苯胺四聚体聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物在盐酸介质中对Q235钢的缓蚀性能

目的研究苯胺四聚体PEG两亲性嵌段共聚物(PEG-TA)对Q235钢在1 mol/L HCl介质中的缓蚀性能。方法采用静态失重测试、电化学测试、腐蚀表面形貌分析研究了自制的PEG-TA在1 mol/L HCl介质中对Q235钢的缓蚀性能,并探讨了其在Q235钢表面的吸附行为。结果红外和紫外表征表明,氨基封端苯胺四聚体和聚乙二醇为原料成功合成了两亲性嵌段共聚物PEG-TA。极化曲线研究表明,PEG-TA的加入明显可以抑制Q235钢在1 mol/L HCl介质中的腐蚀,且随着PEG-TA浓度的增加,缓蚀效果越好,在25℃的实验温度范围内,质量浓度为30 mg/L时,PEG-TA的缓蚀效率可以达到93.97%,属于阴极抑制为主的混合型缓蚀剂。电化学阻抗图谱研究表明,随着PEG-TA浓度的增加,Q235钢表面腐蚀反应的电荷转移电阻和膜电阻逐渐增大,钢表面缓蚀剂的含量和覆盖率增加,腐蚀抑制性增强。PEG-TA缓蚀剂分子在Q235钢表面的吸附遵循Langmuir等温模型,并且属于物理和化学混合吸附。SEM研究证明,在1 mol/L HCl中,PEG-TA可有效地抑制碳钢的腐蚀。结论 PEG-TA在1 mol/L HCl中有效提高了Q235钢的耐蚀性,是一种高效环保的缓蚀剂。     

2-吡啶甲醛缩4-苯基氨基硫脲席夫碱在盐酸溶液中对Q235钢的缓蚀作用

合成了一种吡啶席夫碱衍生物,2-吡啶甲醛缩4-苯基氨基硫脲席夫碱(PCPTC),并采用失重法、电化学阻抗谱法和极化曲线法研究了PCPTC对Q235钢在1 mol/L HCl溶液的缓蚀作用。结果表明:PCPTC对Q235钢在1mol/L HCl溶液中具有优良的缓蚀效果,是一种混合型缓蚀剂;当缓蚀剂浓度达到0.5 mmol/L时,缓蚀率达到93.6%;PCPTC在Q235钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式;扫描电镜(SEM)观察表明,PCPTC可以有效保护Q235钢。     

基于板蓝根药渣氮掺杂碳点的制备及缓蚀性能研究

目的 为提高板蓝根药渣资源回收利用率及减缓碳钢腐蚀所造成的环境污染和经济损失等一系列问题,制备一种环境友好型碳点缓蚀剂。方法 采用一步水热法制备了氮掺杂板蓝根渣碳点(N-CDI)缓蚀剂。利用红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对N-CDI的结构、粒径及荧光性能进行表征,并通过失重法和电化学测试,研究了N-CDI对Q235碳钢在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的缓蚀性能与机理。结果 303 K时,在1 mol/L HCl溶液中N-CDI投加量仅为15 mg/L时,缓蚀率可达91.6%,较未掺杂前有明显提高。测试结果表明,N-CDI是以抑制阳极铁的溶解为主的混合型抑制剂,在碳钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,SEM断面图也进一步证实N-CDI在碳钢表面形成有效的保护层。结论 证实了中药渣碳点在酸性介质中可以有效抑制Q235碳钢的腐蚀,且具有低投加量、高效、热稳定性好等优势,拥有广阔的应用前景。     

黄连提取物在1 mol/L HCl中对Q235的缓蚀作用

从黄连中提取出的固体物质,可做为一种优良的天然绿色缓蚀剂.本文用失重和电化学测试等方法研究了黄连提取物在1 mol/L HCl中对Q235的缓蚀作用.结果表明,黄连提取物在1 mol/L HCl中对Q235有高达98％的缓蚀作用,其在碳钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,能同时抑制碳钢腐蚀的阴、阳极过程,碳钢的阻抗值随黄连提取物浓度增加而变大,扫描电镜分析结果也表明该提取物对碳钢表面有很好的保护作用.      

IAA 在硫酸溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀性能研究

目的研究吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)在H2SO4(0.1 mol/L)溶液中对碳钢(Q235)的缓蚀性能,降低碳钢生产过程对环境的影响。方法采用动电位极化曲线测试、交流阻抗实验、失重实验和扫描电镜实验分析缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能及作用机理。结果 IAA的缓蚀效率随着缓蚀剂浓度的增加而逐渐增大,当IAA浓度增加到4×10-3mol/L时,缓蚀效率最高达到88.85%。温度升高,缓蚀效率降低,说明IAA不宜于高温下使用。IAA是一种混合型缓蚀剂,对阴极反应和阳极反应均有抑制作用,且在缓蚀剂分子吸附过程中,吸附在碳钢表面的水分子和缓蚀剂分子发生竞争吸附作用,能有效阻止H+的穿越,从而抑制腐蚀H+的放电。IAA在碳钢表面的吸附遵循Langmuir吸附等温模型,该吸附自发进行且是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用。缓蚀剂通过抑制腐蚀反应的活性点,提高活化能垒,防止碳钢溶解腐蚀。IAA在碳钢表面形成保护膜,减轻了腐蚀。结论 IAA是一种以抑制阳极反应为主的混合型缓蚀剂,在0.1 mol/L H2SO4溶液中能够对Q235碳钢起到优异的保护作用。     

三聚氰胺对碳钢在 HCl 介质中的缓蚀作用

目的了解在HCl介质中,三聚氰胺对碳钢的缓蚀作用和缓蚀机理。方法在1 mol/L HCl溶液中添加不同浓度的三聚氰胺,测试碳钢在溶液中的动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱,获得电化学参数和缓蚀效率。再结合量子化学计算结果,分析其缓蚀机理。结果针对碳钢在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的腐蚀,三聚氰胺是一种混合抑制型缓蚀剂,随其浓度的增加,缓蚀效率增大。三聚氰胺通过分子中Mulliken电荷相对较负的氮原子吸附在碳钢表面起到缓蚀作用,吸附过程为自发过程,以物理吸附为主,且符合Langmuir吸附等温方程。结论在HCl介质中,三聚氰胺对碳钢具有一定的缓蚀作用。     

2-氨基吡啶缩水杨醛席夫碱对Q235钢在盐酸介质中的缓蚀性能

合成了一种吡啶衍生物：2-氨基吡啶缩水杨醛席夫碱(PMP),并通过静态失重、动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱等方法,研究了其对Q235钢在1 mol/L HCl溶液中的缓蚀性能。结果表明,在(30±1) ℃下1 mol/L HCl溶液中,当PMP浓度达到15.0 mmol/L时,缓蚀效率为87.9%,是以阴极型为主的混合型缓蚀剂。PMP在Q235钢表面吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附过程包括物理吸附和化学吸附。     

电化学方法研究凤尾草提取物对碳钢在酸洗液中的腐蚀抑制作用

利用线性极化、动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱等方法研究了凤尾草提取物对Q235碳钢在1 mol·L~(-1)HCl和0.5 mol·L~(-1)H_2SO_4溶液中的腐蚀抑制性能。结果表明,在两种酸溶液中凤尾草提取物均可明显减缓碳钢的腐蚀,作用机制为"几何覆盖效应";且其缓蚀性能随缓蚀剂浓度的增大而增强,最高缓蚀率均在85%以上。凤尾草提取物中的缓蚀剂分子在碳钢表面的吸附具有自发性,包括物理-化学吸附过程,同时满足Langmuir和Dhar-Flory-Huggins等温吸附方程。     

新型三唑衍生物缓蚀剂在HCl中的缓蚀性能

用失重法、电化学方法研究新型三唑衍生物在1 mol/L HCl中缓蚀性能以及在Q235-A钢表面的吸附行为.结果表明,新型三唑缓蚀剂是一种混合型缓蚀剂,在1 mol/L HCl溶液中最高缓蚀率达到95%以上,在Q235-A钢表面的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式,且吸附为吸热反应.     

酸性介质中壳聚糖磷酸酯对碳钢的缓蚀效能

采用失重法研究了壳聚糖磷酸酯在1mol/L HCl和1mol/L H2SO4中的缓蚀性能,采用极化曲线和电化学阻抗法分析了缓蚀机理,并通过扫描电镜对腐蚀形貌进行了分析。结果表明:壳聚糖磷酸酯在盐酸和硫酸体系中对碳钢腐蚀具有很好的抑制作用,在1mol/L HCl中缓蚀率随浓度增加而升高,在1mol/L H2SO4中缓蚀率先升高后降低;极化曲线表明壳聚糖磷酸酯在酸体系中是以抑制阳极过程为主的缓蚀剂;在碳钢表面发生单分子层吸附。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。