气缸套表面耐磨热障涂层制备与性能研究

柴油机气缸套表面热障涂层是协同提升其阻热、耐磨、减摩性能的有效方法。利用超音速高能等离子弧喷涂设备,在38CrMoAlA基体表面制备了厚度为1.5 mm的NiCoCrAlY-YSZ双层结构的热障涂层,并对其微观结构、力学性能与高温摩擦学行为进行了研究。结果发现,涂层孔隙率约为(9.62±2.23)%,与基体结合强度为(30.33±1.89) MPa;当环境温度为200℃时,38CrMoAlA基体的磨损率约为1.96×10^-4 mm³/(N·m),高于250℃油润滑条件下YSZ涂层的1.14×10^-4 mm³/(N·m);涂层在油润滑时的摩擦磨损性能较为优异,无润滑时的摩擦因数与磨损率分别由0.05和0.54×10^-4 mm³/(N·m)增加至0.70和2.97×10^-4 mm³/(N·m),其磨损形式以磨粒磨损为主。该研究为低散热柴油机关键部件的设计与防护提供了理论与技术支撑。     

激光熔覆FeCoCrNiCux高熵合金涂层的显微组织和摩擦性能

利用激光熔覆技术制备了FeCoCrNiCu_x(x=0,0.5,1)高熵合金涂层,系统地分析了不同Cu含量涂层的微观组织、摩擦性能与磨损机制。结果表明：制备的FeCoCrNiCu_x高熵合金均为单一FCC相固溶体,并存在Cr、Ni(x=0)和Cu(x=0.5,1)偏析。室温下,三种涂层的摩擦因数均略高于基材的;FeCoCrNiCu涂层的加工硬化作用和延展性的提升使得其磨损率相较基材有显著下降。600℃下,FeCoCrNiCu_0.5和FeCoCrNiCu涂层的摩擦性能均有显著提升;FeCoCrNiCu_0.5涂层形成了平整致密的氧化层使得涂层磨损率仅为1.29×10^-4 mm³/N·m;FeCoCrNiCu涂层形成了由硬质氧化物和高韧性合金构成的机械混合层,使得涂层表现出较好的减摩耐磨性能,其摩擦因数仅为0.24。     

镁合金微弧氧化涂层高温磨擦磨损性能

在硅酸盐和磷酸盐复合电解液体系下,通过微弧氧化技术在AZ91D镁合金表面制备一层陶瓷涂层。运用XRD、SEM、激光共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)分别对涂层物相、涂层表面、截面和磨痕形貌进行观察分析。采用UMT-3高温摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层在150℃范围内的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：涂层的平均摩擦系数随温度的变化先逐渐升高,当环境温度高于100℃时涂层平均摩擦系数开始降低。涂层磨损率远远低于镁合金基体磨损率并且涂层磨损率随温度的升高而降低,这可以说明微弧氧化涂层具有良好的耐磨损性能尤其在高温条件下耐磨损性能更好。通过分析载荷为2N作用时的磨痕微观形貌可知不同温度条件下涂层的磨损机理都主要为磨粒磨损。     

温度对WC-WB-CoCr涂层高温摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)制备了WC-WB-CoCr涂层,研究了温度对WC-WB-CoCr涂层高温摩擦磨损性能的影响。通过SEM、XRD和显微硬度仪对涂层的微观组织、相结构和力学性能进行表征。通过摩擦磨损试验机和拉曼光谱仪研究了WC-WB-CoCr涂层的高温摩擦学性能和氧化产物,采用台阶仪扫描磨痕形貌并计算WC-WB-CoCr涂层的磨损率。结果表明：WC-WB-Co-Cr涂层主要由WC和CoW₂B₂组成,涂层结构致密,与基体结合紧密;随着磨损试验温度升高,涂层的摩擦系数从0.66降低到0.57,涂层的磨损率随着温度的升高而升高,但是其磨损率增长程度随着温度的升高而降低。在高温磨损过程中,磨痕表面的氧化膜主要由WO₃和CoWO₄组成,且CoWO₄比WO₃表现出更好的耐高温磨损性能。涂层的主要磨损机制为氧化磨损、疲劳磨损和粘着磨损。     

超音速等离子喷涂非晶涂层微观结构与摩擦学性能

采用新一代超音速高能等离子喷涂(SAPS)技术制备了Fe基和Mo基两种非晶涂层,对涂层的微观结构与摩擦学性能进行对比分析。结果表明,SAPS喷涂Fe基和Mo基非晶涂层内部孔洞少、结构致密性高。与Fe基涂层相比,具有更低孔隙率的Mo基涂层在摩擦过程中表现出更低的磨损率(1.1×10^-4 μm·N^-1·s^-1),耐磨性更优。涂层的磨损机理均以磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损为主,并伴随着磨屑氧化。     

激光功率对Ni60/WC涂层组织演变及力学性能的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在Cr12MoV基体上成功制备了Ni60/WC复合涂层,研究了激光功率对复合涂层力学性能的影响。使用扫描电镜、维氏硬度计及往复式摩擦磨损试验机分别对复合涂层的显微组织、硬度及耐磨损性能进行表征,并进一步揭示了复合涂层磨损机理。研究表明,较低的激光能量输入不能满足WC颗粒的熔化要求,削弱了复合涂层的成形质量,较高的激光功率条件下复合粉体中WC颗粒可以充分熔化产生Ni₂W₄C、M₇C₃与M₆C型碳化物,随着激光功率的增大,Ni60/WC复合涂层摩擦学性能呈现先升高后降低的趋势,WC颗粒对复合材料产生了细晶强化,还诱导了复合材料原位碳化物硬质相提升力学性能。在一定范围内,随着激光功率的增大,复合涂层平均显微硬度增加,最大达到852.35 HV0.2,平均摩擦因数与磨损率均减小,最小分别为0.117 45与0.5849×10^-8 mm²/N。磨痕表面犁沟、片状剥落减少,涂层耐磨性能显著提升,然而随着激光功率的增大,复合涂层由于...     

石墨烯含量对石墨烯改性WC-Co自润滑耐磨涂层性能的影响

为了降低WC-Co耐磨涂层的摩擦因数,发挥石墨烯的减磨、润滑特性,采用喷雾造粒工艺制备石墨烯/WC-Co复合粉体,基于爆炸喷涂技术制备石墨烯改性WC-Co(GO/WC-Co)自润滑耐磨涂层。借助SEM、EDS分析粉末及涂层中石墨烯的存在、组织形貌、成分组成。采用UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机研究了不同石墨烯添加量对制备涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:爆炸喷涂制备石墨烯改性WC-Co涂层中石墨烯仍以透明状、片层状态存在,相比WC-Co涂层,石墨烯质量比为3%时,制备涂层摩擦因数降低约30%,石墨烯在摩擦过程中不断裸露于磨痕表面,在微区内形成润滑膜,起到较好的自润滑、减磨效果。     

镁合金微弧氧化涂层高温磨擦磨损性能（英文）

在硅酸盐和磷酸盐复合电解液体系下,通过微弧氧化技术在AZ91D镁合金表面制备一层陶瓷涂层。利用XRD、SEM、激光共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)分别对涂层物相、涂层表面、截面和磨痕形貌进行观察分析。采用UMT-3高温摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层在150℃范围内的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:涂层的平均摩擦系数随温度的变化先逐渐升高,当环境温度高于100℃时涂层平均摩擦系数开始降低。涂层磨损率远远低于镁合金基体磨损率并且涂层磨损率随温度的升高而降低,这说明微弧氧化涂层具有良好的耐磨损性能,尤其在高温条件下耐磨损性能更好。通过分析载荷为2 N作用时的磨痕微观形貌可知不同温度条件下涂层的磨损机理都主要为磨粒磨损。     

激光功率对FeCoNiCrMo高熵合金熔覆层组织与性能的影响

为了探究激光功率对熔覆层组织与性能的影响，采用6种激光功率在42CrMo钢表面制备了FeCoNiCrMo高熵合金熔覆层。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、维氏显微硬度计、应力分析仪、摩擦磨损试验机和电化学工作站对熔覆层的显微组织、物相、力学性能及耐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明：激光熔覆制备的FeCoNiCrMo涂层的组织主要为FCC固溶体相，当激光功率大于1.6 kW时，涂层出现BCC相(α-Fe)结构，组织为树枝晶，枝晶内为马氏体，枝晶间为含Cr、Mo元素的铁素体；随着激光功率增大，涂层硬度先增大后减小，1.6 kW时达最大值522 HV0.3;激光功率1.8 kW时涂层的耐磨性与耐腐蚀性最好，磨损率与自腐蚀电流密度分别为0.71×10^-5 g·N^-1·m^-1和1.69×10^-9 A·cm^-2。激光功率是影响FeCoNiCrMo高熵合金涂层组织与性能的重要因素，提高激光功率有利于促进BCC相的生成，显著提高涂层力学性能及腐蚀性能。     

面向盾构机密封跑道修复的激光熔覆Fe基涂层制备工艺

为探究激光熔覆再制造修复工艺对盾构机密封跑道磨痕的修复效果,采用送粉式激光熔覆工艺在42CrMo钢基体表面制备了Fe55铁基自熔合金涂层。基于L₁₆(4³)正交试验探究了激光功率、熔覆速率和搭接率对涂层表面形貌、横截面特征参数、稀释率、显微组织、硬度的影响规律和作用机理。极差分析表明,稀释率随激光功率和熔覆速率的增加均呈上升趋势,其中激光功率对涂层硬度影响最大,最大涂层硬度约为基体硬度的2.15倍。Fe55涂层的摩擦因数较基体明显降低,涂层耐磨性优良,其磨损体积较基体降低1.09×10^-2 mm³,主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。     

高熵合金涂层的研究进展

高熵合金涂层由于具有优于块体高熵合金和传统金属涂层的综合性能,在航空航天、核反应堆等极端服役环境下表现出了巨大的应用潜力。涂层低维形态产生的尺寸效应与高熵合金独特的多主元特征效应相耦合,使高熵合金涂层具有成分均匀、组织致密、结构稳定、性能优异等特点。概述了近年来高熵合金涂层的主要制备技术,简述了不同制备方法的原理、优势及工艺参数对涂层组织性能的影响。探讨了高熵合金中主要组元元素的作用、相结构的调控准则、多相转变行为等微观组织结构的特征与影响机制。论述了高熵合金涂层的服役性能特点,包括力学性能、抗氧化、耐腐蚀、抗辐照及耐磨损性能,并分析了成分/工艺-组织-性能的关联及相关作用机理。最后,总结了目前研究工作中存在的关键科学难题与挑战,对高熵合金涂层的研究方向与应用前景进行了展望。     

Effect of carbon fiber on microstructure evolution and surface properties of FeCoCrNiCu high-entropy alloy coatings

FeCoCrNiCu and C_f/FeCoCrNiCu high-entropy alloy coatings are prepared by laser cladding to study the effects of carbon fiber on the microstructure and surface properties of the FeCoCrNiCu alloy. It is found that the addition of carbon fiber has little effect on the phase structure of the FeCoCrNiCu alloy coating. However, an interesting finding is that the addition of carbon fiber could decrease the segregation of Cu-element along the grain boundaries in the FeCoCrNiCu coating. In addition, the addition of carbon fiber can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the FeCoCrNiCu alloy coating. It can also reduce the intergranular corrosion in the coating. Moreover, the addition of carbon fiber has positive effects on the improvement in the hardness and wear resistance of the high-entropy alloys (HEAs) coatings. The decreased segregation of Cu-element along the grain boundaries is mainly attributed to the significant improvement in surface properties of the HEA coatings.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of FeCoCrNi high entropy alloy/WC reinforcing particles composite coatings prepared by laser cladding and plasma cladding

FeCoCrNi HEA coatings with 20% mass fraction of WC reinforcing particles were prepared by two different cladding methods, laser cladding (LC) and plasma cladding (PC). The microstructure of HEA matrix and WC particles of LC and PC coatings were discussed respectively. For HEA matrix, dendritic morphology was observed in both coatings. For WC particles, a few granular (Cr,W)₂C carbides around WC particles in LC coatings, and a large number of crystal and fishbone Fe₃W₃C carbides around WC particles in PC coatings. Mechanical properties as hardness and wear resistance of the two kinds of coatings were also investigated. The interstitial solution strengthening effect of C element is stronger in PC coating, and the hardness of HEA matrix in LC coatings is twice that of in PC coating, which shows a strong retention force on WC particles. The friction coefficient of LC coating is lower and stable, with the volume wear rate of 0.7 × 10⁻⁵ mm⁻³/N·m, showing high wear resistance. PC coatings have poor wear resistance due to decarbonization and oxidation of WC particles and reduction of retention force of HEA matrix, with the volume wear rate of 8.29 × 10⁻⁵ mm⁻³/N·m. The wear mechanism of both coatings were also discussed.     

感应重熔和激光重熔合成FeCrMnAlCu高熵合金涂层组织与性能

采用冷喷涂辅助感应重熔和冷喷涂辅助激光重熔2种方法分别在45#钢表面制备FeCrMnAlCu高熵合金涂层。对高熵合金涂层的相组成、显微组织、硬度、耐磨性能进行表征与检测,研究2种工艺对涂层耐磨性能的影响。结果表明：2种工艺合成的FeCrMnAlCu高熵合金涂层均由体心立方（bcc）和面心立方（fcc）相组成,涂层组织致密,元素分布均匀。涂层微观组织均为树枝晶+枝晶间组织,枝晶区主要由Mn、Cr和Fe元素构成,枝晶间主要为Cu,Al元素均匀地分布在枝晶和枝晶间。冷喷涂辅助感应重熔合成的FeCrMnAlCu高熵合金涂层中bcc晶格应变大于激光重熔合成的高熵合金涂层的晶格应变。冷喷涂辅助感应重熔合成FeCrMnAlCu高熵合金涂层的显微硬度是冷喷涂辅助激光重熔合成涂层硬度的1.2倍,是45#钢基体硬度的3.5倍。FeCrMnAlCu高熵合金涂层在摩擦过程中主要以磨粒磨损为主,采用冷喷涂辅助感应重熔合成的FeCrMnAlCu高熵合金涂层具有良好的耐磨性能,其磨损率比冷喷涂辅助激光重熔合成涂层的磨损率降低29%。     

Application Prospects and Microstructural Features in Laser-Induced Rapidly Solidified High-Entropy Alloys

Recently, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted much interest in the materials community, as they offer massive opportunities to observe new phenomena, explore new structure, and develop new materials. Particularly, it is attractive to prepare high-performance HEA coatings by laser-induced rapid solidification, which can be formed on the surface of components and parts in a variety of sizes and shapes with a lower cost in comparison with those bulk material fabrication methods. From the technical point of view, laser-induced rapid solidification could hamper the compositional segregation, improve the solubility in solid-solution phases, and lead to the strengthening effect by the grain refinement. This article reviews the recent work on the typical microstructural features and the mechanical and chemical properties in laser-induced rapidly solidified HEAs, and these data are compared with conventional Co- and Ni-based alloy coatings. The article concludes with suggestions for future research and development in HEAs, from considerations of their characteristic properties.     

超声滚压强化对CoCrFeMnNiM(M=Ti,Mo)高熵合金激光熔覆层耐磨性的影响EI北大核心CSCD

CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金较低的硬度和较差的耐磨损性能限制了其在表面工程领域的应用。利用激光熔覆技术制备强化的CoCrFeMnNiM(M=Ti,Mo)高熵合金熔覆层,并通过超声表面滚压(USRE)技术强化熔覆层表面。采用XRD、FSEM、EDS、AFM、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机等研究USRE处理对高熵合金激光熔覆层的微观组织、表面形貌、力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:CoCrFeMnNiTi高熵合金激光熔覆层由面心立方(FCC)结构的固溶体相和TiC原位析出相组成,CoCrFeMnNiMo高熵合金激光熔覆层仍由单一的FCC固溶体相组成。USRE处理后涂层的相构成均未发生变化,但CoCrFeMnNiMo涂层的晶粒尺寸得到更明显的细化。USRE处理降低了高熵合金激光熔覆层的表面粗糙度,提高了残余压应力和显微硬度,并且USRE处理对CoCrFeMnNiMo涂层的效果提升更加显著。经过相同工艺参数的USRE处理后,CoCrFeMnNiTi高熵合金激光熔覆层的体积磨损率由1.90×10^(-4)mm^(3)/(N·m)降低到0.71×10^(-4)mm^(3)/(N·m);但由于磨损机制的转变和表面脆性的增大,CoCrFeMnNiMo高熵合金激光熔覆层的磨损率反而上升。探讨了超声表面滚压处理对高熵合金涂层的适用性,可为高熵合金涂层耐磨性的强化提供参考。     

Characterization of Nucleation Behavior in Temperature-Induced BCC-to-HCP Phase Transformation for High Entropy Alloy

Phase transformation is one of the essential topics in the studies on high entropy alloys (HEAs).However,characterization of the nucleation behavior in the phase transformation for HEAs is still challenging through experimental methods.In the present work,HfNbTaTiZr HEA was chosen as the representative material,and molecular dynamics/Monte Carlo (MD/MC) simulations were performed to investigate the nucleation behavior in temperature-induced BCC-to-HCP transformation for this HEA system.The results indicate that Nb-Ta,Ti-Zr,Hf-Zr and Hf-Ti atom pairs are preferred in the BCC solid solution of HfNbTaTiZr HEA and Hf-Ti-Zr-rich atom cluster with chemical short range order acts as the nucleation site for HCP phase.The nucleation process follows the non-classical two-step nucleation model:BCC-like structure with severe lattice distortion forms first and then HCP structure nucleates from the BCC-like structure.Moreover,at low temperature,the BCC-to-HCP nucleation hardly occurs,and the BCC solid solution is stabilized.The present work provides more atomic details of the nucleation behavior in temperature-induced BCC-to-HCP phase transformation for HEA,and can help in deep understanding of the phase stability for HEAs.     

多主元高熵合金涂层的研究进展

综述了高熵合金涂层的设计理念、制备方法和性能研究的进展。 介绍了高熵合金金属涂层、化合物涂层和复合涂层的性能特点。 高熵合金涂层表现出高强度、高硬度、耐高温、耐磨性和耐腐蚀等优异性质,有望在工具、刀具、模具等方面得到应用。     

第一性原理计算压力对高熵合金AlCoCrCuFeNi的影响

采用第一性原理密度泛函理论,结合平面波赝势和广义梯度近似(GGA),用虚拟晶体近似(VCA)的方法建立晶体结构模型,计算了高熵合金Al Co Cr Cu Fe Ni在不同压力影响下的结构性能,弹性能及压力作用下的结构相变。计算结果表明,随着压力的增大,高熵合金Al Co Cr Cu Fe Ni的晶格常数减小而密度增大。高熵合金Al Co Cr Cu Fe Ni只在fcc结构下才符合力学稳定性条件,而在bcc结构下不符合,体积模量随压力的增大而增大。高熵合金Al Co Cr Cu Fe Ni大约在21 820 GPa压力下会由fcc结构转变为bcc结构。     

高熵合金/碳化钨复合材料的研究进展

综述了高熵合金(HEA)/碳化钨(WC)复合材料研究进展,主要介绍了以WC为基体的WC-HEA硬质合金和以HEA为基体的HEA/WC复合涂层,探究了高熵合金复合碳化钨材料强度、硬度、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性能提高的方式,并展望了高熵合金与WC相复合的发展前景与研究开发的重点。