厚板2195铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊缝组织及性能研究

采用搅拌头转速800r/min、焊接速度150mm/min、搅拌头倾角2.5°的工艺参数焊接了10mm厚2195铝锂合金,并对接头组织及性能开展分析研究。结果表明:厚板2195铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织分为焊核区、热机影响区、热影响区及轴肩影响区四个区域,且焊核中心也有明显的"洋葱环"结构;接头抗拉强度及延伸率分别达到母材的70%与60%,力学性能良好;接头各区域受搅拌作用及热循环影响的不同,晶粒组织尺寸存在差异,焊核区硬度最低,热机影响区次之,母材区硬度最大;接头断口以等轴韧窝为主,属于典型韧性断裂。     

6061铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能研究

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法(FSW)对6 mm厚的6061-T4铝合金板材进行对接,焊后利用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析、对比了焊接接头和母材的显微组织和断口形貌特征,并测试了其室温拉伸性能和显微硬度。实验结果表明:选择了适合于6061-T4铝合金板材搅拌摩擦焊的工艺参数:焊接时搅拌头旋转速度为1200 r.min-1,工件的进给速度为300 mm.min-1,在此参数下获得了与母材等强度、韧性接近于母材的焊接接头,为此种合金应用于汽车关键零部件提供了可靠的工艺方法。FSW板材接头焊核区的组织和性能明显优于其他区,热影响区是接头最薄弱的部分,焊核区的硬度最高,而热影响区的硬度最低,焊缝金属发生回复再结晶使晶粒细化。断口分析表明,断裂发生在热影响区,由于搅拌头的旋转运动和热量的累积,该区存在晶粒长大、组织粗化现象。对工艺参数的优化实验表明,搅拌头旋转速度与焊接速度对接头性能的影响存在一定的适配关系,通过工艺参数的调整可以有效地控制热影响区的焊缝组织和改善焊接接头的性能。细晶强化是搅拌摩擦焊接头强度与韧性提高的主要原因。     

LF21薄板搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究及微观组织分析

采用搅拌摩擦焊接方法对厚度为1．5mm的LF21薄板铝合金板在进行焊接试验,首次提出搅拌头旋转速度为5000r／min时的焊接工艺,实验结果表明：在焊接速度为70～105mm／min,压入量适中,并采用喷气冷却,可以获得较好的焊接接头,抗拉强度达到最大值111．530MPa。焊缝中存在3个组织变化区,其中焊核区内是细小均匀的等轴晶,焊缝两侧热机影响区组织存在较大差异,热影响区组织发生了回复、再结晶和粗化。     

新能源动力电池中铝铜激光焊接研究进展

文章梳理了国内外学者对铝/铜异种金属激光焊接研究中金属间化合物对接头强度的影响,功率调制、脉冲形状和扫描路径对焊接接头质量的影响,不同搭接组合形式对接头组织性能的影响等方面获得的研究进展,并进一步展望了微米级铝/铜激光焊接的发展趋势,旨在为后续研究提供借鉴和参考。     

石墨-铜扩散连接的界面行为

以Ag Cu Ti合金粉末为过渡层,采用扩散连接法对石墨与铜进行扩散连接实验。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、金相显微镜及万能材料实验机对连接界面的性能及微观形貌进行研究。研究结果表明:在工艺参数为870℃/200 k Pa/10 min的条件下可实现石墨-Cu连接,其接头界面组织结构为石墨/Ti C/铜基固溶体+富银区/铜;接头剪切强度为17 MPa,断裂在石墨母材;并分析了石墨/Ag-Cu-Ti/铜真空加压烧结接头的形成机理。     

超低碳微合金X100管线钢CO2焊焊接接头的组织和性能

 采用CO2焊接方法焊接X100管线钢,分析了不同焊接工艺下焊接接头组织和性能的变化特征。随着焊接热输入的增加,焊接接头的屈服强度和抗拉强度降低,焊缝和热影响区处的冲击吸收功呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,而焊缝组织均以针状铁素体（AF）为主。焊接热输入为1.17 kJ/mm时,粗晶区的显微组织主要是贝氏体铁素体（BF）,强韧匹配性最为优异;当热输入增加至1.91 kJ/mm时,粗晶区的组织除了BF外,还出现了粒状贝氏体（GB）,强韧水平明显降低。综合考虑,可将1.17 kJ/mm作为X100管线钢CO2焊接时的最佳热输入。     

7005-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊接工艺与接头组织性能研究

通过固定搅拌头旋转速度,改变焊接速度对8 mm厚7005-T6铝合金板材对接接头进行搅拌摩擦焊,分析了在搅拌摩擦焊过程中不同焊接速度对焊接接头力学性能、焊缝微观组织和硬度的影响.研究表明,当焊接速度在200～350 mm/min时,接头的抗拉强度先减小后增大,当焊接速度为350 mm/min时焊接接头抗拉强度最高.由于...     

400MPa级超细晶粒钢的焊接

对超细晶粒钢在焊接热循环作用下晶粒长大和组织、性能变化的规律进行了研究。400 MPa级钢由于不存在第Ⅱ相粒子对晶粒长大的钉扎作用,晶粒长大趋势明显,焊接热输入越大,长大程度越严重。无论是焊接热模拟试件还是焊接接头硬度测试均表明HAZ不存在软化问题,接头拉伸试验断在远离热影响区的母材上。HAZ粗晶区有较多的侧板条铁素体,但缺口冲击功未显示热影响区的冲击韧性低于母材,尽管试件断口分析说明粗晶区的韧性低于母材。     

不同焊速下7×××系铝合金FSW接头组织及性能研究

采用金相、扫描、显微硬度测试、拉伸等试验手段,研究了转速1 600 r/min,焊速600 mm/min、900 mm/min以及1 200 mm/min下7046-T6铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织与性能。试验结果表明:焊核区的晶粒细小均匀,600 mm/min焊速下焊核区的晶粒较为粗大。受热循环的作用,热影响区晶粒呈现一定程度的粗化长大。热机影响区和焊核区的过渡区的最低硬度为108 HV。当焊接速度为900 mm/min时,焊接效果较好,焊接接头的强度为350.3 MPa,达到母材抗拉强度500 MPa的70.1%。     

Nb、Ti微合金化对Q345R压力容器板焊接性能的影响

 通过力学性能测试及微观组织分析研究了传统中板及低碳,Nb-Ti微合金化Q345R热连轧压力容器板在手工焊、气保焊及埋弧焊3种焊接工艺下的接头性能,测定了不同焊接工艺下接头各区域的硬度分布,评价了Q345R接头力学性能。试验结果表明,连轧Q345R板焊接接头具有更好的综合性能,其接头冲击韧性明显好于传统中板,粗晶区淬硬程度低。连轧板良好的性能来源于TMCP工艺下碳当量降低及Nb-Ti微合金化处理改善了基体及接头的微观组织。     

Study of welding ultra‐fine grained ferrite steel by CO2 laser

Ultra‐fine grained ferrite steels have higher strength and better toughness than the normal ferrite steels because of their micrometer or sub‐micrometer sized grains. In this paper the ultra‐fine grained steel SS400 is welded by CO₂ laser. The shape of weld, cooling rate of HAZ, width of HAZ, microstructures and mechanical properties of the joint are discussed. Experimental results indicate that laser beam welding can produce weld with a large ratio of depth to width. The cooling rate of HAZ of laser beam welding is fast, the growth of prior austenite grains of HAZ is limited, and the width of weld and HAZ is narrow. The microstructures of weld metal and coarse‐grained HAZ of laser beam welding mainly consist of B_L + M (small amount). With proper laser power and welding speed, good comprehensive mechanical properties can be acquired. The toughness of weld metal and coarse‐grained HAZ are higher than that of base metal. There is no softened zone after laser beam welding. The tensile strength of a welded joint is higher than that of base metal. The welded joint has good bending ductility.     

Effect of Process Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloy

Friction stir welding process is a promising solid state joining process with the potential to join low melting point materials, particularly aluminum alloys. The most attractive reason for this is the avoidance of solidification defects formed during conventional fusion welding processes. Tool rotational speed and the welding speed play a major role in deciding the weld quality. In the present work an effort has been made to study the effect of the tool rotational speed and welding speed on mechanical and metallurgical properties of friction stir welded joints of aluminum alloy AA6082-T651. The micro hardness profiles obtained on welded zone indicate uniform distribution of grains in the stir zone. The maximum tensile strength obtained is 263 MPa which is about 85% of that of base metal. Scanning electron microscope was used to show the fractured surfaces of tensile tested specimens.     

Geometry of laser spot welds from dimensionless numbers

Recent computer calculations of heat transfer and fluid flow in welding were intended to provide useful insight about weldment geometry for certain specific welding conditions and alloys joined. However, no generally applicable correlation for the joining of all materials under various welding conditions was sought in previous work. To address this difficulty, computer models of fluid flow and heat transfer were used for the prediction of weld pool geometry in materials with diverse properties, such as gallium, pure aluminum, aluminum alloy 5182, pure iron, steel, titanium, and sodium nitrate under various welding conditions. From the results, a generally applicable relationship was developed between Peclet (Pe) and Marangoni (Ma) numbers. For a given material, Ma and Pe increased with the increase in laser power and decrease in beam radius. For materials with high Prandtl number (Pr), such as sodium nitrate, the Pe and Ma were high, and heat was transported primarily by convection within the weld pool. The resulting welds were shallow and wide. For low Pr number materials, like aluminum, the Pe and Ma were low in most cases, and low Pe made the weld pool deep and narrow. The cross-sectional areas of stationary and low speed welds could be correlated with welding conditions and material properties using dimensionless numbers proposed in this article.     

Laser Welding of Ultra-Fine Grained Steel SS400

Steeliswidelyusedbecauseofitsgoodcompre hensive properties ,plentyofresourceandlowerprice .Thestrengthandtoughnessaretwoimpor tantpropertiesofsteels ,andpeoplemakeeffortstoincreasetheirvalues .Addingalloyingelementandcontrollingmicrostructurearetwobasicwaystoac complishtheaim .Therefinedmicrostructureob tainedbyprocessingtechniqueenablesthestrengthandtoughnessofsteeltobeincreasedwithoutaddingalloyingelementandtheratioofperformance costtobeincreased .Theultra finegrainedsteelshavefer ritegrains…     

激光拼焊异种超高强钢组织和力学性能

 汽车轻量化后对安全性和碰撞吸能性提出了更高要求,从而促进了高强、吸能材料及其拼接技术的发展。以汽车安保件之一的汽车B柱为研究对象,采用能满足要求的DP980双相钢和22MnB5热冲压成型钢异种材料进行激光拼焊,研究焊接热输入对焊接接头显微组织与力学性能的影响。通过保持激光输出功率不变(1.3 kW)改变焊接速度的方法控制焊接热输入,考察焊接热输入与拼焊接头组织和力学性能之间的关系。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度测试仪和拉伸试验机研究接头不同亚区的组织和性能。结果表明,当焊接速度为16~26 mm/s时,均获得了完整而无缺陷的熔化区组织;随着焊接速度的提高,不仅焊缝表面凹陷逐步改善,并且焊接热影响区宽度也随之减小。硬度测试表明,接头中存在明显的软化区域,主要分布在DP980侧热影响区的回火区和不完全相变区,而DP980侧热影响区的细晶区、粗晶区、22MnB5侧热影响区以及焊缝金属区的硬度则有所增加,形成了焊接接头的硬化区。拼焊接头在能形成完整接头的条件下抗拉强度保持为576~597 MPa,断裂均发生在22MnB5侧的母材区,断裂时有明显的颈缩现象;接头断后伸长率为11.9%~15.5%,介于DP980母材(11%)和22MnB5(22%)母材的断后伸长率之间;研究还表明,焊接热输入越大,焊接接头相同区域的组织越粗大。     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of AA7075-T6 Sheet: Microstructure,Mechanical Properties,Micro-texture,and Thermal History

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a cost-effective and high-quality joining process for aluminum alloys (especially heat-treatable alloys) that is historically operated at lower joining speeds (up to hundreds of millimeters per minute). In this study, we present a microstructural analysis of friction stir welded AA7075-T6 blanks with high welding speeds up to 3 M/min. Textures, microstructures, mechanical properties, and weld quality are analyzed using TEM, EBSD, metallographic imaging, and Vickers hardness. The higher welding speed results in narrower, stronger heat-affected zones (HAZs) and also higher hardness in the nugget zones. The material flow direction in the nugget zone is found to be leaning towards the welding direction as the welding speed increases. Results are coupled with welding parameters and thermal history to aid in the understanding of the complex material flow and texture gradients within the welds in an effort to optimize welding parameters for high-speed processing.     

Effect of current pulses on the temperature distribution and microstructure in TIG tantalum welds

The welding process employed for bonding metals by melting and solidification produces a joint which is generally inhomogeneous. The micro structure of the fused zone and its adjacent heat affected zone, HAZ, is usually different from the microstructure of the parent metal, obtained by mechanical working or heat treatment. The fused zone is usually composed of coarse columnar grains characteristic of as-cast structures. If the parent metal was originally cold-worked, recrystallization will occur in the HAZ, producing a coarse grained structure. As a result of the effect of the microstructure on the mechanical properties of the weld, the obtained joint may be weaker than the rest of the structure which was not affected by the heat of the welding. Although in some cases it is possible to improve the properties of the weld by post-welding heat treatment, different methods are tried in order to improve the microstructure directly during the welding process.     

焊接电流对镁/镀锌钢 TIG熔--钎焊接头显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用TIG熔-钎焊焊接方法,以镁合金焊丝为填充材料,对镁合金与镀锌钢进行连接实验,并分析热输入量对接头显微组织和力学性能的影响.热输入量过小会阻碍镁/钢界面反应层的形成而使得焊缝难以焊合,热输入量过大又会促进焊缝内部脆性第二相的长大,降低接头力学性能.接头强度随着焊接电流和焊接速度的增大都呈现先上升后下降的趋势,电流为70 A时强度达到最大,该值接近AZ31B母材的88.7%.此时断裂发生于焊缝熔焊区,断面出现大量韧窝和撕裂棱,呈现出塑性断裂特征.      

The Effect of Cu Powder During Friction Stir Welding on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA3003-H18

Friction stir welding (FSW) was used to join 3003-H18 non-heat-treatable aluminum alloy plates by adding copper powder. The copper powder was first added to the gap (0.1 and 0.2 mm) between two plates and then the FSW was performed. The specimens were joined at various rotational speeds of 800, 1000, and 1200 rpm at traveling speeds of 70 and 100 mm/min. The effects of rotational speed, second pass of FSW, and direction of second pass also were studied on copper particle distribution and formation of Al-Cu intermetallic compounds in the stir zone. The second pass of FSW was carried out in two ways; in line with the first pass direction (2F) and in the reverse direction of the first pass (FB). The microstructure, mechanical properties, and formation of intermetallic compounds type were investigated. In high copper powder compaction into the gap, large clusters were formed in the stir zone, while fine clusters and sound copper particles distribution were obtained in low powder compaction. The copper particle distribution and amount of Al-Cu intermetallic compounds were increased in the stir zone with increasing the rotational speed and applying the second pass. Al₂Cu and AlCu intermetallic phases were formed in the stir zone and consequently the hardness was significantly increased. The copper particles and in situ intermetallic compounds were symmetrically distributed in both advancing and retreating sides of weld zone after FB passes. Thus, the wider area was reinforced by the intermetallic compounds. Also, the tensile test specimens tend to fracture from the coarse copper aggregation at the low rotational speeds. At high rotational speeds, the fracture locations are placed in HAZ and TMAZ.     

Effect of Welding Parameters on Tensile Properties and Fatigue Behavior of Friction Stir Welded 2014-T6 Aluminum Alloy

The present work describes the effect of welding parameters on the tensile properties and fatigue behaviour of 2014-T6 aluminum alloy joints produced by friction stir welding (FSW). Characterization of the samples has been carried out by means of microstructure, microhardness, tensile properties and fatigue behaviors. The hardness in the softened weld region decreases with decreasing the welding speed. Irrespective of the tool rotation speeds, the best tensile and fatigue properties were obtained in the joints with the welding speed of 80 mm/min. The joint welded with a rotating speed of 1520 rpm at 80 mm/min has given a highest tensile and fatigue properties. The fatigue behaviors of the joints are almost consistent with the tensile properties, especially elongations. Higher ductility in FSW joints made the material less sensitive to fatigue. The location of tensile fractures of the joints is dependent on the welding parameters. On the other hand, the fatigue fracture locations change depending on the welding parameters and stress range. In addition, a considerable correlation could not be established in between heat indexes and mechanical properties of FSW 2014-T6 joints under the investigated welding parameters.