硅橡胶电树枝的引发与生长过程

交联聚乙烯电力电缆的应用日渐广泛,但电缆附件的电树枝击穿故障时有发生,电缆附件材料硅橡胶的电树枝引发和生长过程尚缺乏深入研究。为此,通过材料的测试分析与计算等手段,定量描述了硅橡胶材料微观结构,测试、分析了电树枝引发期的电树枝通道特征和局部放电特性。研究结果表明:硅橡胶中同时存在主链上的化学交联以及通过氢键吸附形成的物理交联;在交流场强下物理交联破坏使得材料中的微裂纹逐渐扩大,最终导致电树枝引发;硅橡胶电树枝通道呈现良好的绝缘特性,电树枝生长主要依靠局部放电下气体受热膨胀或电磁力产生的撕裂作用;增强机械性能尤其是撕裂特性可以提高材料的抗电树枝老化性能。研究硅橡胶材料的电树枝引发和生长过程为其在电缆附件中的合理使用提供了理论依据。     

嵌入屏障的绝缘介质中电树生长模型

利用WZ模型将绝缘介质离散化,使用分形理论讨论了绝缘介质中电树发展的随机性和确定性。在原有WZ模型的基础上引入了分布耐电强度的概念,建立了新的模型。通过此二维模型仿真了在绝缘介质中嵌入了耐电强度高于原介质的屏障后的电树生长情况。在针板电极结构下用模型仿真了在绝缘介质中所嵌入屏障耐电强度的不同对电树发展造成的不同影响,并比较了不同情况下的平均击穿距离。通过比较得出,当嵌入耐电强度远大于原介质的屏障后,电树发展过程中需要绕过屏障进行生长,从而等效于增加了原有介质的厚度,使得整个介质的绝缘性能有一定程度的提高。     

Changes in capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor of water‐treed XLPE with applied voltage

The capacitance C and dielectric dissipation factor tan δ of a water‐treed XLPE sheet sample have been measured under the application of 100 V or 1 kV at 60 Hz. The values of C and tan δ at 1 kV are much larger than those at 100 V. The value of tan δ gradually decreases with the length of exposure to a voltage of 1 kV. On the other hand, C is almost constant versus the exposure time. The results have been discussed on the basis of a model in which filling of channels interconnecting voids by water is taken into account. It has been found that the increase of C and tan δ is caused by the growth of the water‐filled channel region on the application of voltage. The gradual decrease in tan δ with the exposure time is explained by the change in the conductivity of the water‐filled channel region, as a result of which the relaxation time shifts to higher frequencies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(1): 12–20, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10160     

Challenges in field implementation of controlled energization for various equipment loads with circuit breakers considering diversified dielectric and mechanical characteristics

The close coordination between circuit breaker (CB) characteristics and behavior of equipment to be switched plays key role in achieving desired mitigation results during controlled switching. In this respect, usually, controlled closing is found to be more challenging compared to controlled opening. This paper presents key aspects in context to performance assessment of a CB during controlled energization of various equipment loads based on its mechanical and dielectric characteristics. The energization target may vary from CB gap voltage zero to peak depending upon the behavior of the equipment to be switched. In this context, the procedure of evaluating energization targets for various power system loads with diversified design and connection configurations have been elaborated. Furthermore, the way to analyze suitability of CB characteristics for achieving a range of energization targets having different closing speed and time scatter; especially breakers with slow closing speed have been discussed in detail. The challenges due to operating time scatter and inter phase coupling for transformers and uncompensated transmission lines have been analyzed in conjunction with field results. Finally, comparison of mitigation effects obtained during energization of shunt reactor with dissimilar CB operating characteristics on an existing 400 kV Indian transmission network has been presented.