高效反浮选捕收剂的合成与应用

针对传统脂肪酸捕收剂选择性差、常温下分散性和溶解性差的问题,以工业棉籽油酸为原料,经高温高压使脂肪酸的双键水解而引入羟基活性基团,进一步与助剂按比例复配得到一种高效反浮选捕收剂HY.将其用于宜昌某高镁磷矿的浮选试验,经一反一扫简单浮选工艺流程获得了精矿五氧化二磷品位34.59%,五氧化二磷回收率96.46%,氧化镁品位0.28%的良好浮选选指标,氧化镁脱除率高达95%,各指标优于公开招标各项指标要求,且浮选在常温下进行,药剂用量仅0.84kg/t.表明反选捕收剂HY具有良好的浮选性能,其化学修饰改性改善了捕收剂的常温溶解性同时增强了其对钙离子、镁离子的选择性.     

湖北宜化集团殷家坪磷矿双反浮选工艺的研究

针对湖北宜化殷家坪低品位难选硅镁质磷矿,采用阴离子捕收剂MG-7反浮选脱镁—沉降脱泥—阳离子捕收剂T609反浮选脱硅工艺. 在脱硅之前预先脱泥,同时消泡剂TOP和捕收剂T-609搭配使用,解决了阳离子反浮选脱硅过程中泡沫过稳定的难题. 获得品位为33.04%,回收率为69.50%的浮选精矿. 将分离的矿泥并入精矿,混合后精矿品位为30.56%,回收率为78.68%. 相比于传统的正浮选工艺,此工艺不需加温有效地降低了选矿的成本.     

云南会泽高镁中低品位胶磷矿单一反浮选

为了降低云南会泽高镁中低品位磷矿的氧化镁的含量,提高五氧化二磷的品位,采用全硫酸一粗一扫的单一反浮选工艺对云南会泽高镁中低品位磷矿进行了试验.在原矿五氧化二磷的品位为23.71％,最佳磨矿细度为-0.074 mm 88.2％的条件下,以硫酸作为pH调整剂和抑制剂（不需要添加磷酸等其他的抑制剂）,以改性的棉籽油脂肪酸皂为捕收剂,进行浮选试验.结果表明：在粗选硫酸用量为10 kg/t,扫选硫酸用量为6 kg/t,捕收剂TSM-2用量分段加药,第一段粗选添加1.2 kg/t,第二段为0.3 kg/t时,获得精矿五氧化二磷品位为30.09％,回收率达到86.53％,氧化锰由原矿的4.55％降至精矿的0.78％,脱镁率为88.13％的较好指标.为云南会泽磷矿的利用开辟了新途径.     

我国钢铁发展对铁矿石选矿科技发展的影响

分析了我国钢铁快速增长情况下国产铁矿石生产和进口铁矿石的比例增长情况。对我国磁铁矿石提铁降硅选矿工艺和阴离子反浮选、强磁选———细筛、磁化焙烧等难选红铁矿选矿关键技术应用现状进行了分析,对选矿设备的发展动态进行了探讨,并展望了闪速磁化焙烧等复杂难选铁矿选矿技术发展前景,提出了急待解决的高效细磨设备、耐磨防堵的细筛网、磁化焙烧新装备、反浮选浮选柱、新型磁化率计、磁铁矿阳离子反浮选药剂的研究等重要问题。     

胶磷矿浮选技术的改进

胶磷矿浮选过程选择性差的根本原因,是由于矿物组分尤其镁离子的溶解,造成矿物表面性质相互转化和捕收剂皂盐在矿物表面无选择性沉积. 通过控制浮选条件和药剂制度,尽可能避免捕收剂和溶解组份在矿物表面无选择性吸附或沉积,是选择性调控胶磷矿浮选性质的重要手段. 此外,采用机柱联合浮选装置来改善胶磷矿的浮选分离环境,对提高其浮选效率也非常重要. 实验表明:对原矿含五氧化二磷22.16%、氧化镁3.15%、二氧化硅25.41%的湖北远安磷矿石,通过采取以上改进措施,采用简单的单一浮选工艺,可获得磷精矿五氧化二磷品位＞30%、回收率＞80%和氧化镁品位1%左右的分选指标     

胶磷矿不同磨矿细度单体解离度测定及其浮选应用

通过测定胶磷矿在不同磨矿细度下的单体解离度,来计算磷矿的理论最大回收率,进而通过比较实际回收率与理论最大回收率来判定浮选指标的优劣.利用偏光显微镜观测,采用过尺线测法,在磨矿细度-0.076mm含量分别占84.23%、88.71%、92.74%和95.16%的条件下,测定了磷块岩中有用矿物(胶磷矿)和脉石矿物(白云石、石英)的单体解离度.据此计算获得了对应磨矿细度下胶磷矿的理论最大回收率,分别为95.11%、95.71%、96.70%和96.72%.初步浮选试验显示磨矿细度在-0.076mm占88.71%时较为适宜,浮选脱镁率为88.76%,磷精矿实际回收率为87.54%.在此磨矿细度下,通过优化浮选工艺流程及药剂制度,浮选磷精矿实际回收率可达91.24%,精矿中磷酸盐矿物的回收率可达95.33%,说明通过测定胶磷矿的单体解离度来优化指标是可行的.     

Improved recovery of a low-grade refractory gold ore using flotation–preoxidation–cyanidation methods

In this work, different flotation–preoxidation–cyanidation methods are considered for treating a low-grade refractory gold ore. On the one hand, the results of selective flotation show that 22% and 31.1% of total Sb and As, respectively, remained in the final tailings and only about 28% of the total Au remained for further cyanidation processes. On the other hand, in bulk method of flotation the maximum Au recovery of 90.6% achieved after 60 min of flotation at the grind size with K80 of 146 micron. In addition, the bulk flotation method resulted in the concentrate with low concentrations of Sb and As elements. To improve the recovery of low-grade refractory gold ores, flotation should be followed by roasting, biological, or pressure oxidation processes so that the gold could be liberated prior to cyanidation processes. It is also found that the pressure oxidation pre-treatment of the concentrates prior to cyanidation may yield high gold recoveries of over than 83%. In these processes, recoveries are controlled by the temperature and the oxygen partial pressure in the solvent. However, by utilizing the bio-oxidation technique, the oxidation of sulfur to sulfate cannot be completed and, consequently, the gold recovery may be limited to only 72.2%.     

Two-step flotation recovery of iron concentrate from Donganshan carbonaceous iron ore

The flotation of pure and natural carbonaceous iron ore samples in the oleate flotation system was investigated. Starch can depress hematite effectively in a wide pH range, but cannot depress siderite efficiently in neutral conditions. The flotation recovery of pure hematite, siderite, and quartz in the oleate-starch-CaCl₂ system is significantly different when the slurry pH varies from 4 to 12. A novel two-step flotation process was developed for the separation of iron concentrate from Donganshan carbonaceous iron ore through which the siderite concentrate is first recovered and the high quality hematite concentrates with relative high iron recovery can be obtained in the second step flotation. The siderite concentrate may be utilized directly or undergo further concentration steps to increase iron grade.     

细粒难选锐钛矿浮选试验研究

对TiO2品位为10.97%的某细粒复杂难选锐钛矿进行浮选试验研究.研究表明,试样磨矿细度为-0.043 mm占85.96%时,以碳酸钠将pH调至8.5,粗选采用羧甲基纤维素和氟硅酸钠为组合抑制剂,精选采用硫酸铝和淀粉为组合抑制剂,用乙酸铅作活化剂,用苄基胂酸和羟肟酸钠作组合捕收剂,经两次粗选、三次精选的浮选工艺,可得到产率为28.51%、TiO2品位为30.91%、回收率为80.32%的锐钛矿精矿,初步实现了细粒难选锐钛矿的选矿富集,为该矿的进一步深入研究及开发奠定了一定的基础,同时为伴生的V、Cr、Co等稀土元素的综合回收利用提供了一定的参考.研究结果表明：①锐钛矿的可浮性与金红石相似,Pb2＋离子同样是锐钛矿浮选的有效活化剂;②对嵌布粒度细、矿物组成复杂的难选矿,药剂的组合使用是使目的矿物以连生体的形式浮选富集的有效手段.     

中低品位硅钙质磷矿石双反浮选的探索试验

贵州某磷矿石P₂O₅ 、SiO₂和MgO质量分数（w）分别为19.12%、24.18%和2.28%,属于中低品位硅钙质磷矿石. 采用胺类捕收剂AY和脂肪酸类捕收剂GJBW对该磷矿石进行浮选,考察磨矿细度和药剂制度对浮选的影响. 初步试验结果表明:采用双反浮选工艺,即粗选脱硅,扫选和精选同时脱硅、脱镁的开路试验流程,获得了P₂O₅含量为26.65%的磷精矿. 但磷精矿中P₂O₅回收率仅为58.27%,有待开展浮选工艺和药剂的优化试验.     

Processing technologies for gold-telluride ores

Gold telluride ores are important gold refractory ores due to the presence of sulfides and other gangue materials.The classification and main physical properties of gold telluride ores were described,and possible treatment methods including flotation,leaching,and oxida-tion were reviewed.The results show that flotation procedures are much easier for gold tellurides compared to other refractory gold-bearing ores.For the conventional cyanide leaching process,pretreatment such as oxidation is required to achie...     

Characterization and processing of talc-magnesite from the Zinelbulak deposit

The characteristics of talc-magnesite from the Zinelbulak deposit(Uzbekistan)were investigated via X-ray diffraction,differential thermal analysis,infrared spectroscopy and optical microscopy.The mineralogical composition of the Zinelbulak talc-magnesite consists of 52 wt.% talc,43 wt.% carbonates and 5 wt.% of the iron-containing minerals magnetite,siderite and chlorite.Petrographic analysis confirmed the presence of carbonates in two forms: magnesite and breunnerite.Grindability tests revealed that talc and magnesite particles are completely separated after a grinding process carried out for 10～12 min.The distribution of the yield of talc and magnesite,as a function of the particle size,shows an irregular feature in that a comparatively coarser sample(>0.1 mm)is richer in magnesite and poor in talc while a comparatively finer sample(<0.1 mm)has a composition poorer in magnesite.The dressability of the Zinelbulak talc-magnesite was tested using conventional gravity concentration,flotation and electromagnetic separation.Gravity concentration was found to be the most economic initial process for the complete separation of magnesium carbonate and talc.Subsequent flotation and magnetic separation techniques could further increase the yield of high quality magnesite and talc.Refractory samples prepared by heating the separated magnesite at 1600 ℃ for 2 h met the State Standards for refractory materials.     

Flotation technology of refractory low-grade molybdenum ore

Because of the low grade, high oxidation rate and the accumulation of little associated metal sulfide ore in the molybdenum concentrate during flotation, the Qingyang molybdenum ore is difficult to beneficiate. The experimental studies of grinding fineness, the amount of roughing modifier, depressant and collector were completed. In the cleaning process, the contrast experiments of one regrinding, the regrinding and scrubbing, two-stage regrinding was carried. The result shows that the grade of molybdenum ore concentrate is 45.31%, the recovery is 65.98% and the rich ore ratio reaches 20.59% by the regrinding and scrubbing seven cleaning, the regrinding of concentrations from middling of molybdenum-sulfur separation. The regularly-concentrated material from the apparatus was as the middling products. Hence, ideal beneficiation index can be obtained with a rational mineral processing, which offers new beneficiating technology for the refractory low-grade molybdenum ore in China.     

难免离子对中低品位钙镁质磷矿石反浮选的影响

采用浮选试验,结合溶液化学计算、方差分析、扫描电镜和X射线荧光光谱分析等手段研究难免离子对中低品位钙镁质磷矿石反浮选的影响. 研究结果表明:矿浆中Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺会降低浮选磷精矿中P₂O₅含量而提高MgO含量,原因是Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺会沉淀捕收剂解离的RCOO^-,降低其有效浓度;SO₄^2-会降低磷精矿中P2O5回收率,其作用机理是由于SO₄²-能与Ca²⁺作用生成硫酸钙沉淀并覆盖在氟磷灰石和白云石表面,增强氟磷灰石的可浮性,导致氟磷灰石随白云石一起浮出;PO₄^3-对浮选影响较小;Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、SO₄^2-和PO₄^3-对磷精矿中SiO₂、Al₂O₃和Fe₂O₃含量影响较小. 由于Ca²⁺和SO₄^2-分别对磷精矿P₂O₅品位和P₂O₅回收率影响显著,因此在回水利用过程中需控制矿浆中Ca²⁺和SO₄^2-浓度,降低其对浮选的影响.     

降低高冰镍浮选精矿中铜镍互含的试验研究

在人工混合矿分离试验的基础上，对某高冰镍进行了浮选分离试验；以氢氧化钠作ＰＨ调整列，含钙氧化剂调节矿浆电位，丁黄药和乙黄药组合作捕收剂的药剂制度．浮选分离后获得了铜精矿含镍３．６５％，镍精矿含铜２．４１％，互含之和６．０６％的较佳结果．     

钙镁离子对云南磷矿浮选的影响及回水处理

以云南晋宁、安宁和昆阳磷矿为研究对象,在浮选过程中添加钙镁离子,通过回收率、品位的变化研究其对浮选效果的影响.试验结果表明,当加入的钙镁离子达到一定浓度后,对晋宁和安宁磷矿正浮选有不同程度的影响,而对昆阳磷矿单一反浮选影响不大.同时,晋宁和安宁磷矿正浮选尾矿水钙镁离子的测定结果表明,正浮选尾矿水中的钙镁离子浓度为45 mg/L时不足以影响正浮选过程,正浮选尾矿水可直接返回正浮选;当正反浮选废水混合回用,钙镁离子离子浓度超过100 mg/L时,需处理去除.     

The pulp electrochemistry of flotation separation for stibnite-arsenopyrite bulk concentrate

In the thermodynamics, for flotation separation of the Sb-As bulk concentrate system there is no potential extent using butyl xanthate as collector. However in the kinetics, there exists 150 mV in reducing potential of butyl dixanthogen on the surface of stibnite and arsenopyrite. In this paper, their reducing kinetic difference of electrochemistry was confirmed by pure mineral flotation under controlled potential, the artificial Sb-As bulk concentrate flotation separation and UV-spectrophotometic analysis. The electrochemical separation of Sb-As bulk concentrate has been carried out. qualified concentrate has been obtained. Sb-concentrate contains Sb 49.44 %, As 0.44 %, Sb-recovery is 87.83 % and As-concentrate contains As 10.96 %, As-recovery is 94.66 %. Synopsis of the first author Ou Leming, Doctoral student, born in May 1964, majoring in the flotation electrochemistry of sulphide minerals and the potential-control flotation column.     

钙硅质胶磷矿浮选工艺研究

针对湖北某中低品位钙硅质胶磷矿,分别进行单一反浮选、双反浮选和常温正反浮选工艺研究及药剂费用对比,结果表明：采用单一反浮选,可得到磷精矿P2O530.37%,MgO 0.36%,回收率88.38%的较好指标,且最为经济,每吨原矿药剂费用仅为15.28元;若希望精矿质量更好些,回收率更高些,建议采用双反浮选,可得到磷精矿P2O531.60%,MgO 0.43%,回收率90.63%的好指标,每吨原矿药剂费用为23.40元;正反浮选相对来说精矿质量一般、回收率较低、药剂费用较高、磨矿细度较细,指标分别为磷精矿P2O530.54%,MgO 0.70%,回收率84.62%,每吨原矿药剂费用为26.98元.     

云南海口中品位磷矿常温浮选试验

用正-反浮选流程以及高效浮选药剂处理云南海口中品位硅-钙质磷块岩类矿石，先后进行了试验室小试、1t／d扩大连续试验和100kt／a工业试验，获得优质磷精矿和满意的技术经济指标．工业试验的试验指标为磷精矿P20532．47％、MgO0．88％、Si0211．02％，产率61．02％、回收率为81．06％。     

Analysis of surface wettability of synthetic magnetite

Relative contact angle and heat of wetting can be used to provide a measurement of surface wettability of synthetic magnetite. The comparison between synthetic and natural magnetite in terms of surface wettability showed that, using the same kind of wetting liquid, the difference in the relative contact angle was 10° between the concentrate and tailings obtained from reverse fl otation of synthetic magnetite, while the difference was more than 20° between the concentrate and tailings obtained from reverse fl otation of natural magnetite. As for the concentrate and tailings from reverse fl otation of synthetic magnetite with water as wetting liquid, the relative ratio of their wetting heat was 106.21%. In comparison, the relative ratio of wetting heat was 176.59% for concentrate and tailings from reverse fl otation of natural magnetite, showing a 70.38% difference.