孤岛渣油制取重质润滑油基础油工艺路线考察

通过对孤岛ＶＲＤＳ渣油脱沥青油制取重质润滑油基础油工艺路线对比研究发现，孤岛ＶＲＤＳ渣油采用溶剂脱沥青－溶剂脱蜡－白土处理工艺能够生产出高收率、性能好的重质润滑油，可以省去溶剂精制工艺，并且能得到合格的提纯地蜡。     

CH_4、CO_2与O_2制合成气的研究 Ⅱ工艺条件的影响

在固定床反应器中考察了１２％Ｎｉ－５％ＲＥ－２％Ｃｕ－２％Ｌｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３（ｍａｓｓ）催化剂在ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２与Ｏ２催化氧化重整制合成气反应中催化剂粒径、工艺操作条件（空速与温度）及原料气配比对反应的影响，确定了较佳的操作条件：催化剂粒径２０～４０目，反应最佳温度为８００℃，ＳＶ＝４×１０４ｍｌ／（ｇ·ｈ）。同时看到在不同的原料气配比的条件下该催化剂的活性亦很稳定，不仅达到了反应平衡，且产物Ｖ（ＣＯ）／Ｖ（Ｈ２）比有很强的调变性。     

CH_4、CO_2与O_2制合成气的研究 Ⅱ工艺条件的影响

在固定床反应器中考察了１２％Ｎｉ－５％ＲＥ－２％Ｃｕ－２％Ｌｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３（ｍａｓｓ）催化剂在ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２与Ｏ２催化氧化重整制合成气反应中催化剂粒径、工艺操作条件（空速与温度）及原料气配比对反应的影响，确定了较佳的操作条件：催化剂粒径２０～４０目，反应最佳温度为８００℃，ＳＶ＝４×１０４ｍｌ／（ｇ·ｈ）。同时看到在不同的原料气配比的条件下该催化剂的活性亦很稳定，不仅达到了反应平衡，且产物Ｖ（ＣＯ）／Ｖ（Ｈ２）比有很强的调变性。     

VRDS—FCC组合工艺的开发

本文介绍了ＶＲＤＳ－ＦＣＣ组合工艺的开发过程及工艺特点。通过对孤岛减压渣油加氢脱硫产品（ＨＶＲ－低硫重质燃料油）理论性质的研究，对全厂催化裂化原料的总体优化调配，对催化剂的评选和操作条件的确认，并在工业装置和实验室小型ＦＣＣ装置进行了掺炼ＨＶＲ的探索性试验，确立了ＶＲＤＳ－ＦＣＣ组合工艺，纳入了大型工业装置的正式运行行列。为拓宽催化裂化原料，提高原油加工深度，提高企业业经济效益方面发挥了巨大作用。     

美国UOP公司渣油深度加工组合工艺

美国ＵＯＰ公司渣油深度加工组合工艺１９９４年４月，ＵＯＰ公司介绍了渣油溶剂脱沥青（Ｄｅｍｅｘ）、延迟焦化（Ｃｏｋｅｒ）和重油脱硫（ＲＣＤ）３条渣油加工技术，以此３条工艺为基础又组合了７种工艺流程进行比较。１．渣油溶剂脱沥青（脱金属）Ｄｅｍｅｘ采用正了...     

三元非对称油藏流体高压汽液平衡的预测

使用Ｐ－Ｒ立方型状态方程和作者提出的Ｐ－Ｒ方程新的混合规则预测了三元非对称油藏流体ＣＯ＿２－ＣＨ＿４－ｎ－Ｃ＿１６Ｈ＿（３４）的高压汽液平衡，并与试验数据进行比较，其泡点压力的平均绝对百分偏差介于３％和１２％之间，较好地改进了Ｐ－Ｒ方程对多组份油藏流体高压汽液平衡的预测功能。     

VRDS－FCC组合工艺的开发

本文介绍了ＶＲＤＳ－ＦＣＣ组合工艺的开发过程及工艺特点。通过对孤岛减压渣油加氢脱硫产品（ＨＶＲ─低硫重质燃料油）理化性质的研究，对全厂催化裂化原料的总体优化调配，对催化剂的评选和操作条件的确认，并在工业装置和实验室小型ＦＣＣ装置进行了掺炼ＨＶＲ的探索性试验，确立了ＶＲＤＳＦＣＣ组合工艺，纳入了大型工业装置的正式运行行列。为拓宽催化裂化原料，提高原油加工深度，提高企业经济效益方面发挥了巨大作用。     

费托合成中气体在液相石蜡中溶解席关联的研究

对小分子气体（ＣＯ、Ｈ２、ＣＯ２、ＣＨ４、Ｃ２Ｈ４、Ｃ２Ｈ６等）在费托合成重质（即石蜡）中的溶解度进行了关联。研究表明。ＳＲＫ方程经过适当的改进可以对这种溶质分子尺寸与溶剂分子尺寸差别很大的极端情形而定量描述。通过对文献中２９个与费托在的二元体系（共４０６组数据）溶解度数据的回归,得到了改进的ＳＲＫ方程。该方程能够在蜡碳数范围为２０－６１的体系中使用;在此范围内,平均绝对偏差小于６％。而且,适当的     

用热重技术分析Ni/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂上的积炭行为

采用热重技术考察了４种镍基催化剂对ＣＨ４（实验中均使用天然气）┐ＣＯ２转化制备合成气在Ｖ（ＣＯ２）／Ｖ（ＣＨ４）＝１．３条件下的程序升温积炭行为，以及添加助剂的Ｎｉ┐２┐ＲＭ催化剂在不同Ｖ（ＣＯ２）／Ｖ（ＣＨ４）比时的积炭情况。结果表明添加助剂ＲＥ２Ｏ３和碱土助剂ＭｇＯ可提高催化剂的抗积炭能力；增大Ｖ（ＣＯ２）／Ｖ（ＣＨ４）比也可有效地防止积炭，进一步得出了４００℃焙烧的Ｎｉ┐２┐ＲＭ催化剂活性组份氧化物为Ｎｉ２Ｏ３的结论。     

渣油加氢脱硫拓宽了渣油催化裂化的应用

常压渣油加氢脱硫或减压渣油加氢脱硫与渣油催化裂化的组合工艺，提出了一个竞争力的加工燃料油的路线。在ＲＦＣＣ装置前采用ＲＤＳ或ＶＲＤＳ，可以使炼油厂加工的原油有更宽的选择范围、同时能经济地将渣油转化成动作用油田。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.