有限元方法在金属塑性成形中的应用

有限元法是应用于金属塑性成形数值模拟中的一种有效的数值计算方法.详细介绍了弹塑性、刚塑性、粘塑性3种有限元法.刚塑性有限元法适用于大塑性变形,包括板带、型钢轧制和环件轧制的模拟分析等.弹塑性有限元法在金属塑性成形数值模拟中应用最广.与刚塑性方法相比,弹塑性有限元法还能有效处理卸载问题,计算残余应力和应变.而粘塑性有限元法适用于金属热变形或强化不显著的软金属变形.同时,结合国内外最新的具体实例说明了这些方法在金属塑性成形领域中的具体应用,展望了有限元方法在金属塑性成形中的发展.     

叶片精密锻造过程数值模拟技术研究进展

介绍了叶片精锻成形的三维有限元数值模拟的过程,以及固体型塑性有限元法和流动型塑性有限元法的特点,针对近年来叶片精锻成形的三维有限元数值模拟技术对工艺参数及微观组织演化进行模拟的现状,进行了详细论述,在此基础上,提出了叶片精密锻造的三维有限元数值模拟技术未来发展的方向。     

金属超声振动塑性成形技术研究现状及其发展趋势

金属超声振动塑性成形,由于能够有效降低设备成形力,提高材料成形极限,改善成形零件质量,在塑性成形领域逐渐发挥了重要作用。介绍了金属超声振动塑性成形的原理与主要特点,以及理论机制中"体积效应"和"表面效应"的研究进展。综述了超声振动在铝/镁合金等轻合金塑性成形工艺中应用的研究现状。提出了目前金属超声振动塑性成形在理论和应用研究中存在的主要问题,并对该技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

塑性有限元法在金属轧制过程中组织演化模拟进展

介绍了塑性有限元法在金属轧制过程中组织演化模拟的发展历程和新进展,包括刚塑性有限元法和弹塑性有限元法的理论基础;通过物理冶金模型有限元模拟轧制过程中的组织演变;元胞自动机与有限元结合进行轧制过程多尺度综合模拟;利用晶体塑性有限元研究轧制过程中成形极限、取向织构和空洞长大行为等。最后展望了其今后的发展趋势。     

金属塑性成形三维有限元模拟软件3D - PFS的开发

金属塑性成形过程的三维有限元模拟仿真是否有效的关键在于快速适用的算法和有效的模拟系统.介绍了自主开发的三维刚塑性/刚粘塑性有限元模拟分析软件3D-PFs的组成及关键技术问题的处理,并给出了计算实例.结果表明:利用该系统可实现对体积和板料成形过程的模拟分析,获得成形过程中材料在模腔中的流动情况及成形规律,该系统是研究金属塑性成形的有效工具.     

超声振动辅助塑性成形及形性预测研究进展

随着微机电系统等领域的快速发展,对零件成形精度与性能的要求日益增加。超声振动辅助塑性成形是一种典型的能场辅助塑性成形工艺,相比于传统塑性成形工艺,具有流动应力低、材料成形能力高、界面摩擦少、成形质量较好等优势,被广泛应用于难成形材料加工、微成形、复杂构件成形等塑性成形过程。然而,由于不同塑性成形工艺中金属的变形行为特性存在较大差异,对塑性成形质量与成形性能进行预测有利于实现成形过程的形性协同控制。介绍了超声振动辅助塑性成形在体积成形工艺（镦粗、挤压、拉拔等）与板料成形工艺（拉伸、拉深、渐进成形、冲压等）中的应用及发展概况,讨论了超声振动对材料塑性变形过程中宏观表现与微观演化的影响。在已有研究基础上,重点分析了超声振动辅助塑性成形过程中成形能力预测（流动应力、成形极限等方面）和成形性能预测（表面性能、力学性能、微观组织等方面）的研究进展,为金属零部件成形高质量形性调控提供理论参考,并展望了超声辅助塑性成形工艺的发展趋势。     

金属体积塑性成形过程数值模拟技术与仿真系统

介绍了金属体积塑性成形过程数值模拟方法、关键应用技术及其仿真系统的构成和国内外相关软件系统,对二维、三维有限元网格自动生成技术进行了较为详细的论述,综述了金属塑性成形过程优化设计方法、有限体积法以及无网格方法的国内外现状.最后给出了目前存在的问题及其将来应努力的方向.     

金属体积塑性成形过程数值模拟技术与仿真系统

介绍了金属体积塑性成形过程数值模拟方法、关键应用技术及其仿真系统的构成和国内外相关软件系统,对二维、三维有限元网格自动生成技术进行了较为详细的论述,综述了金属塑性成形过程优化设计方法、有限体积法以及无网格方法的国内外现状.最后给出了目前存在的问题及其将来应努力的方向.     

大块非晶合金在过冷液相区微塑性成形的研究进展

综述了大块非晶合金在过冷液相区微塑性成形的工艺、成形性能评价及有限元技术应用方面的研究进展.指出应用大块非晶合金在过冷液相区粘性流变特性的微塑性成形技术及分析和优化成形工艺的有限元技术发展迅速.展望了过冷液相区微塑性成形技术的进一步研究对大块非晶合金在MEMS典型精细零件加工方面应用的巨大推动作用.     

板材超塑性拉延过程的数值模拟

板料超塑性成形是一种全新的成形方法.用刚塑性有限元法对Zn-22Al合金U形拉延过程进行了数值模拟,分析了变形过程中工件的应力、应变、摩擦和厚度分布,揭示了成形过程中金属的塑性变形规律,为成形工艺设计提供了有效的分析工具.     

Experimental and finite element simulation methods for rate-dependent metal forming processes

An experimental procedure and a finite element simulation method for rate-dependent metal forming processes are developed. The development includes the formulation of a tangential stiffness matrix for an axisymmetric solid finite element with four node, eight degree of freedom, quadrilateral cross-section. The formulation includes the effects of elasticity, viscoplasticity, temperature, strain rate and large strains. The solution procedure is based on a Newton-Raphson incremental-iterative method which solves the non-linear equilibrium equations and gives temperatures and incremental stresses and strains. Three examples are studied. In example 1, finite element simulation for the upsetting of a cylindrical workpiece between two perfectly rough dies is performed and the results are compared with alternative finite element solutions. In examples 2 and 3, both experimental and finite element studies are performed for the upsetting of a cylindrical billet and the forging of a ball, respectively. Annealed aluminium 1100 workpieces are used in both examples. For the finite element analysis, uniaxial compression tests are first performed to provide the material properties. The tests generate elastic moduli and two sets of stress-strain curves (quasi-static and constant strain rate), which are used to establish a rate-dependent material model for input. For both examples 2 and 3, comparisons between the experimental and finite element simulation results for the forming force vs. die displacement relations and also for the deformed configurations show good agreement. The versatility of finite element methods allows for displaying detailed knowledge of the metal forming process, such as the distributions of temperature rise, yield stress, effective stress, plastic strain, plastic strain rate, forming forces and deformed configurations, etc. at any instance during the forming process.     

Adaptive 2D finite element simulation of metal forming processes

The development and integration of available current methods and the development of new methods for an adaptive finite element analysis of metal forming processes are presented. The analysis includes large-strain, elastic–plastic, and thermal effects. Many numerical methods such as mesh generation, simulation of the contact between the workpiece and tool and die, and optimization of the finite element mesh are integrated and incorporated. In addition, an algorithm is developed which can detect certain severely distorted elements where the area of integration is approaching zero. The advantage of correcting these regions of locally distorted elements is demonstrated. These numerical methods are implemented in a finite element program developed for simulating metal forming processes, with the emphasis on automating the analysis. Examples include an axisymmetric stress simulation of a coldheading process, a plane strain simulation of an extrusion process and a plane strain simulation of orthogonal metal cutting, all with noticeable thermal effects. The orthogonal cutting forces and feed forces calculated are compared with two sets of experimental data, with good agreement.     

Investigation of spring-go phenomenon using finite element method

Bending is an application used in the sheet metal forming processes in many industries. One of the main problems of the bending process is the occurrence of spring-back/spring-go. Past research has investigated the spring-back problem. However, the spring-go problem was rarely investigated. In this study, the spring-go phenomenon was investigated using the finite element method (FEM) on the V-bending process. The FEM simulation results clearly and theoretically clarified the spring-go phenomenon on the material flow analysis and stress distribution. The comparison between the spring-back and spring-go phenomena was also clarified.     

金属激光3D打印过程数值模拟应用及研究现状

数值模拟可以高效、有针对性地对金属激光选区熔化成型过程中的温度场、熔池形状、残余应力和变形、凝固过程微观组织演变等过程建立相应的模型并对成形件的相关性能做出准确预测,为工艺优化提供科学的依据,显著降低工艺开发成本和缩短工艺开发周期,有力推动金属增材制造向工业级应用的转变。本文综述了金属激光增材制造过程中温度场、熔池动力学、成形件内部残余应力和变形、显微组织变化4个方面数值模拟的最新研究进展,概述了金属SLM过程数值模拟所取得的最新进展,分析了金属SLM数值模拟领域的研究热点和所存在的计算时间长、成本高等问题,最后提出金属SLM过程数值模拟应将3D打印过程中快速凝固、微熔池等特征与大数据、人工智能、深度学习等技术相结合,进一步提高数值模拟精度,拓宽金属激光增材制造加工窗口,为个性化产品开发提供指导。     

数值模拟技术在微成形研究中的应用

微成形技术具备高生产效率、高材料利用率和优异的成形质量,是一种极具发展前景的高精度加工技术。数值模拟技术作为一种先进的研究手段,可以在塑性加工中对材料的变形和工艺可行性等进行评估和预测,达到节约生产成本、缩短研发周期的作用。主要综述了数值模拟技术在微成形研究中的典型应用。介绍了数值模拟技术在研究材料性质和材料变形方面的应用,包括利用Voronoi方法和晶体塑性方法建立金属多晶体模型,研究了微成形过程中材料的变形机制和尺寸效应,建立了材料摩擦函数、构建了零件粗糙表面,研究了微成形过程中的摩擦行为;将晶粒大小、晶体取向与板料模型相关联,研究了微成形过程中薄板的回弹行为和成形极限。除此之外,也介绍了近年来微成形领域的许多新成形技术,如激光辅助微成形、水射流增量微成形、超声辅助微成形,以及数值模拟方法在这些新微成形技术方面的应用。最后,总结了数值模拟技术在微成形研究中所起的作用,并展望了该领域的未来发展趋势。     

滚珠直径对薄壁筒形件反向滚珠旋压成形性影响研究

以工艺实验和刚塑性有限元法为基础,研究了滚珠直径对薄壁筒形件反向滚珠旋压成形性的影响.有限元模拟结果表明,随着滚珠直径的增加,轴向旋压力的波动减小,滚珠前方金属堆积减小,金属稳定流动性增加.工艺实验结果表明,滚珠直径对薄壁筒形件反向滚珠旋压成形性的影响存在两个临界值,而且随着滚珠直径的增加,滚珠旋压力增加,筒坯较易发生...     

Deform有限元模拟软件材料数据库的开发与应用

Deform是专业化金属塑性成形有限元模拟软件之一,在金属2D/3D成形加工和热处理工艺的模拟分析方面得到了广泛应用。然而,在Deform自带的材料数据库中缺乏常用合金的数据,迫切需要对其进行完善。在Deform原有材料库的基础上对材料数据库进行二次开发,建立了涵盖常用60种钢、26种高温合金和30种钛合金的材料数据库,实现了材料数据库与Deform有限元模拟软件的无缝集成,完善了Deform材料数据库,并验证了所添加材料的可靠性,从而达到了Deform有限元模拟软件为实际生产提供方便服务的目的。     

Experimental and finite element predictions of residual stresses due to orthogonal metal cutting

The development and implementation of a finite element method for the simulation of plane-strain orthogonal metal cutting processes with continuous chip formation are presented. Experimental procedures for orthogonal metal cutting and measurement of distributions of residual stresses using the X-ray diffraction method are also presented. A four-node, eight degree-of-freedom, quadrilateral plane-strain finite element is formulated. The effects of elasticity, viscoplasticity, temperature, friction, strain-rate and large strain are included in this formulation. Some special techniques for the finite element simulation of metal cutting processes, such as element separation and mesh rezoning, are used to enhance the computational accuracy and efficiency. The orthogonal metal cutting experiment is set-up on a shaper, and the distributions of residual stresses of the annealed 1020 carbon steel sample are measured using the X-ray diffraction method. Under nominally the same cutting conditions as the experiment, the cutting processes are also simulated using the finite element method. Comparisons of the experimental and finite element results for the distributions of residual stresses indicate a fairly reasonable level of agreement. The versatility of the present finite element simulation method allows for displaying detailed results and knowledge generated by orthogonal metal cutting processes, such as the distribution of temperature, yield stress, effective stress, plastic strain, plastic strain-rate, hydrostatic stress, deformed configuration, etc. Such knowledge is useful to provide physical insights into the process as well as to better design the process for machining parts with improved performance.     

复杂钣金零件充液拉深工艺分析与试验研究

目的研究复杂钣金零件充液拉深的成形性能,以代替传统的落压成形工艺。方法采用有限元方法对成形过程进行模拟,分析各工艺参数对零件成形质量的影响,以及起皱、破裂等缺陷出现的原因和避免方法,并获得合理的工艺参数范围。以仿真结果为依据,设置工艺试验的初始参数,对该复杂钣金零件进行充液成形试验,以验证工艺可行性。结果有限元仿真对成形过程中的起皱和破裂缺陷预测准确,并给出了可行的工艺参数范围;通过成形试验,验证了工艺参数的合理性,获得了合格零件。结论充液拉深工艺可以明显改进零件的成形性能,反胀压力、最大液室压力等是充液拉深工艺的重要参数,直接影响着充液拉深过程的成败。