Isolation enhancement for dual‐band MIMO antenna system using multiple slots loading technique

In this paper, a novel multiple slot loading technique is studied in detail for the isolation enhancement of the dual‐band MIMO antenna system. The proposed MIMO antenna design consists of the microstrip patch loaded with T‐shaped slots parallel to the non‐radiating edge of the patch. The frequency tuning could be achieved by varying the length of the T‐shape slot arm. The proposed MIMO antenna system is optimised for operation in WLAN and WiMAX applications. The isolation enhancement is achieved by providing simple multiple slots loaded in the ground plane between radiating elements. The length of the slots is λ/4 . The system is fabricated and tested using a vector network analyser and anechoic chamber. The reduction in mutual coupling up to ?29.16 dB and ?24.09 dB for the 2.4 GHz and 3.4 GHz, respectively, is achieved. The bandwidths are 62.3 MHz (3.33–3.39 GHz) and 55.5 MHz (2.37–2.42 GHz), respectively. The total gain obtained in this case is 1.8 dBi at 2.4 GHz and 1.2 dBi at 3.4 GHz, respectively. The dimensions of the proposed designed antenna are 70 mm × 60 mm × 1.6 mm. The results were also verified through mutual coupling parameters like envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and channel capacity loss (CCL) at the desired frequencies.     

Design of Dual‐Band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation for WLAN Mobile Terminal

In this paper, we propose a dual‐band multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation for WLAN applications (2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz). The proposed antenna is composed of a mobile communication terminal board, eight radiators, a coaxial feed line, and slots for isolation. The measured ?10 dB impedance bandwidths are 10.1% (2.35 GHz to 2.6 GHz) and 3.85% (5.1 GHz to 5.3 GHz) at each frequency band. The proposed four‐element MIMO antenna has an isolation of better than 35 dB at 2.45 GHz and 45 dB at 5.2 GHz between each element. The antenna gain is 3.2 dBi at 2.45 GHz and 4.2 dBi at 5.2 GHz.     

Multi-Element Wideband Planar Antenna for Wireless Applications

A wideband, multi-standard MIMO antenna with hexagonal geometry and slot is proposed for DCS/PCS/LTE/UMTS applications while keeping the real time application at prime to provide high data rate, low latency, high capacity, non-line-of communication, and reliability with continuity. The designed prototype covers 1.64–2.50 GHz frequency band with percentage bandwidth of 41.55% and resonates at 2.1 GHz. The isolation of more than 10 dB is achieved in the 2:1 VSWR frequency band. The total bandwidth of the MIMO antenna is 860 MHz. The designed MIMO has peak gain of 5.4 dBi, ECC?<?0.06, radiation efficiency?>?88%, and total efficiency?>?71%. The TARC active bandwidth is 600 MHz with best excitation angles of 45°, 45° at ports. The hexagonal slot is used for the control of induced current for better isolation. The proposed MIMO antenna evaluates the SAR performance at resonant frequency for listening, holding, and watching positions, and is found under the required safety norms.

     

Design of novel compact eight-element lotus shaped UWB-MIMO antenna with triple-notch characteristics on hollow substrate

The design of novel compact two-element and eight-element lotus shaped multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system employing pattern diversity with enhanced isolation characteristics is presented. The proposed two-element antenna system is arranged rotationally on a square-hollow substrate resulting in an eight-element MIMO antenna system employing pattern diversity. The developed eight-element MIMO antenna system resonates in the frequency range 3.1 to 14.6 GHz housing the complete UWB band with triple band-notch characteristics at 3.7–4.5 GHz (C-band satellite down link [3.7–4.2 GHz]), 5.1–5.9 GHz (WLAN) and 6.8–8.25 GHz (X-band satellite down link (7.25–7.75 GHz) and up link (7.9–8.4 GHz)) bands. The antenna system gives element-to-element isolation of more than 25 dB in the majority of the operating band with a peak gain of 6.8 dBi and a maximum 90% efficiency. The important MIMO metrics like ECC (envelope correlation coefficient), DG (diversity gain), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), channel capacity losses (CCL) and MEG (mean effective gain) are presented for both two-element and eight-element to estimate the performance the proposed antennas in multi-antenna environments. The both two- and eight-element designs are fabricated and the measured results of those are well agreed with simulation results.     

MIMO antenna system of two closely-positioned PIFAs with high isolation

A two-PIFA antenna system for diversity/MIMO applications is designed with a narrow inter-PIFA spacing of only 3 mm (less than 0.024 wavelength). The proposed antenna system can cover the WLAN band (2.4-2.48 GHz) with an isolation of better than -20 dB and a maximum isolation of 237.1 dB at the central frequency. The mechanism is explained. The measured peak efficiency and gain, and the calculated envelope correlation coefficient are 75.02%, 3.48 dBi and 0.11, respectively.     

一种具有双缝隙结构的双频宽带MIMO天线

设计一种双频宽带多输入多输出(MIMO)天线。天线采用微带线耦合馈电,在天线的表面开有圆环形缝隙,把宽缝隙和窄缝隙结合到一起,因此在辐射体上同时存在2种缝隙结构;天线采用双面结构,带宽范围为1.7~2.33 GHz和3.2~3.9 GHz,2个频带的带宽分别为630 MHz和700 MHz,可用于移动通信的DCS(1 710~1 880 MHz)、PCS(1 850~1 990 MHz)、UMTS(1 920~2 170 MHz)以及WIMAX(3.3~3.6 GHz)。天线在低频段的最大增益为3.6 dB,在高频段的最大增益为5.1 dB,隔离度在-20 dB以下,符合MIMO天线的设计需求。     

Compact body-worn MIMO antenna with high port isolation for UWB applications

This article investigates the mutual coupling reduction of a compact two elements wearable ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. The ground plane of the proposed wearable MIMO antenna structure consists of three connected square ring-shaped stubs and two rectangular slots of narrow height. These ground stubs and slots minimize the mutual coupling effect between antennas and provide high isolation. The suggested MIMO antenna functions from the 1.87 to 13.82 GHz frequency spectrum covering WLAN (2.4–2.484 GHz), UWB (3.1–10.6 GHz), and X band (8–12 GHz) with 152.32% fractional bandwidth. It sustains port isolation above 27 dB throughout the 2 to 13.82 GHz frequency band. Inside the whole working frequency band, the suggested antenna offers a tiny envelope correlation coefficient (ECC < 0.098), greater diversity gain (DG > 9.93 dB), minimum channel capacity loss (CCL < 0.32 bits/s/Hz), and slight magnitude variation in mean effective gain of antenna ports (< 0.1 dB). The recommended antenna yields a SAR level below the designated threshold (<1.6 W/kg), affirming its suitability for body-worn applications. The designed MIMO antenna structure has an overall volume of 32 × 48 × 1.5 mm³.     

Cylindrical ring dielectric loaded horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna for wideband radiation

A wideband horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna with a cylindrical ring dielectric (CRD) loaded is proposed. Compared with the conventional alford-structure loop antenna (ASLA), the impedance and radiation pattern bandwidths are broadened by loading a CRD to the ASLA with two wing sections. The designed antenna is fabricated and measured, and good performance has been obtained. The measured reflection coefficient is less than −10 dB over the frequency band 1.63–2.8 GHz, i.e., 52.8%, which can cover 2G/3G/LTE band totally. The gain variation in all directions of horizontal plane is less than 1.4 dB in the whole band. The maximum gain is 1.56dBi throughout the operating band and it appears at 1.66 GHz. It is worth noting that the gain is around 1dBi and almost constant from 1.9 GHz to 2.7 GHz. Besides, the designed antenna has a compact size of 0.55λ × 0.55λ × 0.057λ, λ is for the lowest frequency of the operating band.     

用于MIMO基站双极化天线设计及阵元互耦分析

利用缝隙耦合技术和双线馈电技术设计出了一种H型缝隙耦合天线。其结构简单,制作容易,成本低廉,并具有高增益、高隔离、双极化的特性,非常适用做MIMO基站端天线。对天线进行了仿真和测试,测试结果与仿真结果吻合良好,在2.11~2.17 GHz所需频段内,实测两端口VSWR均小于1.2,实测水平极化增益为9.2 dBi、垂直极化增益为9.17 dBi、端口隔离度在频段内均低于-40 dB。分析了MIMO系统中天线阵元间的互耦作用,仿真得出基站天线阵最小阵元间距为d=0.86λ,从而为MIMO系统分析相关性提供了参考数据。     

集群通信与无线局域网多天线共口径设计

针对地面集群无线电通信800 MHz频段和无线局域网5 GHz频段, 融合共口径技术和多输入多输出技术设计了一种新颖四单元双模式天线, 该无线局域网天线采用双层微带结构结合多输入多输出技术, 实现高通信容量; 集群通信天线采用单层空气微带结构结合贴片耦合馈电技术, 并与无线局域网天线共口径设计, 实现多天线小型化.仿真和测试结果表明:集群通信天线(驻波比小于2)的阻抗带宽为806~866 MHz, 天线增益大于6 dBi; 无线局域网天线的阻抗带宽为4.9~6.1 GHz, 天线增益大于8 dBi; 各天线间的端口隔离度大于22 dB, 无线局域网天线的包络相关系数远小于0.01, 满足多输入多输出天线的分集要求.     

Dual Band Planar Spiral Feed Backed by a Stepped Ground Plane Cavity for Satellite Boresight Reference Antenna Applications

This paper presents development of a new planar spiral feed for a satellite boresight reference antenna, operating at two widely separated frequency bands (2200–2300 MHz and 8000–8400 MHz). A stepped ground plane cavity with different quarter wavelength distances is proposed to provide unidirectional patterns at these frequency bands. A back lobe suppression of around 12 dB in 2 GHz band and better than 15 dB in 8 GHz band with a measured on-axis axial ratio of less than 3 dB is achieved for the dual band planar spiral feed with stepped ground plane cavity configuration. A boresight reflector antenna employing this feed has measured beamwidths of 7 degrees and 1.8 degrees respectively and gain of 26 dBi and 36 dBi at 2250 MHz and 8200 MHz.      

一款面向5G微基站的双频双极化电磁偶极子天线的设计与分析

小型化是进行5G微基站天线设计的重要考虑因素,文中设计了一款适用于5G微基站的电磁偶极子天线. 天线由一对正交放置的单极化电磁偶极子、一对交叉放置的渐变式Γ形馈电线、一个圆形寄生贴片和一块正方形反射板组成,工作频段为2.50~3.62 GHz和4.8~5.0 GHz,能够覆盖工信部规定的5G的全部中频段. 在工作频带内,天线的输入回波损耗小于?10 dB;端口隔离度在低频段小于?25 dB,在高频段小于?42 dB;仿真平均增益在高、低频部分分别为5.57 dBi和9.84 dBi. 该天线能够实现双频段和双极化,可以作为小型化微基站天线设计的参考,同时为5G天线的商用化提供参考.     

Dual band microstrip patch antenna array loaded with split ring resonators and via holes

Reduction in antenna size by using multi-band radiators play a vital role in the miniaturization of present world wireless handheld devices, as dual band behaviour of the antennas result in the integration of more than one communication standard in a single system and thus, saving the installation space required for separate antennas. In this context, this communication presents a shorted-pin dual band metamaterial inspired microstrip patch antenna array. Under the unloaded conditions, the traditional patch antenna array resonates at 5.8 GHz with gain of 9.8 dBi and bandwidth of 540 MHz. However, when each patch of this traditional antenna array is loaded with split ring resonator (SRR) and a metallic via hole is introduced in the patch, the same antenna array produces an additional resonant frequency in IEEE 802.11b/g/n 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi band with bandwidth and gain of 290 MHz and 5.6 dBi, respectively, while the initial resonant frequency (i.e. 5.8 GHz) gets shifted to IEEE 802.11ac 5 GHz Wi-Fi band, providing the gain and bandwidth of 11.4 dBi and 510 MHz, respectively. The proposed antenna array has been fabricated, and the measured results are presented to validate the proposed array. Moreover, the equivalent circuit of the proposed antenna array has been designed and analyzed to validate the simulated, measured and theoretical results. Attainment of dual band characteristics by incorporating the metamaterial with single band traditional patch antenna array makes this structure novel, as this has been achieved without any extra hardware cost, size and loss of structural planarity. Also, both the frequency bands of this proposed metamaterial inspired antenna array possess considerable gain and bandwidth.     

适用于5G通信的宽带毫米波MIMO天线的设计

针对当前5G通信要求的高速率,提出了一种加载水平条形枝节和蝶形寄生单元的倒L型偶极子宽带MIMO天线。该天线以具有不完全地板的倒L型偶极子天线为辐射主体,加载水平条形枝节有效拓展了天线带宽,在天线上端加载一个蝶形寄生单元,有效提升了天线增益;最后将两个天线单元正交摆放,得到了MIMO天线的最终结构。对天线进行仿真与优化,最终结果表明,天线相对带宽达到40.9%(23.1~35 GHz),工作频带内的隔离度均小于-19 dB,带内增益为5.3~7.13 dBi。与引文其它天线相比,目标天线尺寸较小,具有较宽的频带和较高的增益,同时具有良好的隔离度和定向性。天线实测结果与仿真结果基本吻合,验证了其研究与应用价值。     

一种应用于LTE和5G中频段的宽带双极化基站天线

设计了一款适用于LTE和5G中频段的宽带双极化微基站天线.该天线主要由四部分组成:主辐射器,馈电巴伦结构,反射面和方形寄生贴片.其中辐射面上的圆形连接条产生多个电流路径,并引入额外的谐振点实现了阻抗匹配,同时方形寄生贴片有效扩展了高频段的带宽.实测结果表明,该天线具有50％(2.2～3.65 GHz)的阻抗带宽,反射系...     

Compact PIFA for 2.4/5 GHz dual ISM-band applications

A compact and novel modified planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) for dual ISM-band application is proposed. The proposed antenna, including a small ground plane, occupies a volume of 20/spl times/23.7/spl times/0.8 mm/sup 3/ (FR-4). The impedance bandwidth with 10 dB return loss is about 150 MHz (2380-2530 MHz) for 2.4 GHz band and 1450 MHz (5130-6580 MHz) for 5 GHz band. The measured radiation patterns are approximately omnidirectional and yield a gain of 1.0 dBi at 2440 MHz and 3.98 dBi at 5600 MHz, respectively.     

A dual-band multiple-input multiple-output microstrip antenna with metamaterial structure for LTE and WLAN applications

A method to enhance the gain of microstrip dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna using partially reflective surface (PRS) layer is introduced and investigated in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of two FR4 substrates. The lower substrate has two radiating patches with parasitic elements that are supplied independently and create the MIMO property of the antenna. The upper substrate which is known as superstrate is arrays of PRS unit cells. The PRS layer printed on either side of a dielectric substrate and causes the antenna gain to increase in both frequency bands. The proposed antenna is appropriate for LTE (2.4–3.1 GHz) and WLAN (5.1–5.8 GHz) applications. The measured values of S₁₁ and S₂₂ parameters of the antenna are less than −10 dB and its FBR and gain are 12.5 dB and 5dBi, respectively. The average half power beam-width (HPBW) is roughly 108^○.     

Novel Metamaterial Compact Planar MIMO Antenna Systems with Improved Isolation for WLAN Application

In this paper, two element multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) meander line antenna systems with improved isolation performance and compact size are proposed and fabricated in WLAN frequency band. To increase isolation among antenna elements, a novel metamaterial spiral S-shaped resonator is embedded between two radiating elements. The proposed resonator has planar configuration and miniaturized size and is capable of blocking electromagnetic propagation between antenna elements by exhibiting negative effective permeability in the desired frequency band. To illustrate and evaluate the design process, two design samples are fabricated and tested in WLAN frequency band and the agreement among measurement and simulation results approves the design method. In the frequency range of 2.38–2.48 GHz, some MIMO communication system requirements like total active reflection coefficient, envelope correlation coefficient and capacity loss are tested on design samples which show satisfactory results, so this method can be employed in designing array antennas for small mobile communication systems. The designed MIMO antenna systems separated by 13.8 mm (less than λ/9), has better than ??40 dB isolation coefficient and near zero correlation coefficient and capacity loss at the operating frequency (2.4 GHz).

     

一种基于倒“T”形贴片结构的WLAN天线设计

提出了一种基体背面有电磁带隙结构的倒“T”形双频微带天线。研究发现该天线具有双频带特性,其双频工作频率分别为2.4 GHz和5.2 GHz,相应的带宽为805 MHz (2.099~2.944 GHz) 和831 MHz (4.568~5.409 GHz),增益达到3.1 dBi。仿真和测试结果基本吻合,表明该天线可以很好地满足WLAN工作频段标准要求,具有很好的应用前景。     

Multiband integrated wideband antenna for bluetooth/WLAN applications

The paper presents an O-shape multiband monopole antenna design (Antenna-I) with different patch orientations; 90-degree (Antenna-II) and 180-degree (Antenna-III). The proposed Antenna-I is a multiband integrated wideband monopole antenna with two integrated bands supporting modern wireless services such as Bluetooth and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) in addition to wideband covering upper Ultra-wideband (UWB) frequencies. The first band ranges from 2.05 to 3.05 GHz and second band from 3.65 to 3.92 GHz in the −10 dB impedance bandwidth range. The wideband covers upper frequencies (5.24–10.75 GHz) in the range of Ultra-wideband. Antenna-II resonates at 2.38 GHz (2.11–2.90 GHz) covering Bluetooth band and upper UWB region 5.18–10.86 GHz. The proposed Antenna-III covers 1.96–2.33 GHz and 3.74–10.46 GHz frequency bands. The antenna gain at integrated band is around 2.8 dBi and varies from 4 dBi to 8.03 dBi in the UWB region. The measured fidelity factor is 0.89 for face to face and 0.82 for side by side. Measured results are presented to validate the antenna performances.