Properties of self-compacting concretes made with binary,ternary, and quaternary cementitious blends of fly ash,blast furnace slag,and silica fume

Self-compacting concretes (SCCs) have brought a promising insight into the concrete industry to provide environmental impact and cost reduction. However, the use of ternary and especially quaternary cementitious blends of mineral admixtures have not found sufficient applications in the production of SCCs. For this purpose, an experimental study was conducted to investigate properties of SCCs with mineral admixtures. Moreover, durability based multi-objective optimization of the mixtures were performed to achieve an optimal concrete mixture proportioning. A total of 22 concrete mixtures were designed having a constant water/binder ratio of 0.44 and a total binder content of 450 kg/m³. The control mixture included only a Portland cement (PC) as the binder while the remaining mixtures incorporated binary, ternary, and quaternary cementitious blends of PC, fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (S), and silica fume (SF). Fresh properties of the SCCs were tested for slump flow diameter, slump flow time, L-box height ratio, and V-funnel flow time. Furthermore, the hardened properties of the concretes were tested for sorptivity, water permeability, chloride permeability, electrical resistivity, drying shrinkage, compressive strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The results indicated that when the durability properties of the concretes were taken into account, the ternary use of S and SF provided the best performance.     

复合激发剂在矿渣-钢渣-粉煤灰三掺混凝土中的应用研究

采用自制的高效复合激发剂,研究了其对矿渣-钢渣-粉煤灰三掺混凝土工作性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:复合激发剂的使用,对新拌混凝土的工作性能没有不利影响;复合激发剂对设计等级为C30混凝土抗压强度提高的效果明显,而对C50混凝土的作用效果则有所减弱,其原因在于单位体积混凝土中高水泥含量时,水泥对钢渣的水化在早期具有一定的抑制作用。     

Waste gypsum–blast furnace slag cement in mortars with granulated slag and silica sand as aggregates

The performance and water resistance of binders 30–50% blast furnace slag and hemihydrate from waste gypsum were investigated. Mortars of various aggregate:binder ratios were prepared with granulated BFS and silica sand. The cements with 50% slag were the best in terms of strength; higher aggregate loads reduced the strength. The solidification of mortars by the formation of an initial gypsum framework was indicated by the very fast setting, low 1 day strength and high non-evaporable water. Further strength development was due to the slag reactions. The microstructures of polished samples were dense and conformed by gypsum crystals surrounded by C–S–H. The use of BFS sand was more efficient, in terms of strength, than silica sand; this was due to the participation of the slag aggregate in the hydration reactions, improving the bonding in the interfacial zone. The lower density of the former makes them potentially more insulating efficient.     

Durability of lightweight concretes with lightweight fly ash aggregates

This paper presents the effects of aggregate properties such as strength, porosity, water absorption, bulk density and specific gravity on the strength and durability of lightweight fly ash aggregate concrete (LWAC). The influence of properties of four aggregates (sintered lightweight fly ash aggregates, cold-bonded lightweight fly ash aggregate and normalweight aggregate) on mechanical and durability properties of concrete is discussed. Experimental results revealed that durable high-strength air-entrained lightweight concretes could be produced using sintered or cold-bonded lightweight fly ash aggregates, having comparable performance with the normalweight concretes. The use of lightweight aggregates (LWA) instead of normalweight aggregates in concrete production decreased the strength and stiffness due to the higher porosity and lower strength of the aggregate included in the concrete. However, permeability of sintered fly ash aggregate lightweight concretes was comparable and slightly lower than normalweight concrete whereas permeability of cold-bonded fly ash lightweight concrete was greater than the others. All concretes had a durability factor greater than 85, which met the requirements by showing quite perfect resistance to freeze–thaw.     

Hydraulic binders of Fluorgypsum–Portland cement and blast furnace slag,stability and mechanical properties

The effect of various additives (Ca(OH)₂, K₂SO₄, Na₂SO₄, Al₂(SO₄)₃) was evaluated on the hydraulic character and stability of pastes of 50–75% Fluorgypsum, 15–30% Portland cement and 10–20% Blast furnace slag. Characterization included length changes, compressive strength, SEM, DTA and XRD. The combination of Na₂SO₄ and Al₂(SO₄)₃ favored early strength but caused detrimental expansion and strength losses after 90 days; whereas the use of only K₂SO₄ was favorable for strength and dimensional stability. The type of additive had a more important effect on stability and strength than the amounts of cement and slag. XRD indicated the presence of anhydrite, gypsum, ettringite, CaCO₃ and an unidentified phase, the interaction of these is proposed to explain the behavior of the cements investigated. SEM showed that cement and slag reacted forming C–S–H that enhanced the hydraulic character by engulfing the gypsum crystals.     

双掺粉煤灰和粉状高炉矿渣的自密实混凝土流变性能的研究

研究了以水泥,粉煤灰和粉状高炉矿渣为胶凝材料的自密实混凝土的工作性参数和流变参数,并分析了它们之间的关系。结果表明,掺入10%粉煤灰和矿粉的自密实混凝土的扩展度和T50分别为625 mm和6.4 s,此时混凝土流动性最小。掺入粉煤灰和矿粉均能提高混凝土的扩展度、L仪充填比、屈服应力和塑性黏度,其中粉煤灰对混凝土体系流动性的提高更为显著。随着扩展度的升高,混凝土屈服应力呈下降趋势,而T50与塑性黏度则呈正向的变化关系。     

粒化高炉矿渣代砂混凝土力学性能试验

研究了粒化高炉矿渣作为混凝土细骨料时的基本特性及其不同代砂率混凝土的物理力学性能。结果表明:粒化高炉矿渣与天然砂在化学成分及物理性能方面存在一定差异。在相同水胶比的条件下,相比于普通混凝土,粒化高炉矿渣代砂混凝土的流动性较差且含气量较高;与普通混凝土相比,粒化高炉矿渣代砂混凝土早期抗压强度较低但其后期强度增长较快,且粒化高炉矿渣代砂率越高后期强度增长越快;粒化高炉矿渣代砂混凝土劈裂抗拉强度和普通混凝土较为接近;粒化高炉矿渣代砂混凝土28 d弹性模量和普通混凝土较为接近且随混凝土强度等级的提高而增加。     

粉煤灰、矿渣复合硅酸盐水泥的研制

本文对粉煤灰和矿渣作混合材生产复合水泥采用不同的粉磨工艺进行对比,采用矿渣预粉磨工艺使复合水泥的早期强度明显提高,混合材总掺量达40％时,不加任何外加剂仍然能生产425R复合水泥。     

The use of ground blast furnace slag,chrome slag and corn stem ash mixture as a coating against corrosion

The ground blast furnace slag (GBFC), chrome slag (CS) and corn stem ash (CSA), produced following a number of processes, were mixed with pitch in different proportions in order to increase adherence. Iron plates were then coated with this mixture. The coated and uncoated plates were left to corrode in a NaCl solution (35 g/L NaCl). The potential differences of the specimens were measured after they were kept in the solution for a month by electrodes. The potential difference for the uncoated iron plates (iron plates without GBFC, CS and CSA) was approximately 0.501 V. For those coated with pitch, this value was 0.363 V. On the other hand, the potential difference of the coated iron electrodes was determined to be 0 V revealing the absence of corrosion after the NaCl solution treatment and the suitability for the use of the ground blast furnace slag, chrome slag and corn stem ash as coating materials.     

Durability of concrete incorporating non-ground blast furnace slag and bottom ash as fine aggregate

The paper presents investigation of how the usage of bottom ash (BA), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), and combination of both of these materials as fine aggregate in concrete affects the concrete durability. To assess durability characteristics of concrete, durability tests were conducted and the results were evaluated comparing with reference concrete. Three series concrete were produced. GBFS, BA and GBFS+BA are replaced the 3–7 mm-sized aggregate. Five test groups were constituted with the replacement percentages as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% in each series. These by-products were used as non-ground form in the concrete. Durability properties of the concretes were compared in order to study the possible advantages of different replacement ratios. According to results, GBFS and BA affects some durability properties of concrete positively in case of it is used as fine aggregate. Resistance to high temperature and surface abrasion are positively affected properties. Capillarity, drying-wetting and freezing-thawing resistance of the concrete can be accepted to some extent. Properties of by-products and its replacement ratio are controlling the influence level and direction. Comparison of the SEM images and test results show that chemical and physical properties of GBFS and BA are the main factors affecting the concrete durability. It is concluded that it is possible to produce durable concrete by using GBFS and BA as fine aggregate.     

含钛高炉重渣的水热固化研究

将含钛高炉重渣与Ca(OH)2以9∶1的质量比混合,添加15%、2 mol/L的NaOH溶液,利用水热固化技术,低温(200℃)制备出抗折强度约15 MPa的建筑材料。结果表明,成型压力、固化温度、固化时间等因素对固化体强度的形成均有重要影响。水热过程中,生成的CSH和水化石榴石晶相是导致固化体强度提高的重要原因。水热固化技术为含钛高炉重渣的大规模综合利用提供了新的途径。     

利用水淬矿渣和粉煤灰制备免蒸砖的研究

以未处理的水淬矿渣为主要原料,掺入一定量粉煤灰、重矿渣等工业废料,加入少量水化活性激发材料制备免蒸砖.结果表明,用这种方法进行冶金渣的再生利用,解决了几种工业废渣的利用问题.制备的免蒸砖强度高,达到MU15及以上强度等级,干燥收缩小,抗冻、抗碳化等性能优良,满足JC 239-2001<粉煤灰砖>要求.     

Mix design and performance analysis of asphalt concretes with electric arc furnace slag

The paper presents the results of a laboratory study, aimed at verifying the possibility to use two particular typologies of electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slags, in substitution of the natural aggregates, in the composition of wearing course asphalt concrete for flexible pavements. The experimental research has been articulated in a preliminary study of the chemical, leaching, physical, and mechanical properties of the EAF steel slag, and in the following mix design and performance characterisation of the bituminous conglomerates, through gyratory compaction tests, permanent deformations tests, Stiffness Modulus tests at various temperatures, fatigue tests and indirect tensile strength tests. All the mixtures with EAF slag have satisfied the requisites for acceptance in the road sector technical standards, thus resulting as suitable for use in the construction of road infrastructures, moreover presenting higher mechanical characteristics than those of the corresponding asphalts with full natural aggregate.     

高炉炉渣在建材工业中的应用

介绍了高炉炉渣在建材工业中的应用。     

水钢高炉重矿渣的应用研究

以贵州省六盘水市水钢高炉重矿渣为试验原料,分析了原料的化学成分、物相组成,并对高炉重矿渣集料的物化力学性能进行了试验研究。以100%高炉重矿渣集料为骨料可获得了C20高炉重矿渣混凝土和M10砂浆,其各项物理力学性能均符合规范要求,这为水钢重矿渣的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

不锈钢渣和矿渣制备胶凝材料的试验研究

以不锈钢渣和矿渣为主要原料,配加脱硫石膏、粉煤灰、矿物激发剂制备胶凝材料,通过试验确定了原料的最佳质量配比:33％不锈钢渣、35％矿渣、5％脱硫石膏、5％粉煤灰、22％矿物激发剂,利用该配比制备的胶凝材料达到32.5级普通硅酸盐水泥的标准要求.同时,采用XRD分析了胶凝材料的矿相组成,采用扫描电镜对胶凝材料不同龄期水化产物的显微结构进行了分析.     

矿渣微晶玻璃研制

本文介绍烧结法矿渣微晶玻璃装饰材料的研制。配制原料以矿渣为主,掺入玻璃工业用普通原料以及玻璃析晶时产生矿物所需的成分,经混匀熔化成玻璃后,进行热处理成为均匀微晶结构的玻璃结晶材料。对半工业性试验产品进行了微观结构、外观微孔质量及产品性能分析,并与天然石材的主要性能指标进行了对比。     

粒化高炉矿渣粉在混凝土中的应用

从粒化高炉矿渣粉的基本概念出发,通过对照高价标准,对粒化高炉矿渣粉在混凝土中的作用原理进行了分析,提出了在实际混凝土中应用高炉矿渣粉应该注意的几个问题,以指导实践。     

镍渣矿渣免烧砖的试验研究

研究了镍渣矿渣比和水泥掺量对镍渣矿渣复合胶凝材料体系的影响,并在此基础上,辅以化学激发剂NS、CA,采用正交试验方法,研制开发新型镍渣矿渣基复合胶凝材料,最佳配比为:镍渣和矿渣的质量比5∶5,水泥、激发剂NS和CA分别占镍渣和矿渣总质量的20％、0.5％和2％,胶砂比1∶3,水胶比0.5,可制得符合MU25等级的免烧砖.     

钢渣矿渣复合粉在商品混凝土中的应用研究

本文研究了钢渣矿渣复合粉取代矿渣粉作为商品混凝土掺合料,对混凝土工作性和抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明:采用复合粉取代矿粉对混凝土的工作性和抗压强度无不利的影响,采用复合粉取代矿渣粉作为混凝土掺合料具有良好的经济社会效益。