥氏体及少量其他碳化物;随合金中初生碳化物的增加,合金硬度和耐磨性增加,但碳化物过多时,硬度继续增加,耐磨性反而下降;适量合金元素Nb、Mo等的加入,在合金中以固溶体和细小弥散分布的硬质相的形式存在,有利于提高合金的耐磨性。通过配方设计和应用试验,成功开发出6种硬面堆焊用药芯焊丝。     

堆焊

20091216Fe-Cr-C系药芯焊丝耐磨堆焊层的组织和性能/肖逸锋…//热加工工艺.-2008,37(11):1~3在Fe-Cr-C系药芯焊丝药芯中添加多种强碳化物形成元素,研究了堆敷金属的显微组织、耐磨性和抗氧化性。结果表明,堆焊层金属中大量呈针状和片状的细小碳化物均匀分布在共晶组织和马氏体基体上,改善堆焊金属的韧性,提高了抗裂性;焊缝金属的硬度为61.7HRC,耐磨性好,其相对耐磨性是市售某药芯焊丝堆焊层金属的3.75倍;堆焊层金属高温稳定性好,抗氧化能力强;焊丝适用于高温低应力磨料磨损环境。图3表4参520091217Fe-Cr-V耐磨堆焊合金/龚建勋…//焊接学报.-2008,29(7):73~76制备了用于埋弧焊药芯焊丝的Fe-Cr-V堆焊合金,其成份(质量分数,%)为C0.9~1.5,Cr13~15,V1.0~2.0。借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段,研究了其显微组织,并考察V和B4C含量对该堆焊合金性能的影响。Fe-Cr-V堆焊合金的显微组织由铁素体+马氏体+(Cr,Fe)23C6等碳化物组成。电子能谱微区分析显示Cr,V元素晶界含量显著高于晶内,随WC加入量提高,晶界与晶内含量差...     

堆焊

20091216Fe-Cr-C系药芯焊丝耐磨堆焊层的组织和性能/肖逸锋…//热加工工艺.-2008,37(11):1~3在Fe-Cr-C系药芯焊丝药芯中添加多种强碳化物形成元素,研究了堆敷金属的显微组织、耐磨性和抗氧化性。结果表明,堆焊层金属中大量呈针状和片状的细小碳化物均匀分布在共晶组织和马氏体基体上,改善堆焊金属的韧性,提高了抗裂性;焊缝金属的硬度为61.7HRC,耐磨性好,其相对耐磨性是市售某药芯焊丝堆焊层金属的3.75倍;堆焊层金属高温稳定性好,抗氧化能力强;焊丝适用于高温低应力磨料磨损环境。图3表4参520091217Fe-Cr-V耐磨堆焊合金/龚建勋…//焊接学报.-2008,29(7):73~76制备了用于埋弧焊药芯焊丝的Fe-Cr-V堆焊合金,其成份(质量分数,%)为C0.9~1.5,Cr13~15,V1.0~2.0。借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段,研究了其显微组织,并考察V和B4C含量对该堆焊合金性能的影响。Fe-Cr-V堆焊合金的显微组织由铁素体+马氏体+(Cr,Fe)23C6等碳化物组成。电子能谱微区分析显示Cr,V元素晶界含量显著高于晶内,随WC加入量提高,晶界与晶内含量差...     

高铬铸铁耐磨堆焊埋弧药芯焊丝研究

采用自动埋弧堆焊对高铬铸铁埋弧药芯焊丝堆焊合金的组织及耐磨性进行试验,研究Cr/C对堆焊层的组织和耐磨性的影响.研究发现,Cr/C增加,初生碳化物形状越来越规则,初生碳化物的杆状纤维增长,增加堆焊层的韧性.初生碳化物微区Cr含量增加,增加初生碳化物显微硬度.Cr/C与初生碳化物面积分数对耐磨性的影响比较明显,其中初生碳化物面积分数与耐磨性呈线性关系.高铬铸铁堆焊层的耐磨性受到基体组织影响较大,由奥氏体及其分解产物构成的混合基体的堆焊层耐磨性最大.文中所研究的41#、43#、45#焊丝其堆焊层的耐磨性非常好,相对Q235钢的耐磨性分别为β41=27.1716、β43=18.6305和β45=19.7949.文中进一步探讨了耐磨堆焊层磨损过程中的孔洞效应及裂纹扩张效应.     

Mo强化Fe-Cr-C系堆焊材料组织和力学性能分析

在Fe-Cr-C系高Cr铸铁型堆焊焊丝中加入Mo元素制成自保护药芯焊丝,通过热力学平衡计算,理论分析了Mo对高碳高铬系堆焊材料的强化机理。结果表明:Mo元素的添加,可以增加堆焊层中初生碳化物的数量,细化合金组织,在强化碳化物的同时强化基体。通过试验的方法对比分析了Mo元素对高Cr铸铁型堆焊材料显微组织和力学性能的影响,当加入2%Mo时,堆焊熔覆层的质量明显好于不含Mo的材料,同时堆焊层平均硬度值提高了12.5%,添加Mo元素焊丝堆焊制备的复合材料的常温冲击韧性是未添加Mo元素的1.9倍。     

Fe-C-Cr-V高铬堆焊合金的M7C3型碳化物及耐磨性

采用药芯焊丝埋弧堆焊方法制备含有0.9%~3.0%C,15%~20%Cr,2.0%~3.0%V的高铬合金.借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段,研究其显微组织及碳化物分布形貌.结果表明,其显微组织由马氏体+铁素体+奥氏体+初生M7C3+(Fe,Cr)3C+TiC等相组成.通过优化药芯焊丝组份及调整堆焊速度,获得了沿堆焊表面垂直方向定向分布的初生M7C3型碳化物,电子能谱分析显示该碳化物为(Fe,Cr,V)7C3.此外,考察了碳含量对高铬堆焊合金硬度及耐磨粒磨损性能的影响.表明其耐磨性优良,其中15~25μm M7C3型初生碳化物颗粒有效阻碍磨粒的显微切削运动,显著改善了耐磨性.     

药芯焊丝中B元素对铁基堆焊金属性能的影响

采用自制的药芯焊丝在Q235钢表面通过明弧堆焊的方法制备Fe-Cr-C-B系堆焊合金。借助X射线衍射(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、洛氏硬度计和湿砂磨损试验机等试验手段进行分析检测,研究药芯焊丝中B元素添加量对堆焊金属焊缝成形、成分、显微组织和磨损性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着药芯焊丝中B添加量的增加,堆焊金属中B的含量增加,显微组织中初生奥氏体的数量减少,晶间碳化物和碳硼化物数量增多。当B元素含量为3%时,焊缝成形及堆焊层的硬度及耐磨损性达到最佳值,其硬度值为62.5 HRC,磨损量仅为0.3288 g;继续增加药芯焊丝中B元素的含量时,焊缝开裂严重并且耐磨性有所降低。     

高碳高铬铸铁堆焊合金组织分析

研究的堆焊合金成分范围是:C 4.0%～6.5%,Cr 20%～40%.设计制作不同C,Cr合金配比的药芯焊丝,采用埋弧堆焊的方法,得到多组堆焊合金试块,通过组织金相分析、电子探针分析、硬度测试等试验手段,分析C,Cr,Cr/C比对合金组织、硬度以及初生碳化物数量及分布的影响,研究不同合金元素对组织性能的影响规律.     

VC-90药芯焊丝堆焊组织性能研究

采用埋弧堆焊技术对药芯焊丝VC-90进行四层堆焊,借助金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、EDS能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、维氏硬度计及磨损试验机等对堆焊合金微观组织及耐磨性能进行测试和分析。结果表明,堆焊合金的基体组织为马氏体和残余奥氏体,基体上分布着初生碳化物和共晶碳化物,碳化物的类型均为M7C3型。初生碳化物主要呈不完整的六边形,中间有空洞。堆焊金属的相结构为C0.055Fe1.945+(Fe,Cr)7C3+CFe15.1。堆焊合金层的耐磨性是Q235钢的27.20倍,抵抗低应力的磨料磨损效果良好。     

Microstructure and properties of Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys reinforced with TiC–TiB2

Abstract

Different amounts of TiB₂ powder were added to flux cores of wear resistant hardfacing flux cored wires for the preparation of new flux cored wires. Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys reinforced with TiB₂ were produced by arc hardfacing. The microstructure, hardness and wear resistance behaviour of the hardfacing alloys were investigated using an optical micrograph, scanning electron micrograph (SEM), X-ray diffractometer, macrohardness tester, microhardness tester and abrasive wear tester. The results showed that, among the hardfacing alloys, a new hard phase, i.e. TiC–TiB₂ composite compound particles, was formed and dispersed in the primary carbides and matrix structures. The TiC–TiB₂ reinforced Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys imparted greater hardness and better wear resistance. The presence of TiC–TiB₂ hard phase particles is the main reason for the improvement in hardness and wear resistance of Fe–Cr–C hardfacing alloys.     

高铬铸铁型堆焊自保护药芯焊丝的研制

研制了一种自保护高铬铸铁型药芯焊丝,对其组织性能进行了分析,结果表明:堆焊金属显微组织主要为马氏体+残余奥氏体+M7C3型碳化物,堆焊金属硬度随石墨加入量的增加而增加,当加入w(石墨)15％时,堆焊金属硬度开始下降;药芯中加入w(钼铁)2％,堆焊金属硬度从HRC62.7提高到HRC63.5;初生碳化物主要沿堆焊层向母材...     

硅对自保护明弧堆焊合金Fe-Cr-C-B显微组织及性能的影响

采用药芯焊丝自保护明弧焊方法在Q235A基体上制备了Fe-Cr-C-B-Si耐磨合金.借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射仪和硬度测试等手段研究了以Fe-Si形式加入的硅含量对其组织和性能的影响.结果表明,硅含量显著影响其碳化物形貌、分布及尺寸,具体表现为硅含量提高,随之出现了硬度高达9.75～13.54 GPa的白色团状相,尺寸增大并呈聚集分布；背散射电子扫描图、电子能谱分析和显微硬度测试显示该团状相为双相复合碳化物,其内部为M23C6相,外表则是较低Cr,C元素含量的碳化物.此外湿砂磨粒磨损试验结果表明,适量硅显著改善了明弧堆焊合金的耐磨性,所含M23C6相尺寸和显微硬度明显影响其磨损失重.     

B4C对高碳铬铁自保护药芯焊丝力学性能的影响

通过改变高碳铬铁中熔覆金属B4C的含量,分别考察了B4C对堆焊熔敷金属金相组织、硬度和不同载荷下耐磨性的影响,并对堆焊熔敷金属磨损形貌进行了分析.结果表明,随B4C含量的增加,初生碳化物的生长方向性越来越明显,成定向生长趋势,并且熔敷金属的宏观硬度逐渐增大,但B元素含量超过0.5%时,硬度变化趋缓;不同载荷磨损条件下,B4C强化的熔敷金属表现出耐磨性不同,堆焊熔敷金属耐磨面碳化物断裂或剥落少时,表现出良好的耐磨性,当碳化物大量断裂或剥落时,耐磨性变差.     

Effect of WC/W2C on the microstructure and abrasion resistance of high-boron hardfacing alloys

High boron hardfacing alloys reinforced with primary M₂B phases on Q235 steel plates were prepared by the method of flux-cored wire submerged arc welding. The microstructure and boride morphology were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of WC/W₂C on the microstructure was discussed. It indicated that the volume fraction of primary M₂B phases has increased due to good nucleated cores of incompletely molten W₂C particles provided by casting tungsten carbide or decarburizing reaction of WC powders. Abrasion resistance was evaluated by wet sand rubber wear tests and the wear mechanism was studied using SEM. It shows that primary M₂B grains play a key role in improving abrasion resistance.     

元素添加量对水等离子弧堆焊铁基合金层的影响

采用正交试验方法设计了几种铁基合金系堆焊粉末,利用水等离子火焰机在Q345钢板上进行堆焊,分析了Cr,Mo,Si,C添加量对堆焊层硬度、显微组织及磨损性能的影响。结果表明:堆焊层中含有大量的M7C3初生碳化物及共晶组织,最高硬度可达到56.8HRC,耐磨性较好,Cr和C对堆焊金属的耐磨性影响最大。试验表明,采用水等离子火焰机可以较好地进行粉末堆焊。     

Evaluation of mass loss of weld-deposited hardfacing with cored wire Ti-FeCrC alloy

In this article, we have studied the mass loss of hardfacing applied by flux-cored arc welding. Heat input, shielding gas and number of layers of coating were changed to application of Fe–Cr–Ti–C self-shielded tubular wire. Overlapping beads were deposited on plates of carbon steel AISI 1020 to analyse the mass loss, hardness and microstructure. For the analysis of mass loss, beads were deposited forming overlapping layers of coatings. Hardness measurements were performed on the surface of the specimens of wear. A rubber wheel abrasion tester was used to access the mass loss of coatings. The coatings had retained austenite and martensite microstructure with carbides finely dispersed in the matrix. The main factors that contributed to the increase in mass loss were the cracks due to higher cooling rate of the samples deposited with low heat input, the dilution in the first layer of all samples also contributed to the increase in mass loss. The smallest mass losses were those deposited coatings with high heat input, the second and fourth layers, the samples AC2, AC4 and AS2. The volume fraction of titanium carbides contributed to the decrease in the mean free path between the particles of carbides and increased the wear resistance of the coatings.     

Effects of ultrafine refractory carbides on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-pressing sintered TiB2-ZrC cermet composites at different temperatures

TiB₂-ZrC cermet composites were sintered at different temperatures by hot pressing in vacuum. Effects of ultrafine refractory carbides and sintering temperatures on microstructures and mechanical properties were evaluated. The relationships between mechanical properties and microstructure are discussed. A typical black core-grey rim structure was observed; the grain size of TiB₂ remarkably decreased when ultrafine refractory carbides were added into the matrix. The incorporation of vanadium carbide (VC) and niobium carbide (NbC) clearly improved the flexural strength and hardness. This can be attributed to the fine uniform grain size and solid solution strengthening mechanism. It was also observed that the introduction of VC and tantalum carbide (TaC) enhanced the indentation fracture resistance of composites. This can be attributed to the favorable solubility of VC in TiB₂-ZrC system and the pinning effect of precipitated TaC. In this study, the typical core-rim structure, good solubility of VC, pinning effect of TaC, and crack deflection and branching improved the mechanical properties of TiB₂-ZrC cermet composites.     

B元素对Fe-Cr-C系耐磨堆焊合金组织和耐磨性的影响

采用直径为1.6 mm的细径药芯焊丝,利用CO₂气体保护焊堆焊的方法制备了含有1.0%~3.0%C(质量分数),15%~20%Cr,0%~2.0%B的高铬堆焊合金.研究了B₄C含量对堆焊合金的硬度及耐磨性的影响.结果表明,堆焊合金的硬度从57.1 HRC增加到65.2 HRC,硬度提高14.2%;堆焊层合金的相对耐磨性从3.5倍提高到18.0倍.借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等微观分析方法,研究了堆焊合金的显微组织及碳化物分布形貌.结果表明,堆焊合金的显微组织主要由铁素体+奥氏体+(Fe,Cr)₇C₃组成,加入B₄C可显著改善堆焊合金层基体组织,使碳化物(Fe,Cr)₇C₃数量增加且呈弥散分布.     

Microstructure and abrasive wear properties of Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloy cladding manufactured by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)

A series of Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys is deposited by gas tungsten arc welding and subjected to abrasive wear testing. Pure Fe with various amounts of CrC (Cr:C=4:1) powders are mixed as the fillers and used to deposit hardfacing alloys on low carbon steel. Depending on the various CrC additions to the alloy fillers, the claddings mainly contain hypoeutectic, near eutectic, or hypereutectic microstructures of austenite γ-Fe phase and (Cr,Fe)₇C₃ carbides on hardfacing alloys, respectively. When 30% CrC is added to the filler, the finest microstructure is achieved, which corresponds to the γ-Fe+(Cr,Fe)₇C₃ eutectic structure. With the addition of 35% and 40% CrC to the fillers, the results show that the cladding consists of the massive primary (Cr,Fe)₇C₃ as the reinforcing phase and interdendritic γ-Fe+(Cr,Fe)₇C₃ eutectics as the matrix. The (Cr,Fe)₇C₃ carbide-reinforced claddings have high hardness and excellent wear resistance under abrasive wear test conditions. Concerning the abrasive wear feature observable on the worn surface, the formation and fraction of massive primary (Cr,Fe)₇C₃ carbides predominates the wear resistance of hardfacing alloys. Abrasive particles result in continuous plastic grooves when the cladding has primary γ-Fe phase in a hypoeutectic structure.