Entanglement of dipolar coupling spins

Entanglement of dipole-dipole interacting spins 1/2 is usually investigated when the energy of interaction with an external magnetic field (the Zeeman energy) is greater than the energy of dipole interactions by three orders. Under this condition only a non-equilibrium state of the spin system, realized by pulse radiofrequence irradiations, results in entanglement. The present paper deals with the opposite case: the dipolar interaction energy is the order of magnitude or even larger than the Zeeman one. It was shown that entanglement appears under the thermodynamic equilibrium conditions and the concurrence reaches the maximum when the external field is directed perpendicular to the vector connecting the nuclei. For this direction of the field and a system of two spins with the Hamiltonian accounting the realistic dipole-dipole interactions in low external magnetic field, the exact analytical expression for concurrence was also obtained. The condition of the entanglement appearance and the dependence of concurrence on the external magnetic field, temperature, and dipolar coupling constant were studied.     

Entanglement under equilibrium establishing in spin systems subjected to radiofrequency field

We study the entanglement evolution in a dipolar-coupled spin system irradiated by a radiofrequency (RF) field in quasi-equilibrium state characterized by a two-temperature density matrix. Process of the establishment of equilibrium is in the equalization of these temperatures. The method of the nonequilibrium statistical operator in a rotating frame is used to describe the evolution of the spin system. It is shown that the equilibrium establishment has nonexponential character, and the time needed for this establishment depends strongly on the RF field strength. Particularly, the weak RF irradiation increases the lifetime of entanglement. Temporal and temperature dependencies of the concurrence of spin pairs are obtained and discussed. It is shown that application of RF field increases the time of the equilibrium establishment (up to order of 1,000 times) and lifetime of the existence of entangled states (up to order of 1,000 times). Thus, with the help of RF irradiation, we can govern the relaxation process and control entanglement in the system. The obtained results can be used for analysis of more complex spin systems because dipole–dipole interaction decreases proportionally to inverse third power of the distance between the spins, and influence of far way spins can be negligible.     

Entanglement manipulation via dynamics in multiple quantum spin systems

We study manipulation of entanglement between two identical networks of quantum mechanical particles. Firstly, we reduce the problem of entanglement transfer to the problem of quantum state transfer. Then, we consider entanglement concentration and purification based on free dynamics on the networks and local measurements on the vertices. By introducing an appropriate measure of efficiency, we characterize the performance of the protocol. We give evidence that such a measure does not depend on the network topology, and we estimate the contribution given by the number of entangled pairs initially shared by the two networks.     

Entanglement and multiple quantum coherence dynamics in spin clusters

With the purpose to reveal consistency between multiple quantum (MQ) coherences and entanglement, we investigate numerically the dynamics of these phenomena in one-dimensional linear chains and ring of nuclear spins 1/2 coupled by dipole–dipole interactions. As opposed to the calculation of the MQ coherence intensity based on the density matrix describing the spin system as a whole, we consider the “differentiated” intensity related only to the chosen spin pair based on the reduced density matrix. It is shown that the entanglement and the MQ coherence have similar dynamics only for nearest neighbors while we did not obtained any consistency for remote spins.     

Entanglement dynamics of two-qubit pure state

We show that the entanglement dynamics for the pure state of a closed two-qubit system is part of a 10-dimensional complex linear differential equation defined on a supersphere, and the coefficients therein are completely determined by the system Hamiltonian. We apply the result to two physical examples of Josephson junction qubits and exchange Hamiltonians, deriving analytic solutions for the time evolution of entanglement. The Hamiltonian coefficients determine whether the entanglement is periodic. These results allow of investigating how to generate and manipulate entanglements efficiently, which are required by both quantum computation and quantum communication.     

Entanglement dynamics of a two-qutrit system under DM interaction and the relevance of the initial state

Using concurrence as a measure of entanglement, we present analytical and numerical study of entanglement dynamics in a two-qutrit system in the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, as a function of the parameters involved. Three distinct initial states: a superposition of the ground and the first excited state, the Bell-type state and a superposition of qutrit coherent states will be considered in this investigation.     

The structure of enumerated spin glass state spaces

We enumerate the low energy part of the state space of an Ising spin glass using an efficient branch-and-bound algorithm. A coarse graining algorithm (NB-clustering) is employed to condense the inherent information to a system size which is treatable in computer simulations. The reduced state space still incorporates all ingredients necessary to simulate aging effects. We investigate its structure in detail and find that certain assumptions made in heuristical state space models which have been presented in the past to reproduce aging phenomena in spin glass experiments are indeed compatible with the data from the observed state spaces.     

Entanglement and quantum state transfer between two atoms trapped in two indirectly coupled cavities

Quantum Information Processing - We propose a one-step scheme for implementing entanglement generation and the quantum state transfer between two atomic qubits trapped in two different cavities...     

Separable equilibrium state probabilities via time reversal in Markovian process algebra

The reversed compound agent theorem (RCAT) is a compositional result that uses Markovian process algebra (MPA) to derive the reversed process of certain interactions between two continuous time Markov chains at equilibrium. From this reversed process, together with the given, forward process, the joint state probabilities can be expressed as a product-form, although no general algorithm has previously been given. This paper first generalises RCAT to multiple (more than two) cooperating agents, which removes the need for multiple applications and inductive proofs in cooperations of an arbitrary number of processes. A new result shows a simple stochastic equivalence between cooperating, synchronised processes and corresponding parallel, asynchronous processes. This greatly simplifies the proof of the new, multi-agent theorem, which includes a statement of the desired product-form solution itself as a product of given state probabilities in the parallel components. The reversed process and product-form thus derived rely on a solution to certain rate equations and it is shown, for the first time, that a unique solution exists under mild conditions—certainly for queueing networks and G-networks.     

Entanglement generation and entanglement concentration of two-photon four-dimensional spatial modes partially entangled Dicke state

Two-photon four-dimensional spatial modes partially entangled Dicke state can be compactly generated from six concurrent spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes by cascading poling domain structures in 5% MgO-doped poled lithium niobate bulk crystal. Entanglement concentration of the two-photon four-dimensional spatial modes partially entangled Dicke state can be realized by using quantum nondestructive detection of nonlinear Kerr medium, optical beam splitter, and quantum gate operation.     

Entanglement and Yangian in a {V^{\otimes 3}} Yang-Baxter system

In this paper, a 8 × 8 unitary Yang-Baxter matrix \breveR₁₂₃(q₁,q₂,f){\breve{R}_{123}(\theta_{1},\theta_{2},\phi)} acting on the triple tensor product space, which is a solution of the Yang-Baxter Equation for three qubits, is presented. Then quantum entanglement and the Berry phase of the Yang-Baxter system are studied. The Yangian generators, which can be viewed as the shift operators, are investigated in detail. And it is worth mentioning that the Yangian operators we constructed are independent of choice of basis.     

相平衡和平衡级分离专用计算软件VB设计

本软件系统包括4个子系统：（1）平衡数据关联子系统－含Van Laar,Margules,NRTL,UNIQUAC和Wilson模型以及Antione常数回归方程;（2）精馏子系统－含间歇精馏,普通精馏和萃取精馏;（3）液液萃取子系统－包括无水和含水溶剂体系;（4）数据库子系统－建成bpd.mdb数据文件,具有查询和管理各种烷烃,芳烃和溶剂等基础物性的功能。软件系统采用VB设计,界面友好,操作简便,可用于汽液和液液平衡数据模型参数的关联以及多元多级汽液和液液平衡级的分离计算。     

Forced resonant oscillations of nonlinear autonomous system in equilibrium neighborhood

Consideration was given to existence and stability of oscillations in the case of resonance where in the neighborhood of equilibrium the autonomous nonlinear system is subjected to periodic perturbations. For each of the probable cases where the equilibrium is surrounded or not by a family of periodic oscillations, established were the sufficient conditions solving the problem. The amplitudes of the resonant oscillations were estimated in terms of the small parameter.     

嵌入式系统中Nand Flash写平衡的研究

由于Nand Flash写之前需要擦除且使用寿命有限,为了提高Nand Flash的使用寿命,需要对Nand Flash存储块进行均衡管理。本文研究了ZLG/FFS,针对其不足,并根据ZLG/FFS设计了一个新的FFS,其最突出的特点是尽可能保证在追加文件内容时不擦除闪存块。     

UNIFAC-DMD法预测烷烃-氨的汽液相平衡

烷烃-氨的汽液相平衡模型是计算爱因斯坦制冷循环的重要数据.然而在设计氨-水-异戊烷的爱因斯坦制冷循环的过程中,从文献中查阅不到异戊烷一氨的相平衡数据.采用商业软件中基团贡献法UNIFAC-DMD自带的数据库所预测的结果也不尽人意,不能得到特征的蝶形相图.本文利用基团贡献法的原理,通过使用模拟软件,应用文献中得到的丙烷-氨和正丁烷-氨体系的相平衡数据,拟合基团贡献法uNIFAC-DMD中的CH2、NH3的含对温度修正的基团交互参数aCH2NH3,1/K,aCH2NH3,2,aCH2NH3,3/K-1和aNH3CH3,1/K,aNH3CH3,2,aNH3CH3,3/K-1..拟合得到上述基团交互参数值分别为-1 995.4,18.51,-0.037,11 565.3,-68.98,和0.111 4.将此组新参数替换原有基团贡献法的数据库参数,重新预测烷烃-氨的相平衡,成功预测得到了蝶形相图.     

Approximating partition functions of the two-state spin system

Two-state spin system is a classical topic in statistical physics. We consider the problem of computing the partition function of the system on a bounded degree graph. Based on the self-avoiding tree, we prove the system exhibits strong correlation decay under the condition that the absolute value of inverse temperature is small. Due to strong correlation decay property, an FPTAS for the partition function is presented and uniqueness of Gibbs measure of the two-state spin system on a bounded degree infinite graph is proved, under the same condition. This condition is sharp for Ising model.     

An anomaly-based detection in ubiquitous network using the equilibrium state of the catastrophe theory

It has been increasingly important for Pervasive and Ubiquitous Applications (PUA) of the network traffic, especially anomaly detection which plays a critical role in enforcing a high protection level of the network against threats. In this paper, we present a network traffic anomaly detection method based on the catastrophe theory. In order to characterize the normal behavior of the network, we construct a profile of the normal network traffic by using an equilibrium surface of the catastrophe theory. When anomalies occur, the state of the network traffic will deviate from the normal equilibrium surface. Then, taking the normal equilibrium surface as a reference, we monitor the ongoing network traffic and we use a new index called as catastrophe distance to quantify the deviation. According to the decision theory, network traffic anomalies can be identified by the catastrophe distance. We evaluate the performance of our approach using the DARPA intrusion detection data set. Experiment results show that our approach is significantly effective on the network traffic anomaly detection.     

Stability of an equilibrium state in a multiinfectious-type SIS model on a truncated network

In a homogeneous constant population, the basic SIS model potentially has an epidemic equilibrium state with global asymptotic stability since it can be reduced to the logistic equation. On the basic SIS model with a nonhomogeneous constant population, viewed as a multitype SIS model, the global or local asymptotic stability of an epidemic equilibrium state has also been studied.^1–4 However, this kind of analysis in other models with nonhomogeneous populations has rarely been developed, even though the corresponding models with homogeneous populations are well known. In addition, recent studies of complex networks have revealed that heterogeneity of the link number of vertices drastically changes the epidemic thresholds.^5–9 For these reasons, figuring out the roles of heterogeneity is a major topic in epidemic modeling. Here, we consider a multiinfectious-type SIS model on a network, and show the (local or global) asymptotic stability of an epidemic equilibrium state whenever it exists. This work was presented in part at the 11th International Symposium of Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 23–25, 2006