壳聚糖修饰磁性纳米粒子对BSA的吸附性能

采用化学共沉淀法制备磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子,以（3-氯丙基）三甲氧基硅烷为偶联剂将壳聚糖共价键合到磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子的表面,通过红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及热重分析（TGA）对其进行了表征。主要研究了不同影响因素（吸附时间、pH值、牛血清白蛋白浓度）下壳聚糖修饰的磁性纳米粒子对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的吸附性能。结果得到壳聚糖修饰的磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子粒径为20 nm左右,壳聚糖在磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子表面的接枝率为15.40%。研究表明：在不同条件下,与未修饰的磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子相比,经壳聚糖修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子对BSA均表现出较强的吸附能力。     

交联壳聚糖多孔微球吸附亮绿的研究

利用液体石蜡作有机分散介质,戊二醛作交联剂,制备了交联壳聚糖多孔微球,采用SEM对壳聚糖微球的形貌、大小进行了表征,研究交联壳聚糖微球对亮绿的吸附性能,探讨交联壳聚糖多孔微球用量、亮绿初始浓度、pH值、吸附时间、吸附温度的影响.结果表明,室温下,交联壳聚糖微球粒径为0.5～1.0 mm,亮绿初始浓度10 mg·L-1,pH=6,振摇30 min时,吸附量达1.22 mg·g-1;CODCr去除率达73%.亮绿初始浓度越大,吸附量越大,吸附速率越大;吸附剂用量越大,平衡吸附量越小,吸附速率越大.交联壳聚糖微球对亮绿具有很高的吸附容量和较快的吸附速率,再生重复使用,其脱色率仍达90%以上.等温吸附较好符合Freundlich方程.     

α-酮戊二酸修饰壳聚糖微球对牛血清蛋白的吸附

采用反相悬浮法制备交联壳聚糖微球,再与α-酮戊二酸反应生成Schiff碱,NaBH4还原制得改性壳聚糖微球.用FFIR、SEM和XRD对其进行表征,并将之用于牛血清白蛋白的吸附研究,考察了吸附时间,溶液pH值、牛血清白蛋白的浓度.温度、NaCl含量等因素对牛血清白蛋白吸附的影响.结果表明,α-酮戊二酸改性交联壳聚糖微球不溶于酸和碱,对牛血清白蛋白具有良好的吸附性能,在pH=5.0时,吸附在1 h内可达平衡,吸附数据符合Langmuir等温方程和Lagergren二级动力学方程.     

牛血清白蛋白在交联壳聚糖微球上的吸附研究

采用反相悬浮法,以甲醛为预交联剂,环氧氯丙烷交联制备壳聚糖微球,用红外光谱和扫描电镜对微球进行表征,并用于牛血清白蛋白的吸附研究.考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、牛血清白蛋白的浓度、温度、氯化钠含量等因素对牛血清白蛋白吸附的影响.结果表明,交联CTS微球不溶于酸和碱,对牛血清白蛋白具有良好的吸附性能,在pH 5.0时,吸附在1.5 h内可达平衡,吸附数据符合Langmuir等温方程.     

氨基化磁性微球的制备及对辣椒碱的吸附性能研究

采用溶剂热法制备了Fe3O4磁性微球,利用凝胶法对Fe3O4包覆Si O2,用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷修饰Fe3O4@Si O2,制备氨基功能化磁性微球。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外吸收光谱仪(FT-IR)对所制备的氨基功能化磁性微球进行表征。将氨基功能化磁性微球作为辣椒碱的磁固相萃取材料,对辣椒碱进行了吸附性能实验。结果表明,在辣椒碱浓度为20μg·mL-1、吸附剂用量为40 mg、温度为20℃的条件下,氨基功能化磁性微球的最大吸附量为31.58mg·g-1。     

磁性复合微球对铬离子的吸附条件研究

以磁性纳米壳聚糖微球为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,采用共价交联法,负载鞘细菌S9构建磁性鞘细菌微球。通过单因素和正交设计实验,对该复合生物微球吸附铬离子的条件进行研究,结果发现磁性复合微球对铬离子的吸附性能明显高于磁性纳米壳聚糖和游离鞘细菌,同时得到最适吸附组合为A1B1C1,即当铬离子初始浓度为40mg/m L,吸附温度30℃,吸附时间30min,磁性复合微球对铬离子的吸附作用最佳,吸附量和吸附率分别为58.16mg/g和44.52%。     

Cu~(2+)-IDA金属螯合尼龙-壳聚糖复合膜的制备及其亲和分离性能研究

为获得既具有良好机械强度和化学稳定性又具有大量活性官能团的金属螯合亲和膜介质,以尼龙膜为基膜,采用环氧氯丙烷活化共价偶联壳聚糖,制备尼龙-壳聚糖复合膜,膜上偶联壳聚糖的含量达98.2 mg·(g膜)-1,为配基的固载提供了大量活性位点.再次采用环氧氯丙烷活化复合膜,进而偶联亚氨二乙酸(IDA)、固定化Cu2+,获得金属螯合尼龙-壳聚糖复合型亲和膜,配基Cu2+固载量为5.4μmo1·cm-2.以牛血清白蛋白为目标蛋白,考察亲和膜的分离性能.研究结果表明:牛血清白蛋白在膜上的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,膜对牛血清白蛋白具有较好的亲和吸附效果,吸附容量达1.09 mg·cm-2.该膜具有较长的使用寿命并且容易再生.     

嗜硫磁性微球特异性分离牛免疫球蛋白G

利用徽悬浮法制各微米级顺磁性聚合物微球,进一步使用嗜硫性配基（2-巯基噻唑啉）进行表面修饰。并利用此嗜硫性聚合物磁性微球对成牛血清的免疫球蛋白G进行特异性分离。结果表明,聚合物徽球的粒径为0．6～20岫,磁性微球的磁含量高于47％,在PH=3．5的柠檬酸缓冲液中可以特异性吸附成牛血清中的免疫球蛋白G,用低盐浓度NaCI（0．6mol／L）实现解吸附,同时分离提纯后抗体活性依然可以高达99％,磁球分离效率达到88％,最高分离量可以达到39．5mg／g。     

高磁场响应性蛋白偶联磁性微球的制备及其在药物-蛋白结合常数测定中的应用

以蛋白偶联磁性微球(MB)为固相基质,通过磁场下快速分离蛋白和上清,高效液相色谱法测定上清中的药物浓度,建立了测定药物与蛋白结合常数(Ka)的新方法。选择对药物非特异性吸附较少和磁响应性较高的四氧化三铁磁性微球为载体,分别以1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(EDC/NHS)及戊二醛作为偶联剂,制备牛血清白蛋白(BSA)包覆的磁性微球(MB-BSA),两种偶联方法所得磁性微球的蛋白最大键合量均为50μg/mg。以布洛芬为模型药物,研究药物在蛋白偶联磁性微球上的吸附行为及药物-蛋白的相互作用模式,优化药物吸附和解吸过程。利用高效液相色谱法测定经磁性分离的上清液中的游离药物浓度,通过罗森塔尔方程计算药物与BSA结合常数。最后将所建立的方法应用到色氨酸、安立生坦、瑞替加滨、罗氟司特等4种不同药物与蛋白的结合常数的测定,获得满意结果。     

磁性壳聚糖微球固定化小牛白蛋白的研究

考察了磁性壳聚糖微球对磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液中小牛白蛋白的吸附性能,采用TEM(透射电镜)、XRD(X-射线粉末衍射)分析微球的形貌、组成,深入探讨了磁性壳聚糖微球用量对蛋白质脱除率的影响、吸附温度和蛋白质溶液离子强度对微球吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,蛋白质脱除率随磁性壳聚糖微球用量增大而增大,最终趋于平稳;随着温度升高,微球吸附蛋白量先增加后减小;蛋白溶液离子强度增加,微球吸附蛋白量降低。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。