纳米化组织处理对锆合金氧化过程中ZrO2晶格常数变化的影响

研究了纳米结构锆合金氧化过程中ZrO2晶格常数的变化.结果表明,氧化过程中,纳米组织合金基底上形成的ZrO2晶格常数变化与普通粗晶基底上形成的ZrO2晶格常数变化有显著不同.纳米组织合金基底上形成的t-ZrO2,晶胞体积在氧化过程中不断缩小,由t-ZrO2转变形成的m-ZrO2晶胞体积也在不断减小;而普通粗晶基底上形成的t-ZrO2晶胞体积减小时,转变形成的m-ZrO2晶胞体积却在不断膨胀.对此并进行了分析讨论.     

基于热力学函数的纳米晶粒长大Cellular Automaton仿真研究

基于纳米晶热力学特性表征函数,将纳米晶热力学性质对晶界迁移的影响引入Cellular Automaton算法,对纳米晶粒长大行为进行了定量化和可视化的仿真研究.模拟结果表明,纳米晶粒长大的动力学与传统粗晶材料不同,在恒温条件下,纳米晶粒的长大指数n不是常数(传统粗晶材料的晶粒长大指数n=2为常数),随纳米晶粒长大过程的进行,n值从1.70至6.59发生变化.作为纳米晶粒长大的驱动力,纳米晶界的过剩自由能与纳米晶粒尺寸的变化直接相关.由于纳米晶材料强烈的小尺寸效应,纳米晶组织的热力学性质较大地影响纳米晶界的结构和能量状态,从而影响纳米晶粒长大的动力学特征.因此,只有结合纳米晶热力学特性的仿真研究才能获得对纳米晶粒长大行为本质性的认识.     

纳米碳化钨粉的制备及其热稳定性研究

采用固定床化学气相法存800℃碳化纳米α-W粉体制备成功晶粒尺寸为15nm左右的纳米WC粉体。用XRD分析测量了不同退火温度下纳米WC的晶粒尺寸。结果表明，随着退火温度升高，纳米WC粉体的晶粒尺寸随之增大，从原始晶粒尺寸15nm长大到1500℃时的47nm。同时在不同升温速率下测量纳米WC粉体的DSC曲线，并由Kissinger方程求得其晶粒长大激活能为3．494eV。     

金属纳米晶粉体材料中的不连续晶粒长大

采用高能球磨法制备了Co纳米晶粉体,平均晶粒尺寸为(17±3)nm.设计了一系列宽温度范围的退火实验,考察纯Co纳米晶粉体的晶粒长大行为.实验发现,低温区和高温区的晶粒长大动力学有明显差异,而在中温区出现不连续晶粒长大特征.高分辨透射电镜观测表明:在低温区,纳米晶中存在较大比例的小角度纳米晶界,而在高温区则基本为典型的大角度晶界.结合纳米晶热力学计算和DSC分析,认为纳米晶粒在中温区的突发迅速长大是由残余储存能作为附加驱动力激发的动力学过程,其主导机制是通过相邻小角度位向差的纳米晶粒的转动而实现晶粒快速粗化.     

纳米晶Co_(78)Ni_(22)合金热稳定性

采用DSC、XRD和TEM等手段研究了喷射电沉积制备的5.1 nm纳米晶Co78Ni22合金的热稳定性,并对其热力学参数进行了分析与计算。结果表明,该纳米Co-Ni合金具有良好的热稳定性,以10℃/min加热时的DSC放热峰值对应温度为389.9℃,放热焓为14.26 J·g-1,晶粒长大激活能为269.1 kJ·mol-1。在加热过程中,温度为340℃时,合金晶粒尺寸急剧长大,同时ε相向α相转变,相变的结束温度约为370℃,高温形成的α相在随后冷却中不发生转变。DSC测定的晶粒长大为相变结束后的α相晶粒长大,其激活能与自扩散激活能相近,因此晶粒长大由晶内扩散控制。     

纳米LaF3块体的制备及其热稳定性研究

采用水溶液沉淀法成功制备了晶粒尺寸约为16．7nm的纳米LaF3粉体。采用真空（10^-4Pa）压结法（1GPa）制成纳米LaF3块体。用XRD分析测试了不同退火温度下纳米LaF3块体的晶粒尺寸。结果表明，随着退火温度的升高，纳米LaF3块体的晶粒尺寸增大，从原始晶粒尺寸16．7nm长大到900℃时的92．6nm。同时在不同升温速率下测量纳米LaF3块体的DSC曲线，并由Kissinger方程求得其晶粒长大激活能为2．01eV。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金超塑性变形中的组织演变及变形机制

920℃、应变速率为1×10.3和2×10.4 s.1时,对不同初始晶粒尺寸(2.6、6.5和16.2 μm)的Ti-6Al-4V合金进行超塑性拉伸变形.采用光学显微镜、透射电镜观察变形后的显微组织.结果表明,初始晶粒尺寸的不同对超塑性变形中的组织演变及变形机制有着显著的影响.拉伸变形中晶粒明显粗化,变形诱发晶粒长大是超塑性变形组织的重要特征之一;随着变形程度的增大,应变诱发的晶粒长大显著增大,并且远大于静态长大的增幅.对于细晶粒材料(2.6和6.5 μm),位错运动协调的界面滑动是其变形的主要机制.而对于晶粒较粗的材料(16.2 μm),超塑变形机制是晶界滑动与晶内位错运动的共同作用.随着晶粒尺寸的增大,以晶界滑动为主的变形方式逐渐转向以晶内位错运动为主.     

钴含量对电沉积纳米晶镍钴合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用脉冲电沉积技术制备钴含量在2.4%～59.3%范围内的镍钴合金.利用XRD与TEM技术对纳米晶镍钴合金的组织结构进行表征.结果表明:所有成分的纳米晶镍钴合金均为面心立方结构的单相固溶体,平均晶粒尺寸为11～24 nm,且平均晶粒尺寸随钴含量的增加而减小,镍钴合金镀态下TEM组织中观察到的晶粒尺寸与XRD测量结果一致;纳米晶镍钴合金抗拉强度为1 300～1 650 MPa,断裂伸长率为10.5%～14.5%,镍钴合金的抗拉强度与断裂伸长率均随钴含量的增加而提高;随着钴含量的不断增加,镍钴合金在单向拉伸过程中的应力诱发晶粒长大被逐渐抑制,提高加工硬化率,塑性失稳被延迟,从而提高塑性.     

电沉积宽晶粒尺寸分布纳米镍的拉伸变形组织与变形行为

选用直流电沉积制备平均晶粒尺寸为27.2 nm,宽晶粒尺寸分布(5～120 nm)的纳米镍(简称宽晶纳米镍),在室温采用拉伸应变速率(ζ)突变法测量其应变速率敏感指数(m).发现m随的减小而增加,特别在小于2×10-5s-1时,m快速增加,m在=5×10-6s-1时达到0.054,表明塑性变形过程中晶界扩散、晶界滑移很可能被激活.在室温进行循环加载-卸载拉伸测试,结果表明宽晶纳米镍晶内存储位错的能力十分有限,当拉伸应力达到1052 MPa,应变为7.8%时,晶内位错密度达到饱和.通过对拉伸断口附近的TEM观察,证实宽晶纳米镍在塑性变形过程中存在显著的类似粗晶中的晶内位错滑移.     

不同初始组织的3D晶粒长大仿真及其准稳态分布研究

设计了晶粒尺寸分别呈β=2.96与β=3.47的Weibull分布的2种3D初始晶粒组织,采用Pons模型Monte Carlo改进算法进行了界面曲率驱动的3D晶粒长大过程的仿真研究.晶粒仿真长大过程遵循抛物线长大规律,且晶粒生长指数非常接近于理论值0.5.仿真结果表明:源于2种初始组织所得准稳态晶粒尺寸均趋于β=2.80±0.03的同种Weibull分布,准稳态晶粒面数则均呈对数正态分布.进一步分析发现,刘国权及其合作者近年来基于不同长大速率理论模型导出的两类3D准稳态晶粒尺寸分布函数与本文仿真实验所得数据相互吻合.     

Ag/TiO_2纳米复合材料的制备及结构研究

首先采用化学氧化在块体Ti表面制备出多孔纳米TiO2,随后通过高能离子束轰击实现Ag纳米粒子在TiO2表面的有效固定,最终在Ti表面制备出Ag/TiO2纳米复合材料。采用XRD、SEM及TEM手段对其进行了结构表征。结果表明,化学氧化法可制备出多孔纳米TiO2,其晶粒尺寸为10 nm左右;通过调节高能Ar离子束轰击的时间,可对TiO2晶粒尺寸进行小范围有效控制。     

Oxidation resistance of nanocrystalline vis-à-vis microcrystalline Fe-Cr alloys

This paper investigates the hypothesis that nanocrystalline structure may confer considerable oxidation resistance to iron-chromium alloys at much lower chromium contents. Discs of nanocrystalline Fe-10%Cr alloy were produced by ball milling of Fe and Cr powders and compaction of the powder without considerable grain growth (by processing within a suitable time-temperature window). Corrosion resistance of discs of nanocrystalline and microcrystalline alloys was compared by subjecting them to oxidation in air and post-oxidation characterisation of the oxide scales by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Nanocrystalline Fe-10%Cr alloy showed considerably greater oxidation resistance than the microcrystalline alloy of the same composition. Chromium content of the inner scale formed over the nanocrystalline alloy was detected to be nearly five times greater than that in the case of microcrystalline alloy, facilitating formation of the passive layer and providing an explanation for the greater oxidation of the former.     

Thermal stability of nanocrystalline layer prepared by surface mechanical attrition in 0Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel

By means of surface mechanical attrition (SMA), a nanostructured surface layer was formed on a 0Cr18Ni9Ti austenite stainless steel plate. A strain-induced martensite transformation was observed during SMA treatment, and a single magnetic martensite phase layer with thickness of about 30 μm was gotten. The grain growth and phase transformations in the nanocrystalline layer are investigated during heating. The grain growth exponent for nanocrystalline polycrystalline steel is estimated. The kinetics mechanism governing the grain growth in the nanocrystalline layer is discussed. The martensite in the surface layer is quite stable and the temperature at which the reverse transformation of martensite to austenite starts during heating is about 500 ℃.     

Formation mechanism of intragranular structure in nano-composites

The effect of sintering process and ZrO2 contents on formation of intragranular ZrO2 in Al2O3 matrix was investigated with α-Al2O3 micro-powders and ZrO2 nano-powders as original materials. It is found that the secondphase particles coalesce with the growth of matrix grains during sintering. The process conditions that benefit the growth of matrix grains benefit the formation of intragrains. The formation procedure of intragrains could be described as follows. At first, the particles are driven to agglomerate during densification of the matrix. Some particles move along with the migration of the matrix grain boundaries and tend to further gather， then become intergrains. Those gripped between the matrix grain boundaries become intragrains during the growth of matrix grains.     

An experimental study of the sintering of nanocrystalline WC–Co powders

Since nanocrystalline WC–Co powder was produced over a decade ago, the sintering of nanocrystalline powders remains a technological challenge. The goal of sintering nanocrystalline powders is not only to achieve full densification but also to retain nanocrystalline grain sizes. This is difficult because of rapid grain growth at high temperatures. Previous studies on the sintering of nanocrystalline WC–Co have shown that grains grow rapidly during the early stage of sintering. But there are few studies on the mechanisms of grain growth and densification during this stage. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on grain growth and densification of nanocrystalline WC–Co powders during heat-up at equilibrium solid-state temperatures. The results have shown that nanocrystalline WC grains grow rapidly during this period concurrently with rapid densification. The rapid densification and grain growth are partially attributed to the surface energy anisotropy of tungsten carbide. The effects of vanadium carbide on grain growth at solid state during heat-up are also discussed.     

Surface nanocrystallization of 310s stainless steel and its effect on oxidation behavior

Two techniques, unbalanced magnetron sputter deposition and high-energy short-pulsed plasma discharge, have been used to produce a nanocrystalline surface on AISI 310S stainless steel specimens. The average grain size after surface modification was estimated as ~100 nm by using atomic force microscopy. Cyclic oxidation was performed at 1000°C with treated and untreated 310S stainless steel specimens. The oxide products formed on the specimens consisted of an outer spinel layer that was rich in chromium, iron, manganese, and nickel, and an inner chromium-rich layer. It was found that the concentrations of iron and manganese in the outer layer of treated specimens were higher, and adherence of the scale was better in the treated specimens. The observed oxidation behavior can be explained by the increase of the creep diffusion rate in the fine oxide scale formed on the nanocrystalline surfaces.     

Mechanism of toughening and strengthening of Si3N4／SiC／ZrO2 nanocomposites

1　INTRODUCTIONInnumerousceramicmaterials ,Si3N4 ceramiciscalled“omnipotentchampion”.Itisnotonlyagoodconstructionmaterialappliedinhightemperature ,butalsoanewfunctionmaterial[1,2 ] .Withthedevel opmentofnanocomposites ,theapplicationinvestiga tionofnewtypeSi3N4 ceramicconstructionmaterialshasenteredanewage .Ithasvastappliedperspec tive[39] .ButthelowtoughnessistheobstacleoftheapplicationofSi3N4 ceramicmaterials ,sohowtoim provethetoughnessofSi3N4 ceramicmaterialsisanurgentproblem .T…     

稀土La在纳米晶（W, Ni, Fe, La）复合粉末烧结过程中的作用机理

采用溶胶-喷雾干燥法制备纳米晶(W,Ni,Fe,La)复合粉末,研究了粉末在烧结过程中La对抑制鼓泡和晶粒长大的作用机理,通过XRD与SEM分析了La在烧结过程中的相转变规律和在合金中的存在形式,讨论了稀土La对合金液相烧结过程中扩散的影响。结果表明:稀土La在纳米复合粉末中主要以La2WO6与La4W2O15的形式存在。经液相烧结后,稀土La主要以二次相颗粒的形式分布于粘结相中,生成高温下能稳定存在的La4W2O15相,该相对杂质元素Ca、O具有很好的亲和力,起到晶界净化和晶内净化的作用。同时二次相颗粒存在于粘结相中,抑制了W在粘结相中的扩散,降低了W在粘结相中的溶解度,使得液相烧结溶解-析出过程减慢,从而抑制液相烧结阶段的晶粒长大和鼓泡现象。     

Effects of ZrO2 on the structure and magnetic properties of CoPt thin films

[CoPt 1.5 ml/ZrO2 xnm]10 multilayer films were deposited on glass substrates by magnetron sputtering and then annealed in vacuum at 600℃ for 30 min. Their structures and magnetic properties were investigated as a function of ZrO2 content. The results show that the grain size and coercivity first increase and then decrease with the increase in ZrO2 content. The maximum coercivity and grain size are obtained at 37 vol.% of ZrO2. The content of ZrO2 in the film plays an important role in the separation of CoPt grains and in the reduction of intergrain exchange interaction. On the basis of the studies of angular dependent coercivity, it is found that the magnetization reversal of CoPt films with （111 ） texture is different from either the domain wall motion or the S-W type of rotation mode.