住房城乡建设部发布国家标准《建筑设计防火规范》

现批准《建筑设计防火规范》为国家标准,编号为GB50016—2014,自2015年5月1日起实施。其中,第3．2．2、3．2．3、3．2i4、3．2．7、3．2．9、3．2．15、3．3．1,3．3．2、3．3．4、3．3．5、3．3．6（2）、3．3．8、3．3．9、3．4．1、3．4．2、3．4．4、3．4．9、3．5．1、3．5．2、3．6．2、3．6．6、     

新版《地下工程防水技术规范》对防水涂料的要求

经中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部第172号公告批准,《地下工程防水技术规范》（GB50108-2008）为新的国家标准。该标准于2009年4月1日起实、施。其中,第3．1．4、3．2．1、3．2．2、4．1．22、4．1．26、（1．2）、5．1．3条（款）为强制性条文,必须严格执行。     

B.t.β-环糊精包合物的制备及其杀虫效果

制备出苏云金芽孢杆菌（B．t．）β-环糊精包合物,并对包合物进行了差热分析,证明B．t．原粉被β-环糊精包合。室内生物活性测定结果表明,当B．t．原粉与β-环糊精质量比为0．5：2时,包合物对棉铃虫2龄幼虫的杀虫活性最高,确定包合物中B．t．原粉与肛环糊精的最佳质量比为0．5：2。盆栽药效试验结果表明,当B．t．原粉制成环糊精包合物后,与B．t．原粉和B．t．制剂相比,对小菜蛾的防效明显提高。药剂处理后1、3、7d,B．t．环糊精包合物对小菜蛾的防效分别为41．67％、61．54％和60．00％,而B．t．原粉和制剂的防效分别为23．61％、38．46％、32．00％和31．94％、52．31％、46．00％。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中的铅、镍、铜

应用微波消解和火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中的铅、镍、铜。考察了土壤的最佳微波消解条件,样品用HNO3-HCl04-HF混合酸经微波消解后,溶解时间由原来的3～5h缩短到3min。以原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中铅、镍、铜。铅、镍、铜的测定波长分别为283．3、232．0、324．8nm;检出限分剐为0．0005、0．0004、0．0001μg／mL;工作曲线的线性范围为0．002～30．00μg／mL,0．001～50．00μg／mL,0．001～6．00μg／mL。方法用于土壤样品的分析,铅、镍、铜的相对标准偏差分别小于0．31％、1．52％、3．29％,回收率在98．00％～102．00％。     

分光光度法测定破布叶中总黄酮

利用分光光度法测定了破布叶的叶、茎、果中的总黄酮含量,结果表明,破布叶叶、茎、果中的总黄酮质量分数分别为16．94％、5．15％和1．52％。回归方程为A=11．4486C-0．00543,r=0．9996。叶、茎、果的平均加标回收率分别为102．3％、97．6％和92．6％,RSD依次为1．01％、1．94％和2．76％(n=5)。本法操作简便、可行、重现性好。     

25％福美双·克百威·萎锈灵悬浮种衣剂液相色谱分析

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以C18为固定相,甲醇＋水为流动相,用紫外检测器定量测定混荆中福美双、克百威和萎锈灵的含量。本方法的变异系数分别为O．11％、0．01％、0．03％;标准偏差分剐为0．013、0．007、O．021;平均回收率分剐为99．35％、99．17％、99．60％;线性相关系数分别为0．9996、0．9989、O．9994。     

火焰原子吸收法连续测定肝素钙中的Ca,Na,Cu,Pb含量

研究了火焰原子吸收法连续测定肝素钙中的Ｃａ、Ｎａ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ的条件,并将其应用于产品的测定。结果表明,该法的精密度及准确度均较高,测定Ｃａ、Ｎａ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ的相对标准偏差分别为１．２％、２．５％、２．１％、１．７％,标准回收率分别为９７．８％～１０２．６％、９６．５％～１０３．９％、９８．５％～１０１．３％、９８．７％～１０２．１％,可用于肝素钙产品的质量检测     

乙氧磺隆可分散粒剂防除甘蔗田杂草试验简报

试验了15％乙氧磺隆可分散粒剂防除甘蔗田杂草的效果,并观察了其对甘蔗的安全性。结果显示,15％L氧磺隆可分散粒剂6．75～15．75g（a．i）·hm^-2。对日本草、胜红蓟、小飞蓬、香附子等杂草的株防效分别为87．29％～97．16％、89．68％～98．75％、85．53％～95．47％及91．20％。99．73％,鲜重防效为89．62％～98．19％、88．76％～98．17％、87．38％～94．60％及92．30％～99．82％。经观察,该产品对甘蔗安全。     

HPLC法测定大黄提取物中芦荟大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的含量

建立了同时测定大黄提取物中芦荟大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚含量的HPLC方法。色谱条件：色谱柱为Prontosi]-C18-ace-Eps（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）,流动相为甲醇-水（90：10,体积比）,流速1．0mL·rain-1,检测波长254am,柱温25℃,进样量20pL。结果表明,芦荟大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚分别在1．3～10．4μg·mL-1、1．3～6．5μg·μL-1。、3．O～12．0μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,R2分别为0．9997、0．9999、0．9992,平均加标回收率分别为115．5％、98．1％、99．9％。该方法操作简单、结果准确、灵敏度高,可用于大黄提取物的质量控制。     

Penman牌派克黑墨水染料分析

用纸色谱、薄层色谱法鉴定出Penman牌派克黑墨水中含有5种染料：亮黑（Brilliant Black,C．I．28440,C．I．FoodBlack1）、亮蓝（Brilliant Blue,C．I．42090,C．1．Food Blue 1）、坚牢黄（Fast Yellow,C．I．13015,c．I．Food Yellow2）、日落黄（Sunset Yellow,C．I．15985,C．I．FoodYellow5）及紫6B（Acid Violet 6B,c．I．42640,C．I．FoodViolet2）,采用紫外可见分光光度法测定并计算了其含量。     

Herd concentration areas create greenhouse gas hotspots

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems - Herd concentration areas (HCAs) (e.g. laneways, water troughs, shaded areas), where cattle spend a larger proportion of their time relative to other farm areas,...     

Spatial and sectorial disaggregation of N2O emissions from agriculture in Belgium

In this study N₂O emissions from agriculture in Belgium have been split up per agro-pedological region and calculated per farm type. The N₂O emissions were calculated according to the `Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories'. Input data were weighed averages of the N balance of a large number of farms per agro-pedological region and per farm type. As such, the input data represent a theoretical farm in each agro-pedological region and for each distinguished farm type. In a first part, N₂O emissions were calculated for 10 agro-pedological regions in Belgium. The yearly N₂O emissions varied between 225 and 462 kg N₂O-N. The highest N₂O emissions (around 400 kg N₂O-N yr⁻¹) were found in regions with fertile soils, dominated by crop production or a combination of crop production and cattle breeding. The lowest emissions (around 250 kg N₂O-N yr⁻¹) were found in regions with extensive cattle breeding. N₂O emissions of 300 ± 15 kg N₂O-N yr⁻¹ were found in regions with less extensive cattle breeding or in regions with combinations of cattle, pig and poultry breeding. The N₂O emission per ha varied between 6 and 14 kg N₂O-N yr⁻¹. In a second part, N₂O emissions were calculated for 12 different farm types. The yearly N₂O emissions varied between 273 and 512 kg N₂O-N. The highest emissions were found on farms with crop production or a combination of crop production and cattle breeding. The lowest emissions were found on farms specialised in only one activity of animal breeding. Specialised pig farms and farms with combinations of cattle caused the greatest threat with respect to N₂O releases from agriculture. Their N₂O emission per ha was 18–40 kg N₂O-N yr⁻¹, which was significantly higher than the average N₂O release (10 kg N₂O-N yr⁻¹ ha⁻¹) for the other farm types. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

SBR-絮凝法在养牛场废水处理中的应用

采用SBR-絮凝工艺对养牛场废水进行处理。研究了曝气时间、沉淀时间、污泥浓度等因素对SBR处理效果的影响;确定了絮凝处理阶段最佳絮凝剂用量。结果表明：在SBR阶段,曝气时间为6h,沉淀时间为60min,污泥浓度为2500mg／L左右时,COD去除率达80％以上;进水COD在500～2500mg／L之间变化时,SBR系统运行稳定;以质量浓度为3％的聚合AlCl3作为絮凝剂进行絮凝,出水COD、色度大幅降低,最终出水达排放标准。     

The prospects for integrated nutrient management for sustainable rainfed lowland rice production in Sukumaland, Tanzania

The possibilities of integrated nutrient management for sustainable ricecultivation are investigated for rainfed, lowland rice in Sukumaland,northwestern Tanzania. Typical, hardpan rice soils in Sukumaland have ratherlowlevels of organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus, and a low tomedium amount of exchangeable potassium. Consumption of mineral fertilizers inrice is, however, very low due to availability problems and sharply increasedprices of fertilizers. Use of locally available resources for soil fertilityimprovement is hampered by the additional inputs of farm household labourinvolved. High labour inputs per hectare without increases in capital inputslead to lower marginal and average products per hour of labour. Furthermore, insemi-arid Sukumaland biomass production of green manures is seriouslyrestrictedby climate. The amount of kraal cattle manure is insufficient and half thehouseholds have no easy access to it. Using rice straw as cattle feed andthatching material has priority over soil fertility improvement. Some farmersindicate that at present there is not yet an urgent need for improvedintegratednutrient management in Sukumaland rice cultivation. Adoption of integratednutrient management based technologies depends on conducive socio-economic,agro-ecological and public policy circumstances. Farmer investment in learningand a favourable policy environment are thus no guarantee for worldwideadoptionof these technologies by farm households.     

农作物主要营养元素之—─—硫肥

介绍了国内外硫肥的开发和应用状况，指出了要大幅度提高农作物产量，农作物必需补充可直接吸收的硫肥。     

复膜尿素的应用效果

介绍复配微量元素复膜尿素的田间增产效果及相关生理试验结果，镇海炼化公司研制开发的复膜尿素能有效调节作物生长，提高作物产出，改善作物品质。     

Decontamination of corn containing aflatoxin by treatment with ammonia

Corn containing aflatoxin can be effectively decontaminated by treatment with gaseous ammonia at atmospheric pressure. Preliminary studies were made of the effect of ammonia level, corn moisture, temperature, and time on the aflatoxin level. Ammonia tolerance tests were carried out on laying hens as were acceptance tests by swine. Toxicity feeding trials with ducklings, broiler chicks, and trout confirmed that the process inactivates the aflatoxin. The process was then applied under farm scale conditions to produce materials for feeding trials with swine, poultry, and cattle under FDA protocols. The process can reduce aflatoxin levels from 1000 parts per billion (ppb) to within the FDA action level of 20 ppb.     

Balanced pasture fertilization in the Basque Country: I. Phosphorus and potassium budgets on dairy farms

Dairy farming is the main agricultural activity of the Basque Country. A dairy farm is characterized as a system with soils and crops, forage, cattle and manure as main components, and in such a system, nutrient cycling is very important to maintain soil fertility and optimize forage production. To quantify nutrient transfers in the cycle, a simple system was developed and has been applied to seventeen farms to examine its ability to achieve a balanced P and K fertilization. These farms have provided data on inputs (fertilizer, feeds, concentrates), pasture and manure management, and outputs (milk production), and soil samples have been taken from farm pastures. Phosphorus and K in excreta and uneaten pasture is used with a relatively high efficiency as suggested by the relatively high efficiency of P and K utilization by the pasture that usually ranges from 70 to 90%. Concentrate feeding (3000 kg cow^–1 yr^–1) represents one of the main P and K inputs in Basque Country dairy farms, averaging 26 and 66 kg ha^–1, respectively. Besides, release of K in the soil through slow liberation from non-exchangeable sites was estimated as 30 kg ha^–1. Thus, a high efficiency in excreta recycling would diminish substantially P and K mineral fertilizer needs. Farm nutrient budgets appear to be a convenient tool for determining nutrient shortages and surpluses at farm level, and thus they are considered as a first step to support a better management of maintenance fertilization of permanent pastures.     

Evaluating the potential of dietary crude protein manipulation in reducing ammonia emissions from cattle and pig manure: A meta-analysis

Dietary manipulation of animal diets by reducing crude protein (CP) intake is a strategic NH₃ abatement option as it reduces the overall nitrogen input at the very beginning of the manure management chain. This study presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of scientific literature on NH₃ reductions following a reduction of CP in cattle and pig diets. Results indicate higher mean NH₃ reductions of 17 ± 6% per %-point CP reduction for cattle as compared to 11 ± 6% for pigs. Variability in NH₃ emission reduction estimates reported for different manure management stages and pig categories did not indicate a significant influence. Statistically significant relationships exist between CP reduction, NH₃ emissions and total ammoniacal nitrogen content in manure for both pigs and cattle, with cattle revealing higher NH₃ reductions and a clearer trend in relationships. This is attributed to the greater attention given to feed optimization in pigs relative to cattle and also due to the specific physiology of ruminants to efficiently recycle nitrogen in situations of low protein intake. The higher NH₃ reductions in cattle highlights the opportunity to extend concepts of feed optimization from pigs and poultry to cattle production systems to further reduce NH₃ emissions from livestock manure. The results presented help to accurately quantify the effects of NH₃ abatement following reduced CP levels in animal diets distinguishing between animal types and other physiological factors. This is useful in the development of emission factors associated with reduced CP as an NH₃ abatement option.