TC4线性摩擦焊接头的力学性能及组织变化特点

用自制的XMH-160型线性摩擦焊机进行了TC4线性摩擦焊试验研究.利用前期试验优化的工艺参数进行焊接,获得了100%焊合率的焊接接头.对焊后试件进行了拉伸性能试验,拉伸试件均断在远离焊缝的母材区,表明接头的力学性能指标超过了母材.对接头解剖后进行了组织分析和显微硬度测试,发现焊缝中部宽约60μm,边缘宽约110μm,焊缝两边的金属流线组织呈对称分布;焊缝中心区为α β超细晶组织,近缝区为不同程度的α β变形组织,但晶粒未明显长大;焊缝的显微硬度明显高于母材.接头组织的上述变化特点是拉伸力学性能和显微硬度均高于母材的主要原因.     

焊接方法对C24S铝锂合金组织和性能的影响

对2 mm C24S铝锂合金薄板进行TIG焊和FSW焊接试验,焊后利用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察分析两种焊接方法所得接头的显微组织,并测试其室温拉伸性能和显微硬度。结果表明:TIG焊所得接头组织粗大,焊缝气孔缺陷严重,焊缝区强化相大量溶解,接头抗拉强度仅为母材的47.9%,焊缝显微硬度为92 HV,且拉伸接头塑性较差;FSW焊焊缝成形良好,接头组织细小,且焊缝强化相并未溶解,接头拉伸强度达到母材的82.6%,焊缝显微硬度高达115 HV,接头塑性良好。     

厚板铜镍合金电子束焊的接头组织与力学性能

采用真空电子束焊接实现了船用厚板铜镍合金的优质可靠连接,焊后对接头组织、显微硬度、拉伸性能和冲击性能进行了测试研究。研究结果表明,焊缝为粗大的枝晶组织,热影响区为晶粒大小不等的孪晶组织,靠近焊缝处晶粒有异常长大;接头显微硬度最高值为HV0.2122,出现在热影响区;焊接接头最大抗拉强度达到342 MPa,与母材等强,拉伸试样均在母材断裂,拉伸断口分布大小不一的韧窝,呈明显的韧性断裂特性;焊缝最高冲击吸收功达到160 J,高于母材的,热影响区最低冲击吸收功121 J,略低于母材的。     

热处理对TC17(α+β)/TC17(β)线性摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能的影响

针对热处理前后TC17(α+β)/TC17(β)钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织和性能进行了对比分析. 结果表明,焊态时焊缝区组织发生动态回复和再结晶,两侧的热力影响区组织均被不同程度地拉长,热处理后焊缝中的亚稳相分解析出弥散的α和β相,TC17(α+β)侧热力影响区的初生α相有所长大. 焊态接头焊缝区显微硬度比母材低,接头的抗拉强度和屈服强度略低于母材,分别达到母材的91.9%,96.2%,接头拉伸性能试件断裂位置均在焊缝区;经过热处理,母材显微硬度未发生明显变化,焊缝区显微硬度显著提高,接头抗拉强度和屈服强度达到与母材相当,与焊态相比分别提高11.9%,8.2%,接头拉伸性能试件断于母材区.     

FGH96/GH4169高温合金惯性摩擦焊接头组织与力学性能

在惯性摩擦焊机上对FGH96/GH4169高温合金进行了焊接,焊后利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜以及拉伸试验机等设备分析了接头的微观组织形貌、显微硬度、拉伸性能及断口形貌。结果表明:焊缝区组织为细小的等轴晶粒;热机影响区晶粒被拉伸呈流线型。接头室温拉伸强度可以接近母材的80%,显微硬度沿垂直于焊缝方向呈W形分布,硬度最低点位于GH4169侧热机影响区区域。断裂位置也位于该区域,断裂形式为韧性断裂。     

30 mm 7A05铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法利用新型搅拌头对30 mm厚的7A05-T6铝合金进行了单道对接,焊后分析讨论了焊缝接头微观组织和力学性能.结果表明,接头焊核区发生动态再结晶,生成细小的等轴晶粒;焊缝两侧热力影响区受机械和热的双重作用,组织存在较大差异,前进侧为窄条状组织,后退侧为扁平状组织;热影响区晶粒粗化;在焊接30 mm板时,工艺参数范围较窄,旋转频率为360 r/min,焊接速度为100 mm/min时,可获得无缺陷、成形好的焊缝;接头抗拉强度为367.7 MPa、屈服强度为280.8 MPa、断后伸长率为14.4%高于母材,接头抗拉强度可达母材的95%.接头显微硬度的分布呈类似W形分布,热影响区软化趋势比较明显.     

2A97铝锂合金激光焊T形接头组织及性能

采用异种模式与同步模式双光束DISK激光焊接1.5 mm厚的2A97-T3铝锂合金T形接头,对比研究两种模式T形接头的微观组织,硬度分布和拉伸性能.结果表明,两种模式接头的焊缝区显微硬度仅为母材的61%~67%,但异种模式接头深熔焊缝的显微硬度偏高,表明沉淀相的溶解使焊缝区出现软化,而热导焊过程对深熔焊缝有强化作用.异种模式T形接头蒙皮和桁条的抗拉强度分别为415和337 MPa,为母材的84.8%和68.9%;而同步模式分别达到母材的90.6%和59.4%.异种模式T形接头蒙皮和桁条拉伸均断在热导焊缝的过渡区,表明热导焊缝过渡区是异种模式T形接头最薄弱区域.     

ULCB钢电子束穿透焊组织与性能

为了进一步探索ULCB钢的焊接性能,采用真空电子束穿透焊不同束流强度对14 mm钢板对接接头进行了焊接,通过焊缝形貌比较,束流强度为100 mA时,接头焊缝成形最好,选取该接头做了拉伸、硬度、冲击试验及金相组织分析.结果表明,拉伸试样的断裂区域在母材区,抗拉强度为761 MPa、屈服强度为669 MPa,硬度范围在270~330 HV;冲击试样的断裂区域在热影响区,焊缝区平均冲击功为288 J,热影响区平均冲击功为273 J;接头显微组织中,焊缝区和热影响区产生了α'马氏体相,使焊缝区和热影响区产生相变强化,导致焊接接头的强度和硬度均高于母材.     

搅拌摩擦点焊工艺参数对接头组织及力学性能的影响

采用回填式搅拌摩擦点焊技术制备1.0 mm厚 6016-T4 铝合金点焊接头,并通过正交试验法对其表面成形、剪切拉伸、十字拉伸和显微硬度进行分析,探究焊接工艺参数对6016-T4铝合金点焊接头组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,焊接时间4.5 s、旋转速度1 600 r/min、下扎深度1.4 mm为最佳焊接工艺参数,接头剪切拉伸力、十字拉伸力分别为4.02 kN与1.32 kN;中间部位的搅拌针作用区硬度较为均匀,硬度值高于母材区;焊点接头在剥离试验过程中均未出现松动,说明焊点牢固,质量良好。     

变形镁合金TIG焊接头组织和力学性能研究

采用TIG焊、使用与母材同质的焊丝对4.6mm厚的AZ31B变形镁合金进行焊接,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计、电子拉伸试验机等手段对焊接接头的显微组织、元素分布、断口形貌、接头硬度和强度等进行了分析.结果表明:焊缝区为细小的等轴晶,组织为α-Mg固溶体和网状分布的B-Mg17Al12金属间化合物;接头硬度分布不均匀,焊缝区最高,热影响区最低;焊缝区Mg元素烧损,Al含量较高;接头抗拉强度达到220MPa,是母材的93%,断裂发生在热影响区,断口形貌为韧-脆混合断裂.     

Al-Mg合金填充式搅拌摩擦点焊性能

为了确定Al-Mg铝合金填充式搅拌摩擦点焊性能,以Al-Mg铝合金中2 mm的5A06为研究对象,对填充式搅拌摩擦点焊接头进行了剪切拉伸、十字形拉伸、显微组织和疲劳性能等测试,并建立了焊点组织区模型.结果表明,接头显微组织可以分为焊核区、热影响区、热力影响区和母材区部分;旋转频率为2000 r/min时,剪切载荷均值7865 MPa,十字形拉伸载荷均值3480 N;通过SEM和OM分析,点焊接头疲劳裂纹均起始于上下板结合面的焊点边缘,该区域的环沟槽、孔洞及包铝层等缺陷和应力集中是造成疲劳破坏的主要原因.     

超声功率对2219-T351铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊和不同功率的超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊对2219-T351铝合金进行焊接试验,测量焊接温度和焊接压力,对焊接接头的微观组织、显微硬度和力学性能进行分析,研究了加入不同超声功率后焊缝的组织性能和材料流动性. 结果表明,超声能降低焊接温度,随着超声功率增加减小的幅度越大. 加入了超声后,焊缝微观组织更加均匀,底部材料的流动情况得到改善,焊缝区有更多的强化相残留,焊接接头的显微硬度、抗拉强度及断后伸长率在加入超声后均有提高,在加入2.25 kW的超声功率时达到最高,最高拉伸强度为331 MPa,可达到母材的80%左右.     

Development of novel heating tool friction stir spot welding (HT-FSSW) for AZ31 magnesium alloy

In this work, a new heating tool friction stir spot welding (HT-FSSW) process was developed, and its impacts on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints were investigated by microstructure observation, tensile tests and microhardness tests. An increase in the heating tool temperature resulted in a decrease in the grain size of the stir zone (SZ) and an increase in the grain size of the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ). The rising heating tool temperature also aggrandised the bonded zone width and enhanced the tensile shear load strength per unit area of the HT-FSSW welded joints. With an increase in the heating tool temperature, the microhardness of SZ increased while that of the TMAZ decreased. Moreover, the slope of the Hall–Petch relationship between microhardness and grain size of the TMAZ is larger than that of the SZ.     

回填时间对RFSSW接头断裂行为的影响

为研究回填时间对回填式搅拌摩擦点焊接头断裂模式和断裂机理的影响,对上下板厚度分别为1.5 mm和2 mm的LY12铝合金板材进行了点焊试验,并对焊后接头进行拉剪试验.结果表明,当回填时间较短时,套筒作用区与热力影响区间界面上的原子扩散效果差,甚至在近表面附近出现开裂,导致接头的剪切-塞型断裂.当回填时间足够长时,焊接接头的断裂模式转化为剪切断裂,裂纹主要沿着上下板搭接面扩展.同时,显微结构、硬度与断口形貌的试验结果验证了文中对断裂机制的解释.     

7475铝合金回填式FSSW接头微观组织与力学性能研究

本文针对7475铝合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊展开研究,首先采用不同工艺参数对2mm 7475铝合金进行焊接,然后对焊点表面和横截面进行观察,同时对试样进行硬度测量和拉伸剪切测试。结果表明,根据焊缝微观组织可以将焊点分为四个部分,不同部位的晶粒尺寸不同;并在微观组织中发现了Hook、孔洞和未连接等由于材料流动性不佳造成的微观组织缺陷;同时,母材区和搅拌区的硬度明显高于热影响区和热机影响区;另外,焊点的最高硬度和拉伸剪切强度随着焊具旋转速度、搅拌套下压深度的变化而呈现规律性变化,但是搅拌套运动速率对焊点力学性能的影响不明显。     

Effects of pin diameter on microstructures and mechanical properties of friction stir spot welded AZ31B magnesium alloy joints

Abstract

The effects of pin diameter on the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir spot welded AZ31B magnesium alloy joints were investigated using microstructural observations, tensile tests and microhardness tests. The results showed that with an increase in the pin diameter, the height and width of the curved interface in the friction stir spot welded AZ31B magnesium alloy joints increased because of the strong effect of stirring and high temperature obtained when large sized pins were adopted. An increase in the pin diameter led to the coarsening of α-Mg grains in the stir zone, thermomechanical affected zone and heat affected zone because of heat generation, resulting in the decrease in microhardness of stir zone, thermomechanical affected zone and heat affected zone. The tensile shear force of the friction stir spot welded AZ31B magnesium alloy joints increased with the increase in pin diameter because the height and width of the curved interface dominated the failure of the specimens.     

Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Pure Zirconium via Friction Stir Processing

Friction stir processing (FSP), as a new kind of severe plastic deformation technique, can refine and homogenize the microstructure of metallic material. In this study, the effect of FSP on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pure Zr was investigated using electron backscatter diffraction analysis, microhardness and room-temperature tensile testing. The fine-grained (FG) structure with an average grain size of?~?5.3 μm was obtained in the processed zone, where the average microhardness was?~?198 HV, 1.6 times higher than that of base metal. Furthermore, tensile property of FG pure Zr exhibited obvious anisotropy owing to strong texture. Both grain size and texture had a significant effect on strength and ductility of FG pure Zr. High yield strength (248 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (483 MPa), as well as good uniform elongation (10%) were achieved, which demonstrated that FSP was an effective method to fabricate bulk FG pure Zr with high strength and good ductility.     

Effect of tool geometry on microstructure and static strength in friction stir spot welded aluminium alloys

The effect of tool geometry on microstructure and static strength in friction stir spot welds of 6061 aluminium alloy sheets was studied. Tools with three different probe lengths were used to join the aluminium sheet with different tool rotational speeds and tool holding times. The weld microstructures varied significantly depending on probe length, tool rotational speed and tool holding time. Two particular aspects were identified: the thickness of the upper sheet under the shoulder indentation and the nugget size. The former decreased with increasing probe length at the shortest tool holding time and the slowest tool rotational speed, but there were no discernible differences in other welding conditions, while the latter increased with increasing probe length, tool rotational speed and tool holding time. The tensile shear strength increased with increasing probe length, while the cross-tension strength was not affected significantly by probe length. Two fracture modes were observed: shear fracture of the nugget and mixed mode fracture under tensile shear loading, and nugget debonding and pull-out under cross-tension loading. Based on experimental observation of the microstructures, the effect of probe length on static strength and the fracture mechanisms were discussed.     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊接头的微观组织和性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊工艺对3mm厚0Cr18Ni9不锈钢板进行了对接焊接。焊接接头内形成了焊核区、热力影响区和热影响区三个区域。焊核区由动态再结晶组织构成;热力影响区内的组织发生了不同程度的变形;热影响区由不完全再结晶组织构成。焊核区发生了明显的加工硬化现象,其显微硬度(HV)与母材相比提高了22%。在搅拌头旋转速度600r/min、焊接速度70mm/min下,接头的拉伸强度最高,达到412MPa。     

镁/铝异种金属填充式摩擦点焊接头特性

采用填充式摩擦点焊技术对镁/铝异种金属进行工艺试验,并对点焊接头的力学性能和微观组织进行分析.结果表明,当采用合理的搭接接头设计和工艺参数进行镁/铝异种金属摩擦点焊时,可获得表面平整、抗剪切能力强的焊点,其焊点剪切力可达1865 N.组织分析发现,在焊核与镁母材之间的竖直界面处易出现少量的孔洞、微裂纹等缺陷,接头的断裂正发生在该区;而在镁/铝之间的水平界面结合良好,存在一定厚度的界面层组织,且该界面层组织的硬度要比两侧母材的硬度明显高很多,这与摩擦点焊过程中脆硬相的金属间化合物的形成有关.